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Narco analysis
Narcoanalysis is a forensic technique where a psychotropic drug like sodium pentothal is used to induce a hypnotic or semi-conscious state for interrogation purposes. It was first used in 1922 in the US and was widely adopted by intelligence agencies. In India, it is still used with court permission at forensic labs in Bangalore and Gujarat. A team of experts including a psychologist, psychiatrist, physician and anesthesiologist conduct the pre-test interview, administer the drug, question the subject in the induced state, and conduct a post-test interview. While it can potentially help elicit concealed information, there are legal and ethical issues around using it given constitutional protections against self-incrimination.
Narco analysis
- 1. NARCOANALYSIS By Natasha Puri Roll No.-3905 M.ScForensic Science 1st Sem. 1
- 2. INTRODUCTION Technique usedin the Forensic Psychology for Investigation Purposes Means “Anaesthesia” Term was coined by Horseley A diagnostic and psychotherapeutic technique that uses psychotropic drugs It’s a process of abreaction or catharsis 2
- 3. Also knownas Truth Serum or Drug Hypnosis or Narco interview technique Hypnosis is induced by using Barbiturate’s or other psychotropic drugs as a means of releasing repress feelings Technique effective in two ways i.e a. Therapeutic b. Rehabilitative 3
- 4. HISTORY It firstreached the mainstream in 1922,when Robert House, a Texas obstretrician used the drug Scopolamine on two prisoners American Armed Forces and Intelligence Agencies continued to experiment with Truth Drug mostly Barbiturate during and after war It was widely used in 1940’s 4
- 5. NARCO ANALYSIS ININDIA A few democratic countries, India most notably, still continue to use narco analysis Narco analysis/Narco interview for the purpose of interview is conducted in a Forensic Laboratory Interview is conducted in laboratory where facility of minor operation theater is available In India, at Bangalore & Gujarat test is conducted Consent of Court is require 5
- 6. Objective ofthe test is to extract information from the accused when s/he in hypnotic state Comprises the whole team of expert Helps to elicit concealed info relevant to crime Helps in eliminating the innocent person 6
- 7. PRINCIPLE By usingimagination a person is able to lie In this test, subject’s imagination is neutralised by making him/her semi-conscious In this state, it becomes difficult to lie and answers would be restricted to facts s/he is already aware of Efforts are made to obtain probative truth about the crime 7
- 8. TEAMS OF EXPERT Clinical Forensic Psychologist Psychiatrist Physician Anesthetist Audio-Videographer Writer 8
- 9. PROCEDURE OF NARCO-ANALYSIS Itincludes following Pre Test Interview Pre-Narcotic State Semi-Narcotic State Post Test Interview 9
- 10. Pre Test Interview: Individual is explained regarding the whole procedure and informed consent is taken Pre Narcotic State: Anaesthetist induces narco and maintain the pre- narcotic state throughout the interview Drug is injected till the person appears relaxed and in a state of good contact 10
- 11. Drug i.e Sod.Pentothalis given intravenously to induce hypnosis A 5% or 10% solution of drug injected slowly in antecubital vein NMT 1gm/grain per minute As individual’s speech starts slurring interview begins 11
- 12. Semi Narcotic State: Afterestablishing the semi narcotic state and the individual’s appears to be: a. Flushed b. Slowing and slurred speech c. Nystagmus observing by testing examinee’s eye muscle with finger Forensic Psychologist or Psychiatrist facilitate the interview 12
- 13. Individual is allowedto sleep off and allowed to wake up on his/her off Once s/he wake up, anaesthetist checks him/her and allow to drink coffee or tea Complete narco interview is audio-video recoded and also written 13
- 14. MOA of Drug Sod. Pentothal(thiopental, Thiopentone)is a rapid onset Short acting barbiturate general anaesthetic It acts on GABA-A Receptor GABA Receptor are Inhibitory channel & barbiturate Enhance inhibitory activity 14
- 15. Post Test Interview: a.Memoryis Checked b.Individual is allowed to know what s/he has spoken during interview c.Individal experience more relax and anxiety free state 15
- 16. IMPORTANT ISSUES Informedconsent & willingness to go Narcoanalysis IO’s requirement in aid of investigation Provision of law in Indian Constitution 16
- 17. CASES WHERE ITHAS BEEN AID Nithari Murder Case Aarushi Case Abdul Karim Telgi Case Bhavri Devi Case* 17
- 18. LEGAL STATUS On 5thMay 2010 Supreme Court Of India Concluded following point w.r.t this test Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution- "No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. The Test result can’t be admitted as evidence if they have been obtained through the use of compulsion 18
- 19. CONCLUSION It isa proven technique in the medical set up as well as in forensic set up for investigation purpose Test require procedure, precaution & expertise to use in the investigation Suspect willingness & his right need to be protected as mentioned in NHRC 19
- 20. REFERENCE Supriya Rai,Narcoanalysis Test Constitutional Imperatives, SLS Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sahara Samay V. Rediffnews.com Hem Raj Singh: Narco Analysis: constitutionally Questionable, Lawyers Update http://www.globetrotters.co.uk/bites/bite_485.html http://www.biopsychiatry.com/amobarbital.htm http://www.tehelka.com/story_main24.asp?filename=Ne1 23006Narcoanalysistest_CS.asp http://in.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/09spec.htm 20