Nazism And The Rise Of Hitler Final 2013 By Mast. Adesh Naik

History Project

Nazism And Mast. Adesh naik Of Hitler
By
The Rise

Adolf Hitler(1889-1945)
• Born in 1889 in Austria.
• he was An Austrian-born German politician
and the leader of the Nazi Party.
• He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to
1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934
to 1945.
 Hitler's determination was to make Germany
into a mighty power and his ambition was of
conquering all of Europe.

World war I
 Germany fought the First World War (1914-1918) alongside the
Austrian empire and against the Allies (England, France and
Russia).
 All joined the war hoping to gain from a quick victory. Little did
they realize that the war would stretch on, eventual draining
of Europe and its resources.
 Germany made initial gains by occupying France and Belgium.
 the Allies, strengthened by the US entry in 1917, won , defeating
Germany and the Central Powers in November 1918.
 The defeat of Imperial Germany and the abdication of the
emperor gave an opportunity to parliamentary parties to
recast German polity.

Birth of the Weimar Republic
 A National Assembly met at Weimar and
established a democratic constitution
with a federal structure.
 Deputies were now elected to the German
Parliament or Reichstag, on the basis of
equal and universal votes cast by all
adults including women.
 This republic, however, was not received
well by its own people largely because
of the terms it was forced to accept
after Germany's defeat at the end of
the First World War.

THE TREATY OF PEACE(1919)
 The treaty of peace at Versailles with the Allies was
a harsh and humiliating peace.
 Germany lost a tenth of its population, 13% of its
territories, 75% of its iron and 26% of its coal to
France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania.
 The War Guilt Clause held Germany responsible for the
war and damages the Allied countries suffered.
 Germany was forced to pay £6 billion(6 Billion Pounds).
The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich
Rhineland.
 Germans held Weimar republic responsible for the
defeat in the war and also disgrace at Versailles.

Europe after treaty of
Versailles

World war i

Germany lost during world war i

Effects of world war I
 The war had a devastating impact on the entire continent both
Psychologically and financially.
 The infant Weimar Republic was being made to pay for the sins of
the old empire.
 The republic carried the burden of war guilt and national
humiliation and was financially crippled by being forced to pay
compensation.
 Those who supported the Weimar Republic, mainly Socialists,
Catholics and Democrats, became easy targets of attack in the
conservative Nationalist circles. They were mockingly called
the .November criminals.

The First World War left a deep imprint on
European society and polity. Soldiers came to be
placed above civilians. Politicians and publicists
laid great stress on the need for men to be
aggressive, strong and masculine.
The soldiers lived miserable lives in thetrenches,
trapped with Rats feeding on corpses. They faced
poisonous gas and enemy shelling, and witnessed
their ranks reduce rapidly.
Aggressive war propaganda and national honour
occupied Centre stage in the public sphere, while
popular support grew for conservative
dictatorships that had recently come into being.

The years of depression
 German investments and industrial recoveries were totally
dependent on short-term loans, largely from the USA. This
support was withdrawn when the Wall Street Exchange crashed
in 1929. Fearing a fall in prices, people made frantic efforts to
sell their shares.
 on 24 October, 13 million shares were sold.
 This was the start of the Great Economic Depression.
 Over the next three years, between 1929 and 1932, the national
income of the USA fell by half.
 Factories were shut down, exports fell, farmers were badly hit
and speculators withdrew their money from the market.
 By 1932, industrial production was reduced to 40 per cent of the
1929 level.

 Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced wages. The
number of unemployed touched an unprecedented 6 million.
 As jobs disappeared, the youth took to criminal activities
and total despair became commonplace.
 The middle classes, especially salaried employees and
pensioners, saw their savings diminish when the currency lost
its value.
 Small businessmen, the self-employed and retailers suffered
as their businesses got ruined.
 Only organized workers could manage to keep their heads
above water, but unemployment weakened their bargaining
power.
 The large mass of peasantry was affected by a sharp fall
in agricultural prices and women, unable to fill their
children’s stomachs, were filled with a sense of deep despair.

 Politically too the Weimar Republic was fragile. The
Weimar constitution had some inherent defects, which
made it unstable and vulnerable to dictatorship.
One was proportional representation.
 This made achieving a majority by any one party a
near impossible task, leading to a rule by coalitions.
 Article 48, which gave the President the powers to
impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by
decree.
 The Weimar Republic saw twenty different cabinets
lasting on an average 239 days, and a liberal use of
Article 48.

The world war IIAllies.
 In May 1945, Germany surrendered to the
Anticipating what
 was coming, Hitler, his propaganda minister Goebbels
and his entire
 family committed suicide collectively in his Berlin
bunker in April.
 At the end of the war, an International Military
Tribunal at
 Nuremberg was set up to prosecute Nazi war
criminals for Crimes
 against Peace, for War Crimes and Crimes Against

 During 2nd World War, Germany had waged a genocidal
war, which resulted in the mass murder of innocent
civilians of Europe.
 6 million Jews, 200,000 Gypsies, 1 million Polish
civilians, 70,000 Germans who were considered mentally
and physically disabled, besides innumerable political
opponents were killed.
 Nazis devised an unprecedented means of killing
people, that is, by gassing them in various killing
centre’s like Auschwitz.
 The Nuremberg Tribunal sentenced only eleven leading
Nazis to death
 The Allies did not want to be as harsh on defeated

hitler’s rise to power
 This crisis in the economy, polity and society formed the
background to hitler’s rise to power.
 When the First World War broke out, he enrolled for
the army, acted as a messenger in the front, became a
corporal, and earned medals for bravery.
 The German defeat horrified him and the Versailles
Treaty made him furious.
 In 1919, he joined a small group called the German
Workers Party.
 He subsequently took over the organization and
renamed it the National Socialist German Workers
Party. This party came to be known as the Nazi Party.

 In 1923, Hitler planned to seize control of Bavaria,
march to Berlin and capture power. He failed, was
arrested, tried for treason, and later released.
 The Nazis could not effectively mobilize popular
support till the early 1930s. It was during the Great
Depression that Nazism became a mass movement.
 After 1929, banks collapsed and businesses shut down,
workers lost their jobs and the middle classes were
threatened with destitution.
 Nazi propaganda stirred hopes of a better future, In
1928, the Nazi Party got no more than 2. 6 per cent
votes in the Reichstag, The German parliament.
 By 1932, it had become the largest party with37 per
cent votes.

 Hitler was a powerful speaker. His passion and his
words moved people. He promised to build a strong
nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty
and restore the dignity of the German people.
 He promised employment for those looking for work,
and a secure future for the youth. He promised to
weed out all foreign influences and resist all
foreign .conspiracies. against Germany.
 Hitler devised a new style of politics. He understood
the significance of rituals and spectacle in mass
mobilization. Nazis held massive rallies and public
meetings to demonstrate the support for Hitler and
instill a sense of unity among the people.

 The Red banners with the Swastika, the Nazi
salute, and the ritualised rounds of
applause after the speeches were all part
of this spectacle of power.
 Nazi propaganda skillfully projected Hitler
as a messiah, a saviour, as someone who had
arrived to deliver people from their
distress.
 It is an image that captured the imagination
of a people whose sense of dignity and pride
had been shattered, and who were living in a

The Destruction of Democracy
 On 30 January 1933, President Hindenburg offered the
Chancellorship, the highest position in the cabinet of ministers,
to Hitler.
 By now the Nazis had managed to rally the conservatives to
their cause. Having acquired power, Hitler set out to dismantle
the structures of democratic rule.
 A mysterious fire that broke out in the German Parliament
building in February facilitated his move.
 The Fire Decree of 28 February 1933 indefinitely suspended civic
rights like freedom of speech, press and assembly that had
been guaranteed by the Weimar constitution.
 Then he turned on his archenemies, the Communists, most of them
were hurriedly packed off to the newly established
concentration camps.

The repression of the Communists was severe. Out of
the surviving 6,808 arrest files of Düsseldorf, a
small city of half a million population, 1,440 were
those of Communists alone. They were, however, only
one among the 52 types of victims persecuted by the
Nazis across the country.
On 3 March 1933, the famous Enabling Act was passed.
This Act established dictatorship in Germany. It gave
Hitler all powers to sideline Parliament and rule by
decree.
All political parties and trade unions were banned
except for the Nazi Party and its affiliates.
The state established complete control over the
economy, media, army and judiciary.

 Special surveillance and security forces were created to
control and order society in ways that the Nazis wanted.
 Apart from the already existing regular police in green
uniform and the SA or the Storm Troopers, these included the
Gestapo (secret state police), the SS (the protection
squads), criminal police and the Security Service (SD).
 It was the extra-constitutional powers of these newly
organised forces that gave the Nazi state its reputation as
the most dreaded criminal state.
 People could now be detained in Gestapo torture
chambers, rounded up and sent to concentration
camps, deported at will or arrested without any legal
procedures. The police forces acquired powers to rule with
impunity.

Youth in Nazi Germany
Children were first segregated:-
Germans & Jews could not sit or play
together
Jews and gypsies were thrown out of
schools and finally in 1940’s they were
taken to the gas chambers

• Hitler believed that boxing could make children
iron-hearted, strong and masculine
• At 10 yrs. Of age they had to be sent to
jungvolks
• At 14, they joined Nazi youth organisation-hitler
youth where they learnt to worship war, glorify
aggression and violence, condemn democracy,
hate Jews and gypsies
• At 18, they had to serve in the armed forces and
enter one of the Nazi organisation.

The Nazi youth league was founded in 1922 four
years later it was renamed as Hitler Youth.

• Boys were taught to be
aggressive, masculine and steal-hearted
while girls were being prepared to become
good mothers and they had to stay away
from the Jews.
• In 1933 hitler assumed: “in my state mother is
the most important citizen”.
• to encourage women’s to produce more
children's Honour Crosses were awarded.
• A bronze was given for four children, silver
for six and gold for eight and above.

The Death of Hitler
 In May 1945, Germany surrendered to the Allies.
 Anticipating what was coming, Adolf Hitler committed
suicide by gunshot on 30 April 1945 in his Führerbunker in
Berlin.
 His wife Eva committed suicide with him by ingesting
cyanide.
 That afternoon, in accordance with Hitler's prior
instructions, their remains were carried up the stairs
through the bunker's emergency exit and burnt.
 The Soviet archives record that their burnt remains
were recovered and interred in successive
locations until 1970 when they were again exhumed,
cremated and the ashes scattered.

Nazism And The Rise Of Hitler Final 2013 By Mast. Adesh Naik

Nazism And The Rise Of Hitler Final 2013 By Mast. Adesh Naik

More Related Content

What's hot

Viewers also liked

Similar to Nazism And The Rise Of Hitler Final 2013 By Mast. Adesh Naik

Recently uploaded

Nazism And The Rise Of Hitler Final 2013 By Mast. Adesh Naik