Nanotechnology(s5)

Nanotechnology
Aditya Engineering college
Civil-B

Members:-
 M.Sivaram
 Sk. Khalid
 B.Gowtam Pradeep
 I.Pradeepa
 N.Suhitha

Contents:-
 Introduction
 Nano Scale
 New Materials: Nanomaterials
 Applications
 Conclusion
 Any Queries!

Introduction:-
Nanotechnology:- The word nano means “dwarf” in Greek
language, means “billionth of unit”.
- Drexler originates molecular nanotechnology concepts at
MIT, in 1981.
 Nano meter= 10⁻⁹m
(As per Atomic Force Microscope)
E.g.:- DNA width= 2nm
Our Hair width= 80,000nm

New Materials: Nano Materials
Techniques
Top-down Bottom-up

Top-down:- Refers to slicing or successive
cutting of a bulk material to get nano sized particle.
E.g.:- Attrition or Milling
Bottom-Up:- Refers to the build up of a material
from the bottom: atom by atom, molecule by
molecule or cluster by cluster.
E.g.:- Colloidal dispersion

Merits & Demerits:-
Top-up:-
Merit : Leads to the bulk production of nanomaterial
Demerit : Imperfection of surface structure and significant
crystallographic damage
Bottom-down:-
Merit : Plays an important role in the fabrication and
processing of nano structures
Demerit : Nothing new, industrial use for over a century.
E.g.:- Nitrate & Salt Industry

Applications:-
Types
Current
Potential short & long
term
 Current Applications represent Evolutionary developments of
existing technologies
E.g.:- Reduction in the size of electronic devices

Current Applications:-
 Sunscreens and Cosmetics:-
- Nano sized TiO2 and SiO2 are used in cosmetics, as
they absorb and reflect UV rays
- Nano sizes iron oxide present in lipstick as pigment.
- But concerns about consumer safety!

 Composites:-
- Carbon fibers and multi-walled CNT’s in polymers to
control and enhance conductivity
E.g.:- Antistatic Packaging
- Acts as fillers in matrix.
E.g.:- Reinforce car tyres

 Clay:-
- Contains naturally occurring nanoparticles used in construction
materials
- Contains plastic nano sized flakes used in Car bumpers.
 Tougher and Harder cutting tools:-
- Tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide and titanium carbide
- Erosion resistance and longer lasting

Longer-term Applications (Next 5-15 years):-
 Carbon Nanotubes (CNT’s):-
- High tensile strength, light weight
- Obvious area of application in reinforced composites
Types of CNT’s:-
1. Single walled nanotubes(SWNTs)
2. Multi walled nanotubes(MWNTs)

Synthesis of CNT’s:-
Arc Discharge Method Laser Ablation Method

Chemical Vapor Deposition Method(CVD):-

 Magnetic Materials:-
- Have applications in data storage(Computer Hard Disk)
- One piece of Info can be shrunk into Nanoscale, capacity of
disk can be improved dramatically.
 Medical Implants:-
- Nanocrystalline Zirconium Oxide is hard, wear-resistance,
bio-corrosion resistance & biocompatible, which is alternative
material for implants.

Nanobots repairing blood cells!

 Machinable Ceramics:-
- With a reduction in grain size to the nanoscale, ceramics
Ductility can be increased.
- Zirconia, a rendered super plastic used as components in
high-temperature furnaces.
 Water Purification:-
- Nano-engineered membranes could potentially lead to more
energy-efficient purification, i.e., desalination by Reverse
Osmosis.

 Military battle Suits:-
- Developed by the Institute for Soldier
Nanotechnologies at the MIT.
- Energy-absorbing materials that withstand blast
waves
- Incorporate sensors to detect chemical or
biological weapons.

 Fibers and Fabrics:-
- Used in transmission line cables, Woven fabrics & textiles.
 CNT Ceramics:-
- Made by material scientist at UC Davis
- Tougher, conduct electricity and acts as thermal barriers, depending
on orientation of nanotubes
- Used to coating Turbine blades, but they are also brittle.

Aero plane Engine blades
Wind Mill

 Biomedical Applications:-
- Cells don’t adhere to CNT’s, it gives rise to Coating for
“Prosthesis” and surgical implants
- The ability to functionalize side walls of CNT’s leads to “Vascular
Stents”
-Single strand of DNA can be bonded to a nanotubes, results in
Genetherephy.

Genetherephy:- The introduction of normal genes into cells in
place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic
disorders.

 Air, Water and Gas Filtration:-
- Not only blocked smallest particles but also kill most bacteria
- Thus it been commercialized and products are on market now
- Research is being done in development of CNT-based air and
gas filtration
- Someday it may be lead to filter liquids such as fuels and
lubricants.

Interesting fact about Nanometer!

 Conclusion:-
 Nanotechnology will increase standard of living
The development of nanomachines like I-switch,
Nano-impillers, Nanobots etc..
Up to today, Nanotechnology is what’s in, what's new
and what’s the latest technology being developed all
over he world!

Nanotechnology(s5)

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