Najiya Kpp, profile picture
Uploaded byNajiya Kpp
PPT, PDF10,029 views

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology has applications in electronics by enabling the creation of devices at the nanoscale. It allows building things atom by atom to create tiny machines called nanomachines. Working at the nanoscale allows controlling materials' properties and creating new functional materials. This leads to applications like carbon nanotube transistors that have higher electron mobility than silicon transistors. Carbon nanomaterials like nanotubes and graphene are also used to create highly sensitive nanosensors due to their large surface area and electrical properties.

Embed presentation

Downloaded 549 times
Application of Nanotechnology in Electronics Presented by Najiya KPP Mtech NST
Nanoscience – working small, thinking big
Nano: From the Greek nanos - meaning "dwarf”, this prefix is used in the metric system to mean 10-9 or 1/1,000,000,000.
Nanotechnology • Nanotechnology is exciting emerging science & technological field. • It is all about building things atom by atom & molecule by molecule. • Goal of this technology is to make tiny devices called ‘Nanomachines’.
What is Nanotechnology Semiconducting metal junction An engineered DNA strand pRNA tiny motor formed by two carbon nanotubes Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications
What is Nanoscale Fullerenes C60 12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m 10 millions times 1 billion times smaller smaller
What’s the BIG deal about something so SMALL ? Materials behave differently at this size scale. It’s not just about miniaturization. Color depends on particle size Quantum dots 3.2 nm in diameter have blue emission Quantum dots 5 nm in diameter have red emission Evident Technologies evidot Quantum Dots
Is this technology new? In one sense there is nothing new… • Whether we knew it or not, every piece of technology has involved the manipulation of atoms at some level. • Many existing technologies depend crucially on processes that take place on the nanometer scale. Ex: Photography & Catalysis Nanotechnology, like any other branch of science, is primarily concerned with understanding how nature works.
Working at the nanoscale • Working in the nanoworld was first proposed by Richard Feynman back in 1959. • But it's only true in the last decade. • The world of the ultra small, in practical terms, is a distant place. • We can't see or touch it. • Because, optical microscopes can't provide images of anything smaller than the wavelength of visible light (ie, nothing smaller than 380 nanometres).
From “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”, Dec 29, 1959 This image was written using Dip-Pen Nanolithography, and imaged using lateral force microscopy mode of an atomic force microscope.
What makes the nanoscale special?  High density of structures is possible with small size.  Physical and chemical properties can be different at the nano-scale (e.g. electronic, optical, mechanical, thermal, chemical).  The physical behavior of material can be different in the nano-regime because of the different ways physical properties scale with dimension (e.g. area vs. volume). Prof. Richard Feynman “There’s plenty of room at the bottom”
Physical/chemical properties can change as we approach the nano-scale Melting point of gold particles Fluorescence of semiconductor nanocrystals Decreasing crystal size K. J. Klabunde, 2001 M. Bawendi, MIT: web.mit.edu/chemistry/nanocluster Evident, Inc.: www.evidenttech.com By controlling nano-scale (1) composition, (2) size, and (3) shape, we can create new materials with new properties  New technologies
Nanotechnology is estimated to become a trillion dollar market Areas in which nanotechnologies are expected to impact our everyday lives: • Electronics • Mechanical engineering • Photonics (communications • Aerospace & computing using photons) • Environmental remediation • Information storage • Pharmaceuticals & drug • Energy storage/transport delivery • Materials engineering • Biotechnology • Textiles
Moore’s Law • The number of transistors on a chip will approximately double every 18 to 24 months (Moore’s Law). • This law has given chip designers greater incentives to incorporate new features on silicon.
• Moore's Law works largely through shrinking transistors, the circuits that carry electrical signals. • By shrinking transistors, designers can squeeze more transistors into a chip.
Nanoscale Materials Nanowires and Nanotubes • Lateral dimension: 1 – 100 nm • Nanowires and nanotubes exhibit novel physical, electronic and optical properties due to – Two dimensional quantum confinement – Structural one dimensionality – High surface to volume ratio • Potential application in wide range of nanodevices and systems – Nanoscale sensors and actuators – Photovoltaic devices – solar cells Nanowire Solar Cell: The – Transistors, diodes and LASERs nanowires create a surface that is able to absorb more sunlight than a flat surface – McMaster Univ., 2008
Nanoelectronics • Nanoelectronics refer to the use of nanotechnology on electronic components, especially transistors. Although the  term nanotechnology is generally defined as utilizing technology less than 100 nm in size, nanoelectronics often refer to transistor devices that are so  small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties  need to be studied extensively.  • Besides being small and allowing more transistors to be packed into a  single chip, the uniform and symmetrical structure of nanotubes allows a  higher electron mobility, a higher dielectric constant (faster frequency),  and a symmetrical electron/ hole characteristic.
CARBON-BASED SENSORS AND ELECTRONICS • Carbon nanomaterials such as one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional (2D) graphene have emerged as promising options  due to their superior electrical properties which allow for fabrication of faster and more power-efficient electronics.  • At the same time their high surface to volume ratio combined with their excellent mechanical properties has rendered them a robust and highly sensitive building block for nanosensors
CARBON-BASED SENSORS A true example of nanotechnology: an  array of individually addressable  vertically-aligned carbon nanofibers for  sensing applications at the nanoscale. For  comparison, a single human hair is 1000  times thicker than any of the nanofibers in  the image. 
Graphene transistor • In 2004, it was shown for the  first time that a single sheet of  carbon atoms packed in a  honeycomb crystal lattice can be  isolated from graphite and is  stable at room temperature. The new nanomaterial, which is called graphene, allows electrons to move at an extraordinarily high speed. This  property, together with its  intrinsic nature of being one- atom-thick, can be exploited to  fabricate field-effect transistors A layer of graphene acts as the conducting  that are faster and smaller. channel in a field-effect transistor
Carbon Nanotube Electronics • When a layer of graphene is rolled into a tube, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) is formed. Consequently, SWNTs inherit the attractive electronic properties of graphene but their cylindrical structure makes  them a more readily available option for forming the channel in field-effect  transistors. Such transistors possess an electron mobility superior to their silicon-based counterpart and allow for larger current densities while  dissipating the heat generated from their operation more efficiently.  • During the last decade, carbon nanotube-based devices have advanced  beyond single transistors to include more complex systems such as logic  gates and radio-frequency components
An artistic expression of an integrated circuit based on individual carbon nanotubes 
Carbon-based Nanosensors • In addition to the exceptional  electrical properties of graphene and  carbon nanotubes, their excellent thermal conductivity, high mechanical robustness, and very large surface to volume ratio make them superior materials for fabrication of electromechanical and electrochemical sensors with higher sensitivities, lower limits of detection, and faster response time.  A good example is the carbon nanotube-based mass sensor that can detect changes in mass caused  by a single gold atom adsorbing on  its surface Any additional gold atom that adsorbs on the surface of a  vibrating carbon nanotube would change its resonance  frequency which is further detected 
MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS • Recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have  provided the opportunity to use single molecules, or a tiny assembly of them, as the main building blocks of an electronic circuit. This, combined with the  developed tools of molecular synthesis to engineer  basic properties of molecules, has enabled the  realisation of novel functionalities beyond the scope  of traditional solid state devices.
Single Molecule Memory Device • A modern memory device, in its most common  implementation, stores each bit of data by charging up a tiny capacitor. The continuous downscaling of electronic circuits,  in this context, translates to storing less charge in a smaller  capacitor.  • As memory device dimensions approach the nanometer range, the capacitor can be replaced by a single organic molecule such as Ferrocene, whose oxidation state can be  altered by moving an electron into or out of the molecule
Single Molecule Memory Device A neutral Ferrocene molecule is  An electron tunnels to the  The positively charged  attached to a nanoelectrode  nanoelectrode by the  Ferrocene molecule  representing a “0” state application of an external  represents a “1” state electrical field
A novel data  storage system  capable of  1015 bytes/cm2 is  being explored. In this system, H  atoms would be  designated as 0 and  F atoms as 1. A tip that can  distinguish between  0 and 1 rapidly and  unambiguously is being  investigated.
Organic Transistor Odour Sensor • Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are a good example of the  scope of traditional electronic devices  being augmented by the chemical  reactivity of an organic semiconductor  material in their channel.  • In an odour sensor, the nano-scale chemical reactions upon exposure of the device to a certain atmospheric condition modify the electronic properties of the organic semiconducting material which is further reflected by a change in the current flowing through the transistor
QUANTUM COMPUTING       The excitement in the field of  quantum computing was  triggered in 1994 by Peter Shor who showed how a quantum algorithm could exponentially speed up a classical computation. Such algorithms  are implemented in a device that  makes direct use of quantum  mechanical phenomena such as  entanglement and superposition.       Since the physical laws that govern the behaviour of a system at the atomic scale are Quantum computing chip: the two black squares are  inherently quantum mechanical the quantum bits or qubits, the processing centre; the  in nature, nanotechnology has meandering line at the centre is the quantum bus; and  emerged as the most the lateral meandering lines are the quantum memory  appropriate tool to realise quantum computers
SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR      In contrast to common transistors, where  the  switching  action  requires  thousands  of  electrons,  a single electron transistor needs only one electron to change from the insulating to the conducting state.  Such  transistors  can  potentially  deliver  very  high device density and power efficiency with remarkable operational speed.  In  order  to implement single electron transistors, extremely small metallic islands with sub-100 nm dimensions have to be fabricated. These islands, which are referred to as quantum dots,  can  be  fabricated  by  employing  processes  made  available  by  A single electron transistor in a surface  the advances in nanotechnology acoustic wave echo chamber
SPINTRONICS       Similar to electrical charge, spin is another  fundamental property of matter. While  conventional electronic devices rely on the  transport of electrical charge carriers, the  emerging technology of spintronics employs the spin of electrons to encode and transfer information. Spintronics has the potential to deliver nanoscale memory and logic devices which process information faster, consume less power, and store more data in less space. The extension of the hard disk capacities to the gigabyte and the terabyte ranges was the main achievement of spintronics by taking advantage of Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR) and Tunnel Magneto-Resistance (TMR) effects which are effective only at the nano scale A close-up look at a hard disk drive improved  with the Giant Magneto-Resistance technology
NANO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (NEMS) •  All electronic tools have one thing in common: an integrated circuit (IC) acting as their “brain”. The extent to which this “brain” has  influenced our lives has already been tremendous but what if its decision- making capability is augmented by “eyes” and “arms”? Nano-electro- mechanical systems have evolved during the last 10 years to make this  dream come true by creating sensors (“eyes”) and actuators (“arms”) at  the same scale as the accompanying nanoelectronics.  • Recent developments in synthesis of nanomaterials with excellent electrical and mechanical properties have extended the boundaries of NEMS applications to include more advanced devices such as the non- volatile nano-electro-mechanical memory, where information is transferred and stored through a series of electrical and mechanical actions at the nanoscale.
Nanochip − Currently available microprocessors use resolutions as small as 32 nm − Houses up to a billion transistors in a single chip − MEMS based nanochips have future capability of 2 nm cell leading to 1TB memory per chip A MEMS based nanochip – Nanochip Inc., 2006
Light Emitting Diode Organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology uses substances that emit red, green, blue or white light. Without any other source of illumination, OLED materials present bright, clear video and images that are easy to see at almost any angle. OLED displays stack up several thin layers of materials. They operate on the attraction between positively and negatively charged particles. When voltage is applied, one layer becomes negatively charged relative to another transparent layer. As energy passes from the negatively charged (cathode) layer to the other (anode) layer, it stimulates organic material between the two, which emits light visible through an outermost layer of glass.
Intel Celleron Processor Intel entered the nanotechnology era in 2000 when it began volume production of chips with sub- 100nm length transistors. Intel believes that the future of nanotechnology is silicon based; the company has a major effort in this area, both in-house and through external research programs.
iPod Nano Inside the iPod Nano are memory chips from Samsung and Toshiba. Samsung, the biggest producer of NAND and DRAM flash memory chips in the world, uses semiconductor manufacturing methods with precision below 100 nanometers. This precision, in part, is what enables the iPod Nano's 4 GB NAND flash memory.
SED Display  The Suface-conductor Electron-emitter Display (SED) based on a new type of flat- panel display technology, was created through the merging of Canon's proprietary electron-emission and microfabrication technologies with Toshiba's CRT technology and mass-production technologies for liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and semiconductors. Like conventional CRTs, SEDs utilize the collision of electrons with a phosphor-coated screen to emit light. Electron emitters, which correspond to an electron gun in a CRT, are distributed in an amount equal to the number of pixels on the display.
Notebook Computers The Q40 also incorporates Samsung's Silver Nano technology and is compliant with RoHS standards that restrict the use of hazardous substances. For extra peace of mind, it also carries the Samsung ECO Mark, certifying that the Q40 uses eco-friendly components and packing materials, and promotes power saving.  Silver Nano technology takes advantage of the anti-bacteria properties of silver to protect computer users from potentially harmful germs, molds and bacteria. It is applied as a high-tech coating on the Q40's keyboard and palm rest.
Keyboard & Mouse IOGEAR's Wireless Keyboard and Optical Mouse combo is coated with a Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Silver (Ag) nano- particle compound. The coating uses two mechanisms to deactivate enzymes and proteins of bacteria from surviving on the surface of the product. The compound has been tested and proven effective against various bacteria.
XBOX The chip features a customized version of IBM's industry leading 64-bit PowerPC core. The chip includes three of these cores, each with two simultaneous threads and clock speeds greater than 3 GHz.  It features 165 million transistors fabricated using IBM's 90 nanometer Silicon on Insulator (SOI) technology to reduce heat and improve performance.
Organic Electroluminescent Display Made of nanostructured polymer films, OLED screens emit their own light and are lighter, smaller and more energy efficient than conventional liquid crystal displays. OEL were introduced to the world by Pioneer in 1999, and head units have never looked the same since. OEL displays, featured in select Premier and Pioneer models, have some intensely great advantages over normal displays, namely: you can read the display from wide angles and even in bright sunlight (what a concept!). Since it’s easier to read, it’s also easier to control, and you can keep your eyes on the road longer. It's a self-emitting device, so there’s no need for backlighting and it’s really efficient to operate.
Lithium-Ion Battery The new battery fuses Toshiba's latest advances in nano-material technology for the electric devices sector with cumulative know-how in manufacturing lithium-ion battery cells. A breakthrough technology applied to the negative electrode uses new nano- particles to prevent organic liquid electrolytes from reducing during battery recharging. The nano-particles quickly absorb and store a vast amount of lithium ions, without causing any deterioration in the electrode.
Sensors We apply nanotechnology during sensor development, enabling us to minimize sensor size and increase unit pixels integrated into a limited area. This produces higher density as well as lower power consumption, so as to improve the vulnerability of previous image sensors in mobile phones.
Nanolasers Nanolasers The complex interaction between light and nanometer structures, like wires, has possibilities as new technology for devices and sensors. Researchers are studying light emission from a semiconductor nanowire- typically 10-100 nanometers wide and a few micrometers long-which functions as a laser. Lasers made from arrays of these wires have many potential applications in communications and sensing for NASA.
AN ENGINEERED DNA STRAND  An engineered DNA strand between metal atom contacts could function as a molecular electronics device. Such molecules and nanostructures are expected to revolutionize electronics. Understanding the complex quantum physics involved via simulation guides design.
• Onboard computing systems for future autonomous intelligent vehicles - powerful, compact, low power consumption, radiation hard • High performance computing (Tera- and Peta-flops) - processing satellite data - integrated space vehicle engineering - climate modeling • Revolutionary computing technologies • Smart, compact sensors, ultrasmall probes • Advanced miniaturization of all systems • Microspacecraft • 'Thinking' spacecraft • Micro-, nano-rovers for planetary exploration • Novel materials for future spacecraft
NASA Nanotechnology Roadmap C A P A B I L I T Y Multi-Functional Materials Adaptive Autonomous Self-Repairing Revolutionary Spacecraft Space Missions Aircraft Concepts (40% less mass) Reusable (30% less mass, High Strength Launch Vehicle 20% less emission, (20% less mass, Bio-Inspired Materials Materials 25% increased and Processes (>10 GPa) 20% less noise) range) Increasing levels of system design and integration • Single-walled • Nanotube • Integral • Smart “skin” • Biomimetic Materials nanotube fibers composites thermal/shape materials material control systems • Low-Power CNT • Molecular • Fault/radiation • Nano electronic • Biological Electronics/ electronic computing/data tolerant “brain” for space computing computing components storage electronics Exploration • In-space • Nano flight • Quantum • Integrated • NEMS flight Sensors, s/c nanoprobes system navigation nanosensor systems @ 1 µW components components sensors systems 2002 2004 2006 2011 2016 >
Nanoelectronics and Computing Roadmap Impact on Space Transportation, Space Science and Earth Science 2002 2005 2010 2015 hν e- Sensor Web Mission Complexity Robot Colony Nano-electronic components Europa Sub Ultra high density storage RLV Biomimetic, radiation resistant Biological Molecules molecular computing CNT Devices Compute Capacity
Nanosensor Roadmap Impact on Space Transportation, HEDS, Space Science and Astrobiology 2002 2005 2010 2015 Optical Sensors for Synthetic Vision 2020 Sensor Web Mission Complexity Nanotube Vibration Sensor for Propulsion Diagnostics Mars Robot Colony Multi-sensor Bi Arrays (Chemical, os Europa Sub e optical and bio) ns or s Sharp CJV Spacestation Nanopore for in situ 2003 biomark-sensor ISPP Missions too early Sensor Capacity 1999 for nanotechnology DSI RAX impact
Nano-Materials Roadmap Impact on Space Transportation, Space Science and HEDS 2002 2005 2010 2015 Generation 3 RLV HEDS Habitats Mission Complexity CNT Tethers SELF-HEALING MATERIALS RLV Cryo Tanks SO - H SO - H SO - H + + + 3 3 3 C a++ - SO3 Ca++ - SO3 - SO3 Ca++ - SO3 Production of - SO3 Ca++ SO3 - Non-tacky temperature Tacky single CNT SELF-ASSEMBLING MATERIALS NANOTUBE MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITES MATERIALS Strong Smart Structures Nanotextiles CNT = Carbon Nanotubes
NANOCOMPUTERS A Nanocomputer is a computer whose fundamental components measure only a few nanometers(<100nm) -Minimum feature size on todays state-of-the-art commercial integrated circuits measure about 350nm -Over 10,000 nanocomputer components could fit in the area of a single modern microcomputer component -Could dramatically increase computing speed & density
NANOCOMPUTERS Main difference is one of physical scale  More and more transistors are squeezed into silicon chips with each passing year.  To further decrease the size the concept “Nanolithography” will be needed.  Nanolithography is used to create microscopic circuit as is it the art & science of etching,writing or printing at microscopic level where the dim of char are in order of nanometer.
Nanoelectronics: Applications under Development Researchers are looking into the following nanoelectronics projects:  Building transistors from carbon nanotubes to enable minimum transistor dimensions of a few nanometers and developing techniques to manufacture integrated circuits built with nanotube transistors.  Using electrodes made from nanowires that would enable flat panel displays to be flexible as well as thinner than current flat panel displays.  Transistors built in single atom thick graphene film to enable very high speed transistors.  Combining gold nanoparticles with organic molecules to create a transistor known as a NOMFET(Nanoparticle Organic memory Field-Effect Transistor).  Using carbon nanotubes to direct electrons to illuminate pixels, resulting in a lightweight, millimeter thick “nanoemissive display panel”.  Using quantum dots to replace the fluorescent dots used in current displays. Displays using quantum dots should be simpler to make than current displays as well as use less power.  Making integrated circuits with features that can be measured in nanometers (nm), such as the process that allows the production of integrated circuits with 22nm wide transistor gates.
Nanoelectronics: Applications under Development  Using nanosized magnetic rings to make Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory(MRAM) which research has indicated may allow memory density of 400GB per square inch.  Developing Molecular-sized Transistors which may allow us to shrink the width of transistor gates to approximately one nm which will significantly increase transistor density in integrated circuits.  Using Self-aligning nanostructures to manufacture nanoscale integrated circuits.  Using nanowires to build transistors without p-n junctions.  Using buckyballs to build dense, low power memory devices.  Using Magnetic Quantum dots in spintronic semiconductor devices. Spintronic devices are expected to be significantly higher density and lower power consumption because they measure the spin of electronics to determine a 1 or 0, rather than measuring groups of electronics as done in current semiconductor devices.  Using nanowires made of an alloy of iron and nickel to create dense memory devices. By applying a current magnetized sections along the length of the wire. As the magnetized sections move along the wire, the data is read by a stationary sensor. This method is called Race track memory.  Using silver nanowires embedded in a polymer to make conductive layers that can flex, without damaging the conductor.
Research Challenges Nano technology brings on new challenges • Existing tools for investigations at the atomic level are expensive to acquire and maintain • New research tools need to be developed to explore the nano realm • Specialized facilities are required to maintain the cleanliness need for nano technology • A new infrastructure might be required for the equipment yet-to-be-developed
Summary • There are many opportunities to incorporate nano technologies into innovative products • Fundamental research is required to understand the potential applications of the properties of nano materials • Future high tech products will incorporate the advantages of nano-materials • From the national interests, it is important for researchers to continue to push the understanding of nano technology
Conclusions • Building from Semiconductor provides ability to coordinate industry, university, and infrastructure roles in developing “nano” in more than electronics • Tools and facilities for nano are expensive • Nano-technology requires being on the leading edge of developments including equipment • Infrastructure development must be sustained • Continual evaluation of “weak” links is required
Thanks for your attention

More Related Content

PPT
Nanotechnology
byApurv Tanay
 
PPTX
Nanotech presentation
byjayly03
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology
byViju Jigajinni
 
PPTX
Applications of nanotechnology
bysangee1992
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology & applications in electronics
byappynikki
 
PPTX
Nanophysics lec (1)
byDr. Abeer Kamal
 
PPT
Nanoelectronics
byZelia Blaga
 
PDF
Carbon nanotubes
byNaveed Akhtar
 
Nanotechnology
byApurv Tanay
 
Nanotech presentation
byjayly03
 
Nanotechnology
byViju Jigajinni
 
Applications of nanotechnology
bysangee1992
 
Nanotechnology & applications in electronics
byappynikki
 
Nanophysics lec (1)
byDr. Abeer Kamal
 
Nanoelectronics
byZelia Blaga
 
Carbon nanotubes
byNaveed Akhtar
 

What's hot

PPTX
Nanoelectronics ppt,final
bytabirsir
 
PPT
Nanotechnology And Its Applications
bymandykhera
 
PPTX
Introduction to Nanotechnology
byKuldeep Thakre
 
PPTX
The scope of nanotechnology
byHarkirat Bedi
 
PPTX
Nanoelectronics
byAswin Sreeraj
 
PPTX
Introduction to nano technology
bymahalakshmimalini
 
PPTX
Nems2
bySyeda Nasiha
 
PDF
Green nanopartical synthesis
byLaibaTariq10
 
PPT
Nanotechnology
byKANNAN
 
PPTX
Introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology
byMazhar Laliwala
 
PPTX
Carbon nanotubes
byZack Wanambwa
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology and Its Applications
byShubham Dabas
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology
byNasir Jumani
 
PPT
Nanowires presentation
byTam Van Tran
 
PPTX
NANOTECHNOLOGY AND IT'S APPLICATIONS
byCHINMOY PAUL
 
PPTX
NANOTECHNOLOGY .pptx
byHeeraKaremore
 
PPTX
NANO Physics ppt ---2017
byANANT VYAS
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology
byArshiya Sayed
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology
bytabirsir
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology ppt
byJEEVARATHINAM ANTONY
 
Nanoelectronics ppt,final
bytabirsir
 
Nanotechnology And Its Applications
bymandykhera
 
Introduction to Nanotechnology
byKuldeep Thakre
 
The scope of nanotechnology
byHarkirat Bedi
 
Nanoelectronics
byAswin Sreeraj
 
Introduction to nano technology
bymahalakshmimalini
 
Nems2
bySyeda Nasiha
 
Green nanopartical synthesis
byLaibaTariq10
 
Nanotechnology
byKANNAN
 
Introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology
byMazhar Laliwala
 
Carbon nanotubes
byZack Wanambwa
 
Nanotechnology and Its Applications
byShubham Dabas
 
Nanotechnology
byNasir Jumani
 
Nanowires presentation
byTam Van Tran
 
NANOTECHNOLOGY AND IT'S APPLICATIONS
byCHINMOY PAUL
 
NANOTECHNOLOGY .pptx
byHeeraKaremore
 
NANO Physics ppt ---2017
byANANT VYAS
 
Nanotechnology
byArshiya Sayed
 
Nanotechnology
bytabirsir
 
Nanotechnology ppt
byJEEVARATHINAM ANTONY
 

Viewers also liked

PPTX
Nanotechnology
byVaibhav Maurya
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology
bySameer Nawab
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology
byNitesh Kumar
 
PDF
Nanotechnology in agriculture and food
byAnurag Mishra
 
PPT
NANOTECHNOLOGY
byLeela Vasundara D K
 
PPTX
nanotechnology in food packaging
byPreeti Birwal
 
PPTX
Applications of Nanotechnology in Food Packaging and Food Safety (Barrier ma...
byDr. IRSHAD A
 
PPT
Food Analysis Quality Control
byVedpal Yadav
 
PDF
Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety
byDr. IRSHAD A
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology
bysruthi K
 
PPT
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.
bySathya Sujani
 
Nanotechnology
byVaibhav Maurya
 
Nanotechnology
bySameer Nawab
 
Nanotechnology
byNitesh Kumar
 
Nanotechnology in agriculture and food
byAnurag Mishra
 
NANOTECHNOLOGY
byLeela Vasundara D K
 
nanotechnology in food packaging
byPreeti Birwal
 
Applications of Nanotechnology in Food Packaging and Food Safety (Barrier ma...
byDr. IRSHAD A
 
Food Analysis Quality Control
byVedpal Yadav
 
Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety
byDr. IRSHAD A
 
Nanotechnology
bysruthi K
 
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.
bySathya Sujani
 

Similar to Nanotechnology

PPTX
he description abouty tech semina,m M< b, M <NBr
bybalajikoushik07
 
PPT
Presentation on nano technology
byharshid panchal
 
PPT
APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS.
byVIKAS KUMAR
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology
byVarun Bansal
 
PPTX
ppt of Phy.(Nanophysics)
byNirali Akabari
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology
byManthan Gandhi
 
PPSX
Nanotechnology
byAhmed Taha
 
PPTX
Nanoelectronics
byViju Jigajinni
 
PPT
Nanotechnology by sanchit sharma
bySanchit Sharma
 
PDF
Nanotechnology by manish myst, ssgbcoet
byManish Myst
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology a different approach
byGokul Kv
 
PPTX
Vimal22
byvimal_saxena
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology is given a new face
byAmanModi18
 
PPT
Invincible
byRajat Dhiman
 
PPTX
Nano technology
byNARAHARISRUTHI1
 
PPTX
Nanotechnology ppt
bykirtisingh2011
 
PDF
Nanotechnology
bylusik
 
PPTX
Nanotechology for BSc students
byDr. Basanta Kumar Parida
 
PPTX
Nanotubes
byAishah Umairah
 
PPT
Nanotechnology.Opportunities&Challenges
bylusik
 
he description abouty tech semina,m M< b, M <NBr
bybalajikoushik07
 
Presentation on nano technology
byharshid panchal
 
APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS.
byVIKAS KUMAR
 
Nanotechnology
byVarun Bansal
 
ppt of Phy.(Nanophysics)
byNirali Akabari
 
Nanotechnology
byManthan Gandhi
 
Nanotechnology
byAhmed Taha
 
Nanoelectronics
byViju Jigajinni
 
Nanotechnology by sanchit sharma
bySanchit Sharma
 
Nanotechnology by manish myst, ssgbcoet
byManish Myst
 
Nanotechnology a different approach
byGokul Kv
 
Vimal22
byvimal_saxena
 
Nanotechnology is given a new face
byAmanModi18
 
Invincible
byRajat Dhiman
 
Nano technology
byNARAHARISRUTHI1
 
Nanotechnology ppt
bykirtisingh2011
 
Nanotechnology
bylusik
 
Nanotechology for BSc students
byDr. Basanta Kumar Parida
 
Nanotubes
byAishah Umairah
 
Nanotechnology.Opportunities&Challenges
bylusik
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
Nexsan and Vates: Secure, High-Performance Open Virtualization
bypublish1
 
PDF
Cheryl Hung, Vibe Coding Auth Without Melting Down! isaqb Software Architectu...
byCheryl Hung
 
PPTX
Formulation and Evaluation of herbal peel off mask gel
byRanikonde
 
PDF
How Much Does It Cost to Build an eCommerce Website in 2025.pdf
byPixlogix Infotech
 
PDF
Welcome by Uni Systems: Shaping Experiences
byUni Systems S.M.S.A.
 
PDF
IBM Instana Observability v1.0.277 Administrator – Professional
byiffat aziz
 
PDF
Introduction to AI (Artificial Intelligence) and its role in our business world
byrishitiwaridigital
 
PDF
Agentic Intro and Hands-on: Build your first Coded Agent
byUiPathCommunity
 
PDF
Transforming Content Operations in the Age of AI
byEnterprise Knowledge
 
PPTX
MuleSoft AI Series : Introduction to MCP
byMulesoftMunichMeetup
 
PDF
How Much Does It Cost to Build an eCommerce Website in 2025.pdf
byPixlogix Infotech
 
PPTX
4_ii_Analysis of Indeterminate Structures (Slope-Deflection Method).pptx
byrohitpatel130020
 
PDF
How to Conduct a Comprehensive Network Penetration Test.pdf
byhoploninfosec
 
PPTX
System Software_CIE_AS_LEVEL_CS_9618 .pptx
byJawaad BM
 
PDF
[DevFest Strasbourg 2025] - NodeJs Can do that !!
bymoassiongbon
 
PDF
Supercharging Grafana with Community Plugins
byImma Valls Bernaus
 
PDF
PCCC25（設立25年記念PCクラスタシンポジウム）：富士通株式会社 テーマ３「FUJITSU-MONAKA series: Arm-based pro...
byPC Cluster Consortium
 
PDF
How Cloud Migration Enhances Performance and Reduces Downtime for Digital Pla...
bySynapseIndia
 
PDF
Comparison between AI Initiatives: US, China, and EU
byBob Marcus
 
PDF
Links to 42 Recently Posted LLM Documents at https://tinyurl.com/mpavkr8z
byBob Marcus
 
Nexsan and Vates: Secure, High-Performance Open Virtualization
bypublish1
 
Cheryl Hung, Vibe Coding Auth Without Melting Down! isaqb Software Architectu...
byCheryl Hung
 
Formulation and Evaluation of herbal peel off mask gel
byRanikonde
 
How Much Does It Cost to Build an eCommerce Website in 2025.pdf
byPixlogix Infotech
 
Welcome by Uni Systems: Shaping Experiences
byUni Systems S.M.S.A.
 
IBM Instana Observability v1.0.277 Administrator – Professional
byiffat aziz
 
Introduction to AI (Artificial Intelligence) and its role in our business world
byrishitiwaridigital
 
Agentic Intro and Hands-on: Build your first Coded Agent
byUiPathCommunity
 
Transforming Content Operations in the Age of AI
byEnterprise Knowledge
 
MuleSoft AI Series : Introduction to MCP
byMulesoftMunichMeetup
 
How Much Does It Cost to Build an eCommerce Website in 2025.pdf
byPixlogix Infotech
 
4_ii_Analysis of Indeterminate Structures (Slope-Deflection Method).pptx
byrohitpatel130020
 
How to Conduct a Comprehensive Network Penetration Test.pdf
byhoploninfosec
 
System Software_CIE_AS_LEVEL_CS_9618 .pptx
byJawaad BM
 
[DevFest Strasbourg 2025] - NodeJs Can do that !!
bymoassiongbon
 
Supercharging Grafana with Community Plugins
byImma Valls Bernaus
 
PCCC25（設立25年記念PCクラスタシンポジウム）：富士通株式会社 テーマ３「FUJITSU-MONAKA series: Arm-based pro...
byPC Cluster Consortium
 
How Cloud Migration Enhances Performance and Reduces Downtime for Digital Pla...
bySynapseIndia
 
Comparison between AI Initiatives: US, China, and EU
byBob Marcus
 
Links to 42 Recently Posted LLM Documents at https://tinyurl.com/mpavkr8z
byBob Marcus
 

Nanotechnology

  • 1.
    Application of Nanotechnology in Electronics Presented by Najiya KPP Mtech NST
  • 2.
  • 3.
    Nano: From the Greeknanos - meaning "dwarf”, this prefix is used in the metric system to mean 10-9 or 1/1,000,000,000.
  • 4.
    Nanotechnology • Nanotechnology isexciting emerging science & technological field. • It is all about building things atom by atom & molecule by molecule. • Goal of this technology is to make tiny devices called ‘Nanomachines’.
  • 5.
    What is Nanotechnology Semiconducting metal junction An engineered DNA strand pRNA tiny motor formed by two carbon nanotubes Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications
  • 6.
    What is Nanoscale Fullerenes C60 12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m 10 millions times 1 billion times smaller smaller
  • 7.
    What’s the BIGdeal about something so SMALL ? Materials behave differently at this size scale. It’s not just about miniaturization. Color depends on particle size Quantum dots 3.2 nm in diameter have blue emission Quantum dots 5 nm in diameter have red emission Evident Technologies evidot Quantum Dots
  • 8.
    Is this technologynew? In one sense there is nothing new… • Whether we knew it or not, every piece of technology has involved the manipulation of atoms at some level. • Many existing technologies depend crucially on processes that take place on the nanometer scale. Ex: Photography & Catalysis Nanotechnology, like any other branch of science, is primarily concerned with understanding how nature works.
  • 9.
    Working at thenanoscale • Working in the nanoworld was first proposed by Richard Feynman back in 1959. • But it's only true in the last decade. • The world of the ultra small, in practical terms, is a distant place. • We can't see or touch it. • Because, optical microscopes can't provide images of anything smaller than the wavelength of visible light (ie, nothing smaller than 380 nanometres).
  • 10.
    From “There’s Plentyof Room at the Bottom”, Dec 29, 1959 This image was written using Dip-Pen Nanolithography, and imaged using lateral force microscopy mode of an atomic force microscope.
  • 11.
    What makes thenanoscale special?  High density of structures is possible with small size.  Physical and chemical properties can be different at the nano-scale (e.g. electronic, optical, mechanical, thermal, chemical).  The physical behavior of material can be different in the nano-regime because of the different ways physical properties scale with dimension (e.g. area vs. volume). Prof. Richard Feynman “There’s plenty of room at the bottom”
  • 12.
    Physical/chemical properties canchange as we approach the nano-scale Melting point of gold particles Fluorescence of semiconductor nanocrystals Decreasing crystal size K. J. Klabunde, 2001 M. Bawendi, MIT: web.mit.edu/chemistry/nanocluster Evident, Inc.: www.evidenttech.com By controlling nano-scale (1) composition, (2) size, and (3) shape, we can create new materials with new properties  New technologies
  • 13.
    Nanotechnology is estimatedto become a trillion dollar market Areas in which nanotechnologies are expected to impact our everyday lives: • Electronics • Mechanical engineering • Photonics (communications • Aerospace & computing using photons) • Environmental remediation • Information storage • Pharmaceuticals & drug • Energy storage/transport delivery • Materials engineering • Biotechnology • Textiles
  • 14.
    Moore’s Law • Thenumber of transistors on a chip will approximately double every 18 to 24 months (Moore’s Law). • This law has given chip designers greater incentives to incorporate new features on silicon.
  • 15.
    • Moore's Lawworks largely through shrinking transistors, the circuits that carry electrical signals. • By shrinking transistors, designers can squeeze more transistors into a chip.
  • 16.
    Nanoscale Materials Nanowires andNanotubes • Lateral dimension: 1 – 100 nm • Nanowires and nanotubes exhibit novel physical, electronic and optical properties due to – Two dimensional quantum confinement – Structural one dimensionality – High surface to volume ratio • Potential application in wide range of nanodevices and systems – Nanoscale sensors and actuators – Photovoltaic devices – solar cells Nanowire Solar Cell: The – Transistors, diodes and LASERs nanowires create a surface that is able to absorb more sunlight than a flat surface – McMaster Univ., 2008
  • 17.
    Nanoelectronics • Nanoelectronics refer to the use of nanotechnology on electronic components, especially transistors. Although the  term nanotechnology is generally defined as utilizing technology less than 100 nm in size, nanoelectronics often refer to transistor devices that are so  small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties  need to be studied extensively.  • Besides being small and allowing more transistors to be packed into a  single chip, the uniform and symmetrical structure of nanotubes allows a  higher electron mobility, a higher dielectric constant (faster frequency),  and a symmetrical electron/ hole characteristic.
  • 18.
    CARBON-BASED SENSORS ANDELECTRONICS • Carbon nanomaterials such as one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional (2D) graphene have emerged as promising options  due to their superior electrical properties which allow for fabrication of faster and more power-efficient electronics.  • At the same time their high surface to volume ratio combined with their excellent mechanical properties has rendered them a robust and highly sensitive building block for nanosensors
  • 19.
    CARBON-BASED SENSORS A true example of nanotechnology: an  array of individually addressable  vertically-aligned carbon nanofibers for  sensing applications at the nanoscale. For  comparison, a single human hair is 1000  times thicker than any of the nanofibers in  the image. 
  • 20.
    Graphene transistor • In 2004, it was shown for the  first time that a single sheet of  carbon atoms packed in a  honeycomb crystal lattice can be  isolated from graphite and is  stable at room temperature. The new nanomaterial, which is called graphene, allows electrons to move at an extraordinarily high speed. This  property, together with its  intrinsic nature of being one- atom-thick, can be exploited to  fabricate field-effect transistors A layer of graphene acts as the conducting  that are faster and smaller. channel in a field-effect transistor
  • 21.
    Carbon Nanotube Electronics • When a layer of graphene is rolled into a tube, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) is formed. Consequently, SWNTs inherit the attractive electronic properties of graphene but their cylindrical structure makes  them a more readily available option for forming the channel in field-effect  transistors. Such transistors possess an electron mobility superior to their silicon-based counterpart and allow for larger current densities while  dissipating the heat generated from their operation more efficiently.  • During the last decade, carbon nanotube-based devices have advanced  beyond single transistors to include more complex systems such as logic  gates and radio-frequency components
  • 22.
  • 23.
    Carbon-based Nanosensors • In addition to the exceptional  electrical properties of graphene and  carbon nanotubes, their excellent thermal conductivity, high mechanical robustness, and very large surface to volume ratio make them superior materials for fabrication of electromechanical and electrochemical sensors with higher sensitivities, lower limits of detection, and faster response time.  A good example is the carbon nanotube-based mass sensor that can detect changes in mass caused  by a single gold atom adsorbing on  its surface Any additional gold atom that adsorbs on the surface of a  vibrating carbon nanotube would change its resonance  frequency which is further detected 
  • 24.
    MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS • Recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have  provided the opportunity to use single molecules, or a tiny assembly of them, as the main building blocks of an electronic circuit. This, combined with the  developed tools of molecular synthesis to engineer  basic properties of molecules, has enabled the  realisation of novel functionalities beyond the scope  of traditional solid state devices.
  • 25.
    Single Molecule MemoryDevice • A modern memory device, in its most common  implementation, stores each bit of data by charging up a tiny capacitor. The continuous downscaling of electronic circuits,  in this context, translates to storing less charge in a smaller  capacitor.  • As memory device dimensions approach the nanometer range, the capacitor can be replaced by a single organic molecule such as Ferrocene, whose oxidation state can be  altered by moving an electron into or out of the molecule
  • 26.
    Single Molecule MemoryDevice A neutral Ferrocene molecule is  An electron tunnels to the  The positively charged  attached to a nanoelectrode  nanoelectrode by the  Ferrocene molecule  representing a “0” state application of an external  represents a “1” state electrical field
  • 27.
  • 28.
    Organic Transistor OdourSensor • Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are a good example of the  scope of traditional electronic devices  being augmented by the chemical  reactivity of an organic semiconductor  material in their channel.  • In an odour sensor, the nano-scale chemical reactions upon exposure of the device to a certain atmospheric condition modify the electronic properties of the organic semiconducting material which is further reflected by a change in the current flowing through the transistor
  • 29.
    QUANTUM COMPUTING       The excitement in the field of  quantum computing was  triggered in 1994 by Peter Shor who showed how a quantum algorithm could exponentially speed up a classical computation. Such algorithms  are implemented in a device that  makes direct use of quantum  mechanical phenomena such as  entanglement and superposition.       Since the physical laws that govern the behaviour of a system at the atomic scale are Quantum computing chip: the two black squares are  inherently quantum mechanical the quantum bits or qubits, the processing centre; the  in nature, nanotechnology has meandering line at the centre is the quantum bus; and  emerged as the most the lateral meandering lines are the quantum memory  appropriate tool to realise quantum computers
  • 30.
    SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR      In contrast to common transistors, where  the  switching  action  requires  thousands  of  electrons,  a single electron transistor needs only one electron to change from the insulating to the conducting state.  Such  transistors  can  potentially  deliver  very  high device density and power efficiency with remarkable operational speed.  In  order  to implement single electron transistors, extremely small metallic islands with sub-100 nm dimensions have to be fabricated. These islands, which are referred to as quantum dots,  can  be  fabricated  by  employing  processes  made  available  by  A single electron transistor in a surface  the advances in nanotechnology acoustic wave echo chamber
  • 31.
    SPINTRONICS       Similar to electrical charge, spin is another  fundamental property of matter. While  conventional electronic devices rely on the  transport of electrical charge carriers, the  emerging technology of spintronics employs the spin of electrons to encode and transfer information. Spintronics has the potential to deliver nanoscale memory and logic devices which process information faster, consume less power, and store more data in less space. The extension of the hard disk capacities to the gigabyte and the terabyte ranges was the main achievement of spintronics by taking advantage of Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR) and Tunnel Magneto-Resistance (TMR) effects which are effective only at the nano scale A close-up look at a hard disk drive improved  with the Giant Magneto-Resistance technology
  • 32.
    NANO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (NEMS) •  All electronic tools have one thing in common: an integrated circuit (IC) acting as their “brain”. The extent to which this “brain” has  influenced our lives has already been tremendous but what if its decision- making capability is augmented by “eyes” and “arms”? Nano-electro- mechanical systems have evolved during the last 10 years to make this  dream come true by creating sensors (“eyes”) and actuators (“arms”) at  the same scale as the accompanying nanoelectronics.  • Recent developments in synthesis of nanomaterials with excellent electrical and mechanical properties have extended the boundaries of NEMS applications to include more advanced devices such as the non- volatile nano-electro-mechanical memory, where information is transferred and stored through a series of electrical and mechanical actions at the nanoscale.
  • 34.
    Nanochip − Currently available microprocessors use resolutions as small as 32 nm − Houses up to a billion transistors in a single chip − MEMS based nanochips have future capability of 2 nm cell leading to 1TB memory per chip A MEMS based nanochip – Nanochip Inc., 2006
  • 35.
    Light Emitting Diode Organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology uses substances that emit red, green, blue or white light. Without any other source of illumination, OLED materials present bright, clear video and images that are easy to see at almost any angle. OLED displays stack up several thin layers of materials. They operate on the attraction between positively and negatively charged particles. When voltage is applied, one layer becomes negatively charged relative to another transparent layer. As energy passes from the negatively charged (cathode) layer to the other (anode) layer, it stimulates organic material between the two, which emits light visible through an outermost layer of glass.
  • 36.
    Intel Celleron Processor Intel entered the nanotechnology era in 2000 when it began volume production of chips with sub- 100nm length transistors. Intel believes that the future of nanotechnology is silicon based; the company has a major effort in this area, both in-house and through external research programs.
  • 37.
    iPod Nano Inside the iPod Nano are memory chips from Samsung and Toshiba. Samsung, the biggest producer of NAND and DRAM flash memory chips in the world, uses semiconductor manufacturing methods with precision below 100 nanometers. This precision, in part, is what enables the iPod Nano's 4 GB NAND flash memory.
  • 38.
    SED Display  The Suface-conductor Electron-emitter Display (SED) based on a new type of flat- panel display technology, was created through the merging of Canon's proprietary electron-emission and microfabrication technologies with Toshiba's CRT technology and mass-production technologies for liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and semiconductors. Like conventional CRTs, SEDs utilize the collision of electrons with a phosphor-coated screen to emit light. Electron emitters, which correspond to an electron gun in a CRT, are distributed in an amount equal to the number of pixels on the display.
  • 39.
    Notebook Computers The Q40 also incorporates Samsung's Silver Nano technology and is compliant with RoHS standards that restrict the use of hazardous substances. For extra peace of mind, it also carries the Samsung ECO Mark, certifying that the Q40 uses eco-friendly components and packing materials, and promotes power saving.  Silver Nano technology takes advantage of the anti-bacteria properties of silver to protect computer users from potentially harmful germs, molds and bacteria. It is applied as a high-tech coating on the Q40's keyboard and palm rest.
  • 40.
    Keyboard & Mouse IOGEAR's Wireless Keyboard and Optical Mouse combo is coated with a Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Silver (Ag) nano- particle compound. The coating uses two mechanisms to deactivate enzymes and proteins of bacteria from surviving on the surface of the product. The compound has been tested and proven effective against various bacteria.
  • 41.
    XBOX The chipfeatures a customized version of IBM's industry leading 64-bit PowerPC core. The chip includes three of these cores, each with two simultaneous threads and clock speeds greater than 3 GHz.  It features 165 million transistors fabricated using IBM's 90 nanometer Silicon on Insulator (SOI) technology to reduce heat and improve performance.
  • 42.
    Organic Electroluminescent Display Made of nanostructured polymer films, OLED screens emit their own light and are lighter, smaller and more energy efficient than conventional liquid crystal displays. OEL were introduced to the world by Pioneer in 1999, and head units have never looked the same since. OEL displays, featured in select Premier and Pioneer models, have some intensely great advantages over normal displays, namely: you can read the display from wide angles and even in bright sunlight (what a concept!). Since it’s easier to read, it’s also easier to control, and you can keep your eyes on the road longer. It's a self-emitting device, so there’s no need for backlighting and it’s really efficient to operate.
  • 43.
    Lithium-Ion Battery The new battery fuses Toshiba's latest advances in nano-material technology for the electric devices sector with cumulative know-how in manufacturing lithium-ion battery cells. A breakthrough technology applied to the negative electrode uses new nano- particles to prevent organic liquid electrolytes from reducing during battery recharging. The nano-particles quickly absorb and store a vast amount of lithium ions, without causing any deterioration in the electrode.
  • 44.
    Sensors We apply nanotechnology during sensor development, enabling us to minimize sensor size and increase unit pixels integrated into a limited area. This produces higher density as well as lower power consumption, so as to improve the vulnerability of previous image sensors in mobile phones.
  • 45.
    Nanolasers Nanolasers The complex interactionbetween light and nanometer structures, like wires, has possibilities as new technology for devices and sensors. Researchers are studying light emission from a semiconductor nanowire- typically 10-100 nanometers wide and a few micrometers long-which functions as a laser. Lasers made from arrays of these wires have many potential applications in communications and sensing for NASA.
  • 46.
    AN ENGINEERED DNASTRAND  An engineered DNA strand between metal atom contacts could function as a molecular electronics device. Such molecules and nanostructures are expected to revolutionize electronics. Understanding the complex quantum physics involved via simulation guides design.
  • 47.
    • Onboard computingsystems for future autonomous intelligent vehicles - powerful, compact, low power consumption, radiation hard • High performance computing (Tera- and Peta-flops) - processing satellite data - integrated space vehicle engineering - climate modeling • Revolutionary computing technologies • Smart, compact sensors, ultrasmall probes • Advanced miniaturization of all systems • Microspacecraft • 'Thinking' spacecraft • Micro-, nano-rovers for planetary exploration • Novel materials for future spacecraft
  • 48.
    NASA Nanotechnology Roadmap C A P A B I L I T Y Multi-Functional Materials Adaptive Autonomous Self-Repairing Revolutionary Spacecraft Space Missions Aircraft Concepts (40% less mass) Reusable (30% less mass, High Strength Launch Vehicle 20% less emission, (20% less mass, Bio-Inspired Materials Materials 25% increased and Processes (>10 GPa) 20% less noise) range) Increasing levels of system design and integration • Single-walled • Nanotube • Integral • Smart “skin” • Biomimetic Materials nanotube fibers composites thermal/shape materials material control systems • Low-Power CNT • Molecular • Fault/radiation • Nano electronic • Biological Electronics/ electronic computing/data tolerant “brain” for space computing computing components storage electronics Exploration • In-space • Nano flight • Quantum • Integrated • NEMS flight Sensors, s/c nanoprobes system navigation nanosensor systems @ 1 µW components components sensors systems 2002 2004 2006 2011 2016 >
  • 49.
    Nanoelectronics and ComputingRoadmap Impact on Space Transportation, Space Science and Earth Science 2002 2005 2010 2015 hν e- Sensor Web Mission Complexity Robot Colony Nano-electronic components Europa Sub Ultra high density storage RLV Biomimetic, radiation resistant Biological Molecules molecular computing CNT Devices Compute Capacity
  • 50.
    Nanosensor Roadmap Impact on Space Transportation, HEDS, Space Science and Astrobiology 2002 2005 2010 2015 Optical Sensors for Synthetic Vision 2020 Sensor Web Mission Complexity Nanotube Vibration Sensor for Propulsion Diagnostics Mars Robot Colony Multi-sensor Bi Arrays (Chemical, os Europa Sub e optical and bio) ns or s Sharp CJV Spacestation Nanopore for in situ 2003 biomark-sensor ISPP Missions too early Sensor Capacity 1999 for nanotechnology DSI RAX impact
  • 51.
    Nano-Materials Roadmap Impact on Space Transportation, Space Science and HEDS 2002 2005 2010 2015 Generation 3 RLV HEDS Habitats Mission Complexity CNT Tethers SELF-HEALING MATERIALS RLV Cryo Tanks SO - H SO - H SO - H + + + 3 3 3 C a++ - SO3 Ca++ - SO3 - SO3 Ca++ - SO3 Production of - SO3 Ca++ SO3 - Non-tacky temperature Tacky single CNT SELF-ASSEMBLING MATERIALS NANOTUBE MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITES MATERIALS Strong Smart Structures Nanotextiles CNT = Carbon Nanotubes
  • 52.
    NANOCOMPUTERS A Nanocomputer isa computer whose fundamental components measure only a few nanometers(<100nm) -Minimum feature size on todays state-of-the-art commercial integrated circuits measure about 350nm -Over 10,000 nanocomputer components could fit in the area of a single modern microcomputer component -Could dramatically increase computing speed & density
  • 53.
    NANOCOMPUTERS Main difference isone of physical scale  More and more transistors are squeezed into silicon chips with each passing year.  To further decrease the size the concept “Nanolithography” will be needed.  Nanolithography is used to create microscopic circuit as is it the art & science of etching,writing or printing at microscopic level where the dim of char are in order of nanometer.
  • 54.
    Nanoelectronics: Applications underDevelopment Researchers are looking into the following nanoelectronics projects:  Building transistors from carbon nanotubes to enable minimum transistor dimensions of a few nanometers and developing techniques to manufacture integrated circuits built with nanotube transistors.  Using electrodes made from nanowires that would enable flat panel displays to be flexible as well as thinner than current flat panel displays.  Transistors built in single atom thick graphene film to enable very high speed transistors.  Combining gold nanoparticles with organic molecules to create a transistor known as a NOMFET(Nanoparticle Organic memory Field-Effect Transistor).  Using carbon nanotubes to direct electrons to illuminate pixels, resulting in a lightweight, millimeter thick “nanoemissive display panel”.  Using quantum dots to replace the fluorescent dots used in current displays. Displays using quantum dots should be simpler to make than current displays as well as use less power.  Making integrated circuits with features that can be measured in nanometers (nm), such as the process that allows the production of integrated circuits with 22nm wide transistor gates.
  • 55.
    Nanoelectronics: Applications underDevelopment  Using nanosized magnetic rings to make Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory(MRAM) which research has indicated may allow memory density of 400GB per square inch.  Developing Molecular-sized Transistors which may allow us to shrink the width of transistor gates to approximately one nm which will significantly increase transistor density in integrated circuits.  Using Self-aligning nanostructures to manufacture nanoscale integrated circuits.  Using nanowires to build transistors without p-n junctions.  Using buckyballs to build dense, low power memory devices.  Using Magnetic Quantum dots in spintronic semiconductor devices. Spintronic devices are expected to be significantly higher density and lower power consumption because they measure the spin of electronics to determine a 1 or 0, rather than measuring groups of electronics as done in current semiconductor devices.  Using nanowires made of an alloy of iron and nickel to create dense memory devices. By applying a current magnetized sections along the length of the wire. As the magnetized sections move along the wire, the data is read by a stationary sensor. This method is called Race track memory.  Using silver nanowires embedded in a polymer to make conductive layers that can flex, without damaging the conductor.
  • 56.
    Research Challenges Nano technologybrings on new challenges • Existing tools for investigations at the atomic level are expensive to acquire and maintain • New research tools need to be developed to explore the nano realm • Specialized facilities are required to maintain the cleanliness need for nano technology • A new infrastructure might be required for the equipment yet-to-be-developed
  • 57.
    Summary • There aremany opportunities to incorporate nano technologies into innovative products • Fundamental research is required to understand the potential applications of the properties of nano materials • Future high tech products will incorporate the advantages of nano-materials • From the national interests, it is important for researchers to continue to push the understanding of nano technology
  • 58.
    Conclusions • Building fromSemiconductor provides ability to coordinate industry, university, and infrastructure roles in developing “nano” in more than electronics • Tools and facilities for nano are expensive • Nano-technology requires being on the leading edge of developments including equipment • Infrastructure development must be sustained • Continual evaluation of “weak” links is required
  • 60.
    Thanks for yourattention