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Natural Vegetation & Wildlife.pptx CLASS 10
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- 2. Relief :- • Land:- Land affects the natural vegetation directly and indirectly. The nature of land influences the type of vegetation. The fertile level is generally devoted to agriculture. The undulating and rough terrains are areas where grassland and woodlands develop and give shelter to a variety of wildlife.
- 3. Relief • Soil :-The soils also vary over space. Different types of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation. The sandy soils of the desert support cactus and thorny bushes ,while wet marshy , deltaic skills support mangroves and deltaic vegetation.
- 4. climate • TEMPERATURE :Thecharacter and extent of vegetation are mainly determined by temperature along with humidity in the air, precipitation and soil.SUNLIGHT :Due to longer duration of sunlight, trees grow faster in summer. While they grow slowly in winter. Areas of heavy rainfall have more densePRECIPITATION :vegetation as compared to other areas of less rainfall.
- 5. Tropical Evergreen Forests •These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Nicobar, upper parts of Assam, and Tamil Nadu coast. •They are at their best in areas having more than 200 cm of rainfall with a short dry season. •The trees reach great heights up to 60 meters or even above. •Some of the commercially important trees of this forest are ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber, and cinchona. • •The common animals found in these forests are elephant, monkey, lemur and deer. Onehorned rhinoceroses are found in the jungles of Assam and West Bengal
- 6. TROPICAL DECIDOUS FORESTS •They are called Monsoon Forests . Rainfall is in the range of 70- 200 cms in Deciduous Forests . A long dry season followed by heavy rainfall season is a feature of the regions where these forests are found • Major states where tropical deciduous forests are found: • Madhya Pradesh • Uttar Pradesh • Chhattisgarh • Odisha • Teak , Sal , sandalwood are some species found . • Some animals found are lion , Tiger , elephant etc .
- 7. The Thorn Forestsand Scrubs :- • In regions with less than 70 cm of rainfall, the natural vegetation consists of thorny trees and bushes. This type of vegetation is found in the north-western part of the country, including semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Acacias, palms, euphorbias and cacti are the main plant species. Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order to get moisture. The stems are succulent to conserve water. Leaves are mostly thick and small to minimise evaporation. These forests give way to thorn forests and scrubs in arid areas. • In these forests, the common animals are rats, mice, rabbits, fox, wolf, tiger, lion, wild ass, horses and camels. •
- 8. Montane Forests • •There is a succession of natural vegetation belts in the same order as we see from the tropical to the tundra region. • The wet temperate type of forests are found between a height of 1000 and 2000 meters. Evergreen broad-leaf trees such as oaks and chestnuts predominate. Between 1500 and 3000 meters, temperate forests containing coniferous trees like pine, deodar, silver fir, spruce and cedar, are found• At higher elevations, temperate grasslands are common. At high altitudes, generally more than 3,600 meters above sea-level, temperate forests and grasslands give way to the Alpine vegetation. Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches are the common trees of these forests.• The common animals found in these forests are Kashmirstag, spotted dear, wild sheep, jack rabbit, Tibetan antelope,yak, snow leopard, squirrels, shaggy horn wild ibex, bearand rare red pånda, sheep and goats with thick hair.
- 9. Mangrove Forests :- •The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides. Mud and silt get accumutated on such coasts. Dense mangroves are the common varieties with roots of the plants submerged under water. The deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishna , the Godavari and the Kaveri are covered by such vegetation. In the Ganga Brahmaputra delta, sundari trees are found, which provide durable hard timber. Palm, coconut, keora, agar, etc., also grow in some parts of the delta. • Royal Bengal Tiger is the famous animal in these forests. Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are also found in these forests.
- 10. Wildlife • India hasabout 90,000 animal species. This country has about 2,000 species of birds. •They constitute 13% of the world’s total. There are 2,546 species of fish, which account for nearly 12% of the world’s stock. • •The elephants are the most majestic animals among the mammals. They are found in the hot wet forests of Assam,Karnataka and Kerala. • •The natural habitat of the Indian lion is the Gir forest in Gujarat. Tigers are found in the forests of Madhya Pradesh, the Sundarbans of West Bengal and the Himalayan region. •Bird life in India is colourful. Peacocks, pheasants, ducks, parakeets, cranes and pigeons are some of the birds inhabiting the forests and wetlands of the country. •About 1,300 plant species are endangered and 20 species are extinct. Quite a few animal species are also endangered and some have become extinct.
- 11. CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE •Eighteen biosphere reserves have been set up in the country to protect flora and fauna . Some are the Sundarbans Nanda Devi, the Gulf of Mannar, the Nilgiri, Nokrek . • Financial and technical assistance is provided to many botanical gardens by the government since 1992. • Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and many other eco-developmental projects have been introduced . • 103 National Parks, 535 Wildlife sanctuaries and Zoological gardens are set up to take care of natural heritage .