NCM-100-WEEK-2-Structure-of-Nursing-Knowledge.pptx
- 1. Structure of Nursing Knowledge CESAR JAY D. GARCIA, RN, MAN INSTRUCTOR
- 2. Definition of Terms: • Assumptions. This term refers to statements accepted as truth. It represents the values and beliefs of a theory or conceptual framework. • Concept. This term refers to ideas and mental images that help describe a phenomenon. It is often considered as the building blocks of theories. • Conceptual Framework. This term refers to the “symbolic representation” of empiric experiences through words, symbols, pictures, graphic diagrams, mathematical notations or physical material. It is often referred to as “conceptual model”.
- 3. • Domain. This term refers to the subject area, central concepts, values and beliefs of a discipline. • Metaparadigm. This term refers to the most abstract level of knowledge. It specifies the main concepts of a subject matter and scope of discipline. • Phenomenon. This term refers to a specific concept, subject matter or an empirical event in a discipline. • Proposition. A statement about a concept or a statement of the relation between two or more concepts.
- 4. Definition of Theory Pinnel and Menesis • Systematic set of interrelated concepts, definitions and deductions that describe, explain or predict interrelationships Walker and Avant • Internally consistent group of relational statements (concepts, definitions and propositions) that presents a systematic view of phenomenon and which is useful for description, explanation, prediction and control Chinn and Krammer • Creative and vigorous structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful and systematic view of phenomena Ellis • Coherent set of hypothetical, conceptual and pragmatic principles forming a general frame of reference for a field of inquiry
- 5. Characteristics of a Theory • Systematic, logical and coherent • Universal applicability • Tentative in nature
- 6. Knowledge Structure Levels in Nursing Metaparadigm of Nursing • Human being or person: individuals, families, and communities who are participants in nursing. • Environment: human being’s significant others and the physical surroundings including cultural, social, political, and economic factors that are associated with a person’s health. • Health: the human process of living and dying. • Nursing: the definition of nursing, nurses’ actions, the process that encompasses activities referred to as assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervening, and evaluating.
- 7. Philosophy of Nursing • Theoretical works that address one or more metaparadigm concepts and are of a philosophical in nature. It addresses questions such as the following: • What is nursing? • What is the nature of human caring? • What is the nature of nursing practice?
- 8. Conceptual Models • Composed of abstract and general concepts and propositions that provide a frame of reference for the members of the discipline. • Each metaparadigm is defined and described in a manner that is unique to the model. • They provide frameworks for recording the effects of nursing.
- 9. Nursing Theory • A conceptualization of some aspect of reality that pertains to nursing. It is formulated to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care. It may be derived from other existing conceptual models of nursing. • A theory that is broad in scope and highly abstract is called grand theory. • A theory that has a narrower scope and more concrete or practical in nature is called middle-range theory.
- 10. Knowledge Structure Levels with Examples Structural Level Example Metaparadigm Person, Environment, Health, Nursing Philosophy Nightingale Conceptual Models Neuman’s Systems Model Grand Theory Optimal Client System Stability Theory Flexible line of defense moderates optimal client system stability Middle-range theory Maintaining optimal client stability with structural activities in a community setting for healthy aging
- 11. Criteria for Analyzing a Theory Clarity “How clear is this theory?” • Consistency and structural clarity are important. To assess these, the major concepts, sub concepts, and their definitions are identified. The logical development should be clear and assumptions should be consistent with the theory’s goals. Simplicity: “How simple is this theory?” • It is very valued in theory development. Nurses require simple theory like middle range theories to guide nursing practice. Theory should be sufficiently comprehensive and at a level of abstraction to provide guidance.
- 12. Generality “How general is this theory?” • To determine generality the scope of concepts and goals within the theory are examined. The more limited the concepts and goals, the less general the theory. Empirical Precision (Accessibility): “How accessible is this theory?” • Empirical precision is linked to the testability and ultimate use of a theory. • It refers to the “extent that the defined concepts are grounded in observable reality. Derivable consequences (Importance) “How important is this theory?” • If research, theory and practice are to be meaningfully related then nursing theory should lend itself to research testing and testing should lead to knowledge that guides practice.
- 13. THANK YOU!!!