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Natural disaster1
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- 2. Acid Rain Burning fossilfuels releases toxins (Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide) into the atmosphere.
- 3. pH Scale • • • The pHscale is a number scale from 014 that measures how acidic or basic something is. Something with a pH of 7 is neutral (water). A pH less than 7 indicates an acid, the closer you get to zero, the stronger the acid is.
- 4. • Normal rainhas a pH of about 5.6. • The pH of acid rain can be as low as 3.
- 5. What is AcidRain • Formed when gases, such as CO2 and SO2 react with the water in the atmosphere. • The pH of Rain drops – As low as pH of 2 – Very harmful to our living environment
- 6. How does AcidRain effect us • It kills micro-organisms • It poisons plants • It damages metals and limestone • It kills fish and birds. • Respiratory problems in humans, can even die.
- 7. More effects… • Lossof nutrients in the soil (acid dissolves them). • Plant roots are damaged and can’t take in water as effectively. • In aquatic environments, acid rain can cause the death of the animals that live there.
- 8. Other issues… • Acidrain can travel great distances away from it’s source as it travels with wind and clouds. • In 1980, 50% of the acid rain that fell in Eastern Canada came from the US. • Acid rain can also damage buildings (eats away at limestone) and corrode metals as well.
- 9. • What are the solutionsto acid rain?
- 10. Solutions • 1. Sulphurdioxide can be removed from power stations chimneys. • 2. Reduce the amount of electricity we use - turn tv’s off at the mains, don’t leave on standby. - turn off lights when a room is not in use. • 3. Use renewable energy like wind power, solar panels, geothermal energy,… • 4. Limit the number of vehicles on the roads and increase public transport.
- 11. What is globalwarming?
- 12. How Global WarmingWorks Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
- 13. Example of the GreenhouseEffect The Sun’s energy passes through the car’s windshield. This energy (heat) is trapped inside the car and cannot pass back through the windshield, causing the inside of the car to warm up.
- 14. What’s the difference between“global warming” and “climate change”?
- 15. Difference GLOBAL WARMING is theincrease of the Earth’s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. CLIMATE CHANGE is a broader term that refers to long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation.
- 16. Effects of GlobalWarming Rising Sea Level Habitat Damage and Increased Temperature Changes in Water Supply
- 17. What’s the proofthat global warming is taking place?
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- 19. Colorado River • Arizona June2002 Dec 2003
- 20. Why is globalwarming happening?
- 21. Burning of FossilFuels Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil
- 22. When did global warmingstart?
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- 24. What’s being donenow to reduce our emissions? Wind Power Solar Power Fuel-Efficiency
- 25. What can youdo to help solve the problem?
- 26. Simple Things ToDo Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy. Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use compact fluorescent bulbs.
- 27. Simple Things ToDo Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up the air conditioning. Or use a fan. Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning up the heat. Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC and furnace clean. Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car. Plant a tree. Recycle.
- 28. The ozone hole(O3) O O O
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- 30. When was itdiscovered? In 1985, the Ozone Hole was discovered with the size of the United States, over Antarctica.
- 31. The ozone layer •The ozonelayer, situated in the stratosphere about 15 to 30 km above the Earth's surface. •Ozone protects living organisms by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVB) from the sun. •The ozone layer is being destroyed by CFCs and other substances.
- 32. Why is theozone layer important to life on Earth? The stratospheric ozone layer completely stops the penetration of UV-C rays and eliminates most of the UV-B rays. Therefore, the ozone layer protects life on Earth from the harmful effects of solar radiation on a daily basis.
- 33. Specific damage byUV light Sunburn Clouding of the cornea and formation of cataract Skin cancer (melanoma) Reduced rates of photosynthesis
- 34. Ozone in theatmosphere Ozone (O3) forms under the effect of UV light in the stratosphere. Ozone can also form in the troposphere. It is produced by motor vehicules so it is a pollutant.
- 35. What are CFCs? Usedas propellants in aerosol spray cans. Used as refrigerants in fridges, freezers and air conditioning units.
- 36. What can bedone? Reduce the use of CFCs. They are already banned in aerosols (1987). BUT they are still used as refrigerants. Recycle fridges and air conditioning plants. Skin Protection, sunglasses,…
- 37. What is anEarthquake?
- 38. • An earthquakeis the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy. • An earthquake produces waves that travel throughout the Earth called seismic waves.
- 39. How are theEarthquakes produced?
- 41. • Associated with faultingor breaking of rocks • Continuing adjustment of position results in aftershocks.
- 42. The Focus andEpicenter of an Earthquake
- 43. Where Do EarthquakesOccur?
- 44. 80% of all earthquakes occurin the circumPacific belt. Examples: 1. India
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- 47. What are theeffects? • • • • Building collapse Fire Tsunami Dies
- 48. What is atsunami?
- 49. • Tsunami isa sea wave. • It is formed when mass movement suddenly displaces a large amount of water. • It is a disastrous wave.
- 50. When Tsunami willoccur? Tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water.
- 51. Tsunami Causes Earthquakes (e.g.Sumatra, 2004: >200,000 people killed). Volcanic eruptions (e.g. Krakatoa, 1883: tsunamis killed 30,000 people). Extraterrestrial Impacts large impacts have the potential to create enormous tsunamis.
- 52. Where happens? Pacific ~80% Atlantic ~ 10% Elsewhere ~ 10%
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- 55. What can wedo? Setting Earthquake prediction and warning system. ‧Improving modern technology and construction regulations. ‧Land use zoning. ‧Education and emergency plans.
Editor's Notes
- #26 Scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels is causing global warming. Since these fuels are burned for energy, and everyone uses energy, everyone can help stop global warming just by using less energy or energy from renewable sources!