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Nanotechnology in medicine
- 1. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE PRESENTATION BY CYNTHIASAMUEL ACHARYA BANGALORE B SCHOOL
- 2. Contents: 1. Introduction 2. History 3.Nano medicine 4. Nano biopharmaceutics 5. Nasal vaccination 6. Carbon nanotubes 7. Nano robots 8. Advantages of nanotechnology 9. Disadvantages of nanotechnology 10. Future challenges
- 3. NANOTECHNOLOGY? • Nanotechnology isthe study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. • Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometres. • The branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.
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- 7. Nanomedicine The term Nanomedicinerefers to the application of nanotechnology to diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It deals with the interactions of nanomaterials (surfaces, particles, etc.) or analytical nanodevices with “living” human material (cells, tissue, body fluids). It is an extremely large field ranging from in vivo and in vitro diagnostics to therapy including targeted delivery and regenerative medicine.
- 8. Targeted drug delivery •Many researchers attach ethylene glycol molecules to nanoparticles that deliver therapeutic drugs to cancer tumours.The ethylene glycol molecules stop white blood cells from recognizing the nanoparticles as foreign materials, allowing them to circulate in the blood stream long enough to attach to cancer tumours. • They are coating nanoparticles containing therapeutic drugs with membranes from red blood cells and have shown that these nanoparticles will circulate in a mouse's blood stream for almost two days
- 9. Nano Biopharmaceutics • "NanoBiopharmaceutics” aims at break through advances in novel biopharmaceutics delivery system for the treatment of diabetes, cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. • Nano carrier-based protein/peptide (P/P) delivery systems for respiratory and oral delivery and blood brain barrier (BBB) delivery crossing applications are developed within this allowing a targeted and controlled release of the drugs.
- 10. Nasal Vaccination Vaccinationis the most effective way of fighting infectious diseases like HIV, malaria, influenza, etc. Among the potential needle-free routes, nasal vaccination is particularly attractive. The nose is easily accessible (i.e., administration via drops or sprays) and the nasal cavity is equipped with a high density of dendritic cells (DC) that can mediate strong systemic and local immune responses against pathogens that invade the human body through the respiratory tract. Sagittal section of human nasal cavity
- 11. Carbon nanotubes • CNTsare promising needle-like carriers of both small drug molecules as well as macromolecules such as genes and proteins. • The needle-like shape of the CNTs enables them to perforate cellular membranes and transport the carried therapeutic molecules to the cellular components. This process is thought to take place via endocytosis. • CNTs as Carriers of Immunoactive Compounds, Proteins, and Genetic Materials
- 12. Nanobots • A nanorobotis an extremely small robot that is designed to perform specific tasks at the nanoscale dimension of few nanometres.
- 16. • Treatment &Diagnosis of Diabetes: To maintain the human metabolism, glucose molecules are carried through the bloodstream. To determine the need for injecting insulin inside the body, glucose monitoring nanorobots uses the chemosensor. • Dentistry: For dental treatment, the nanorobots used are dentirobots which induce desensitise tooth, oral analgesia, straighten irregular set of teeth.
- 17. • Deliver thedrug: Nanorobots used for drug delivery are Pharmacytes which will transport the drug to the targeted point. The dosage of the drug will be loaded into the payload of the pharmacyte. • Surgery: Surgical nanorobots can act as a semi-autonomous onsite surgeon will perform various functions such as diagnosing, detection of pathology, correcting lesions by nanomanipulation etc. • Cancer Detection & treatment: Nanorobots are made up of a mixture of protein & a polymer known as transferrin which is capable of detecting tumour cells. These robots kill the cancer cells without damaging the healthy cells which will lead to hair loss, nausea etc. • Gene Therapy: Genetic disease can be treated by nanorobots by comparing the molecular structure of both proteins & DNA found in the cell.
- 18. ADVANTAGES OF NONETECHNOLOGY 1.Better prevention tools 2. Better diagnostics 3. Better imaging methods 4. Better targeting of cancer cells 5. Quality of Life Enhancement in Cancer Care 6. Improved knowledge about health and disease 7. Reduced costs with some diagnostic tests
- 19. DISADVANTAGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 1.Side effects 2. Expensive 3. Potential for short-term efficacy 4. Challenges associated with the sophistication of the technology 5. Nanotechnology may be advancing so fast that its use may outpace efforts to ensure its safety 6. Nanotechnology may be so small that in some instances the body might clear them too rapidly to be effective 7. The precision of nanotechnology is a challenge
- 20. Future Challenges Targeteddelivery schemes that accumulate the therapeutic agent specifically on the diseased cells for cancer treatment. Targeted agents able to deliver a drug that stabilizes the atheromatic plaque and prevents rupturing. Delivery of NPs that selectively attach to stem cell niches and release local stimulating factors for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Nanocarriers with special surface properties able to cross the blood- brain-barrier (BBB) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Non-parenteral formulations of NPs containing insulin.
- 21. References • http://www.trynano.org/about/history-nanotechnology • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321747623_NANOTECHNOLOGY_FOR_CANCER_TH ERAPY_RECENT_DEVELOPMENTS •https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51746898_Carbon_Nanotubes_in_Cancer_Therapy_a nd_Drug_Delivery • https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition • http://triotree.com/blog/nanorobots-introduction-and-its-medical-applications/ • http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/advantages-and-disadvantages-of- nanotechnology/#axzz58JXo3z1P • http://cisncancer.org/research/new_treatments/nanotechnology/promise.html • http://www.understandingnano.com/nanotechnology-drug-delivery.html