Nanotechnology a different approach

NANOTECHNOLOGY

THE SMALLER WORLD
THE SMALLER WORLD
THE SMALLER WORLD
THE SMALLER WORLD
THE SMALLER WORLD
THE SMALLER WORLD

Things that you would have heard with the word ‘nano’
most often…

Our Most famous Tata nano

IPod nano

Well.. So what is so nano about
all these stuffs?

Nothing at all….!!!!

SO WHAT IS NANO?
NANO IS A GREEK WORD MEANING EXTREMELY SMALL !

A nanometer is one billionth of a meter!!!

A human hair is 100000nm in
thickness!

Nanotechnology deals
with sizes from 1-100nm
range

What is nanotechnology?

According to new ISO working definition
Nanotechnology is the application of scientific knowledge to
control and use of matter at the nanoscale, where size
related phenomena and processes may occur

In simple words …
Its making small stuffs do big things

Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing or, more
simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with
programmed nanoscopic robot arms

It is a science of assembling things atom by atom or molecule by
molecule

What if we are able to rearrange atoms?

Coal---- diamond

Sand---- computer chips

Healthy you--- hospitalized you

How it started?... The buzzword
nanotechnology

Richard Feynman said …”there’s plenty of room at the bottom” in December 1959

Feynman announced a prize of $1000 to anyone who
1) Is able to built a motor small enough to fit in 1/64’’*1/64’’*1/64’’* space
2)Is able to write a page of text with letters so small enough for the
encyclopedia Britannica to be printed on a pin head.

Richard
From there starts the Feynman prize series.. Feynman

1st one goes to Bill Mc lellan who made the motor with his really good
hands
2nd Feynman prize : in 1985 – Tom Newman @ STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Used e-beam lithography to write ‘a tale of two cities’ at the length
requested by Feynman

It continues until Today ..
IBM Research Team Wins Coveted Feynman Prize for
Advancing Scanning Probe Microscopy( 15th Jan 2013)

Richard E smalley working @ RICE university came up with the most
famous Bucky ball , the Buckminster fullerene carbon C 60 molecule
1986

He received the
Nobel prize in
chemistry in the
year 1996

C60 molecule- football
the buckyball

S 1959
Feynman gives after-dinner talk describing molecular machines building with atomic precision

h 1974
Taniguchi uses term "nano-technology" in paper on ion-sputter machining

o
1977
Drexler originates molecular nanotechnology concepts at MIT
1981
r First technical paper on molecular engineering to build with atomic precision
STM invented
t 1985
Buckyball discovered
1986
First book published
AFM invented
h First organization formed
1987
i First protein engineered
First university symposium

s 1988
First university course

t
1989
IBM logo spelled in individual atoms
First national conference
o DNA-based 'robotic' assembly begins
r Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology awarded for work in single atom manipulations and atomic
switches, and for development of quantum mechanical methods for theoretical predictions of

y
molecules and solids
2011molecular robots learn to walk in any direction along a branched track
Mechanical manipulation of silicon dimers on a silicon surface

ALCHEMY ………….>>>> che’mystery’>>>CHEMISTRY

An fuzzy
thing..
Unclear ..
unknowns

Chemistry:
(mixing, boili
ng, cooling
etc. etc.

Dealing with
atoms in
more
approximate
ways

The Launchpad for nanotechnology

Powerful tools
1.SCANNING TUNNELLING MICROSCOPE
(STM)

Its inventors Gred Binnig & Heinrich Rohmer won
Nobel prize in 1986

2.ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE(AFM)
inventors

3. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE
4.TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
5. And many more developed in recent years

We have the tools .. But How to create nanostructures employing these tools???

First transistor invented by William-
Winners of Nobel prize in 1956
shockley, bardeen, brattain in the
Christmas eve of 1947

Nanomaterials:
1.Buckyball , C60 molecule
2.Nanotubes
3.Graphene

What is
Graphene?

And what about
carbon
nanotubes?

Applications of nanotechnology
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS: a) drug delivery b)therapy techniques c) diagnostic
techniques
e)anti-microbial techniques f) cell repair

Cosmetic applications

Cosmetic creams have
nanoparticles in it such as
SiO2,TiO2 etc.

These absorb the harmful UV
radiation thus protecting the
skin

It helps in useful delivery of
nutrients into the skin

Applications related to Graphene

Its very strong – an atom thickness__> elephant
Graphite – conductor but Graphene is not hence they have power to revolutionize
solid state physics
High speed low noise transistors are possible because Graphene has high e-
mobility
It’s a 2-D structure with high breaking strength 200 times more durable than steel
98% transparency
Incredibly flexible
Uses touch screens, flexible mobiles, TV’s, display monitors and many more….

Carbon nanotubes: ( it’s a wonderful thing)

Graphene (sheet) A Carbon nanotube (1-2nm width)
 Perhaps the strongest material we will ever have in the universe!
(hence lighter and stronger aircrafts, space crafts etc. can be built)
 Conducts electricity much better than any other metals ( Cu, Al, Ag etc.)
 1 single nanotube 1nm in diameter can carry 50µA of current
 1µm dia2000A of current ( which is carried by 1cm Cu wire today) !!!
 100’s of millions of amps can be carried very easily if we use this material
 It works well with any temperature ranges ( low , medium, high )

SOME OTHER APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN OUR EVERYDAY LIFE

 if you stretch out an arm you'll almost certainly be able to grab something that
employs nanotechnology
 you might also be breathing in nanoparticles that have been around for many years.
 "Nature is all about nanoscale structures. It starts with the cell"
 Silk is a prime example of naturally occurring nanotechnology
 Nanostructures on the surface of lotus leaves repel water
 This "lotus effect" is the basis behind self-cleaning windows
 "There are things we've been using for a long time which contain nanosize
components, like the lasers in DVD and CD players“
 From the clothes and sunglasses you wear to computer hard drives and even cleaning
products, nanotechnology – often inspired by the natural world – plays a big part in
the manufacture of many familiar products
 coated on the surface of your plane ( aeroplane or flight) to reduce drag.
 it is impossible not to encounter technology based on the manipulation of the very
small.

Nanotechnology drives our future

The nano revolution!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Nanotechnology a different approach

Nanotechnology a different approach

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