Nanotechnology & its application (By- Saquib Khan)

Nanotechnology & its application (By- Saquib Khan)

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  By- SAQUIB KHAN B.TECH.MECHANICAL FirstYear INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY
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  Definition Nanotechnology is theability to understand, control, and manipulate matter at the level of individual atoms and molecules as well as at the “supramolecular level” involving clusters of molecules, in order to create materials, devices, and systems with fundamentally new properties and functions because of their small structure. The definition implies using the same principles and tools to establish a unifying platform for science and engineering at the nanoscale, and employing the atomic and molecular interactions to develop efficient manufacturing method National Science Foundation (NSF) National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
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  History The ideas andconcepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started by physicist Richard Feynman. Feynman described a process in which scientists would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules.
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  Nanoscience Applications  MEDICINE COMPUTERS  ELECTRONICS  MOBILE  FABRICS  ENERGY  TEXTILE  MILITARY
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  Nanotechnology in Medicines Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right location in the body and release drug doses on a predetermined schedule for optimal treatment.  Gold nanoparticles can be used to detect early-stage Alzheimer’s disease.  We can prevent blindness by treating glaucoma using nano particale eye drops.  Nanobots can clear the blockage in arteries.  Nanotechnology has been used in the early diagnosis of atherosclerosis, or the buildup of plaque in arteries. Researchers have developed an imaging technology to measure the amount of an antibody-nanoparticle complex that accumulates specifically in plaque. Clinical scientists are able to monitor the development of plaque as well as its disappearance following treatment (see image).
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  Before (left) andafter (right) picture of atherosclerotic placque in a mouse artery. Placque accumulation is shown in this image by the increasing intensity of color, from blue to yellow and red. (Image courtesy of M. Nahrendorf, MGH Center for Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School)
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  Nanotechnology in Computers The silicon transistors in your computer may be replaced by transistors based on carbon nanotubes.  A carbon nanotube is a molecule in form of a hollow cylinder with a diameter of around a nanometer which consists of pure carbon.  Nanorods is a upcoming technology in the displays techniques due to less consumption of electricity and less heat emission.  Size of the microprocessors are reduced to greater extend.  Researchers at North Carolina State University says that growing arrays of magnetic nanoparticles, called nanodots.
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   Nanotechnology inMemory and Storage .This is a 2 gigabyte hard drive. It weighs about 70 pounds. It was first used in the 1980s. Its cost at that time ranged from $80,000 to $140,000.  Current research shows that by using nanotechnology, 1 000 GB of memory can fit on the head of this pin. 1000 GB is 1 Terabyte.
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  Nanotechnology in Electronics Electrodes made from nanowires enable flat panel displays to be flexible as well as thinner than current flat panel displays.  Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) enabled by nanometer‐scale magnetic tunnel junctions that can quickly and effectively save even encrypted data during a system shutdown or crash, enable resume‐play features, and gather vehicle accident data.
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  Nanotechnology in Mobile A nanotechnology concept device developed by Nokia Research Center (NRC) and the University of Cambridge (UK).  Nanoscale electronics also allow stretching. Nokia envisage that a nanoscale mesh of fibers will allow our mobile devices to be bent, stretched and folded into any number of conceivable shapes.
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  Nanotechnology in Fabrics The properties of familiar materials are being changed by manufacturers who are adding nano-sized components to conventional materials to improve performance.  For example, some clothing manufacturers are making water and stain repellent clothing using nano- sized whiskers in the fabric that cause water to bead up on the surface.  In manufacturing bullet proof jackets.
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  Nanotechnology in Energy Energy applications of nanotechnology .An important subfield of nanotechnology related to energy is nanofabrication.Nanofabrication.  Prototype solar panels incorporating nanotechnology are more efficient than standard designs in converting sunlight to electricity, promising inexpensive solar power in the future.  New solar panel films incorporate nanoparticles to create lightwieght, flexible solar cells. (Image courtesy of Nanosys)
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  Nanotechnlogy in Textiles Textiles:- The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain- repellent or wrinkle-free. Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures. Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full- surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.
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  Nanotechnology in Military Military By using nanotechnology, the military would be able to create sensor systems that could detect biological agents. Nanoparticles can be injected into the material on soldiers’ uniforms to not only make the material more durable, but also to protect soldiers from many different dangers such as high temperatures, impacts and chemicals.
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  Conclusion  As aconclusion to this topic I would like to say that Nanotechnology is a brand new technology that has just began, it is a revolutionary science that will change all what we knew before. This new technology will first of all, keep us healthy because of Nano robots that will repair every damage that we have in our body Nanotechnology covers a lot of domains today and will cover a lot more in the near future, it is infinitely big and will make a lot of inventions come true .
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  Reference www.wikipedia.com/nanotechnoloy www.nano.gov/nanotech-101 www.nanotechgroup.org www.nano.gov/ you/nanotechnology-benefits www.nanostart.de/index.php/en/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-information/610- schneller-sparsamer-robuster- nanotechnologie-in-computer-handy-a-co www.slideshare.net www.googlescholar.com/ application of nanotechnology
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  Thank You… By- SAQUIBKHAN