Nanotechnology in medicine
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1. The document discusses the use of nanotechnology in various medical applications including drug discovery, delivery, and tissue engineering. 2. Nanoparticles, nanotubes, and other nanostructures are being used to develop more targeted drug therapies and more effective medical implants and devices. 3. Nanotechnology is also discussed as having applications in surgery, diagnostics, and cancer treatment by enabling earlier detection and more precise interventions.
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Nanotechnology in medicine
- 1. Seminar Year 2 Block 3 Supervisor : Prof Anil Kumar Saxena Presenters : 1. Balqis Binti Busrah (1110940) 2. Nur Asyraf Binti Liah (1110428) 3. Fatin Farha Binti Mohd Saifuddin (1119444) 4. Muhammad Bazli Aminuddin (1119349) 5. Mohd Al-Fateh Bin Shayuthy (1114523) 6. Sahal Bin Sharir (1019123)
- 2. INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is a part of science and technology about the manipulation of matter on atomic and molecular size. Nano is just a prefix of small scale size in which 1 nano=10^-9 metres. Meanwhile, technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Nano is very small in which it is the same size as virus and DNA. However. A piece of hair and red blood cell are too big to be considered as nano. Nanomedicine is medical application in range of nanomaterials and nanobiosensor. It is the idea of Richard Feymen who describe the importance of decreasing the size of object so that people can do many things in this scale. Dr. Drexler propose the idea of nanoscale assembler which would be able to build a copy of itself into a complex, atomic specification by means of mechano synthesis.
- 3. Nanotechnology arise from the invention of scanning tunneling microscope which is the tool to see nanostructure. If you want to take a look at a sample of substrate, you can take sharp metallic tip, scan over the sample. Then, apply a voltage and there will be current flow between the tip and the substrate. By using this current as a signal, then you can see the substrate down to atomic level. Fullerene is any molecule compose entirely of carbon in the form of hollow sphere or tubes. Spherical fullerene is also called ‘bucky ball’ made up from graphite structure. If you roll it, you will get ‘bucky tubes’ or carbon nanotubes. Depending on how you roll it, you will get different chirality of the tubes. The importance of it is that we can get powerful and faster transistor with a small size.
- 4. TOOL AND TECHNIQUE 1. Bottom up technique:- tool used: - Dual Polarization interferometry - Molecular Beam Epitaxy Mechanism 2. Top down technique:- tool used: - Atomic force microscopy of work - Scanning tunneling microscope Nano materials 1. Fullerene – how it is made? 2. Inorganic nanoparticle: made up of what? Properties interested such as mechanical, optical, magnetic, chemical and electrical when we change the structure from bulk size to nanosize.. Nanostructure – made up of different structures such sphere, tube, crystal, and shell that thus make their name nanosphere, nanotube, nanocrystal, and nanoshell. - Some function of different structure.
- 6. NANOTECH IN DRUG DISCOVERY, DELIVERY, AND TISSUE ENGINEERING • Impact in Drug Discovery : Nanosphere, Solution Arrays, Nanobiosensors On going research : Influence in tissue engineering • Impact in Drug Delivery : Nanoneedles, Nano-electro Mechanical Systems, Fullerenes, Nanocapsules, Nanoshells, Nanoporous materials, Dendrimers On going research : Future nanoparticles • Impact in Tissue Engineering : Molecular Imprinting Technique, Building of Binding sites for specific protein On going research : Complete human organs printing
- 7. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN IMPLANTS • Two types of implants : Passive and active • Passive implants include bone, dental, knee-joint and hip-joint implant. • Nanophase material such as titanium and nanocoatings such as nanocrystalline diamonds are used in passive implants to strengthen the devices and proved beneficial. • Active implants include cochlear, retinal and neural implants as well as pacemakers. • Electrodes nanocoatings such as polypyrrole/NT3 and PEDOT coatings have been used in active implants to promote neuron growth and efficacy. • Carbon nanotubes have been used to replace or annex axons in active implants. • Wavy piezoelectric nanoribbons have been used to prolong battery life in pacemakers.
- 8. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SURGERY Nanotechnology helps minimize mistakes, provide efficacy and better surgical act. Nanocoatings on surgical blades and catheters, nanotweezers as well as femtosecond lasers are some of the examples of application of nanotechnology. Nanorobots have not been implemented yet but it is believed to enhance the field of surgery in the future.
- 9. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS Biochips 1. Array Technology 2. Lab on Chip 3. Cell Chip Imaging 1. Low toxic effect 2. Earlier disease detection
- 10. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER Molecular imaging and early detection of cancer In vivo imaging improvement Report compliance of patient towards cancer therapy Help in creating multifunctional therapeutic alternatives Opportunity for cancer prevention and control Research enabler for future improvement
- 11. CONCLUSION Challenges - Cost and manufacturing - Consumer perception Islamic input - Seek the knowledge - Don’t do damage on earth - Human can’t be immortal