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NEAR MISS ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT REPORT PROCEDURES.pdf
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- 2. CourseObjectives Understand the needto investigate Know what to investigate Determine the causes of accidents Identify the methods of investigation Understand the need to be thorough and comprehensive Identify prevention methods Identify sources of assistance
- 3. What is anAccident ? Any undesired, unplanned event arising out of employment which results in physical injury or damage to property, or the possibility of such injury or damage. “Near miss” situations must also be addressed - events which did not result in injury or damage but had the potential to do so.
- 4. What’s in aname ? Accident Injury Dangerous Occurrence Significant Incident “Near-miss” accident “Near-hit”
- 5. 1 10 30 600 Seriousor Disabling Includes disabling& Serious Injuries Minor Injuries Any reported injury less than serious PropertyDamage & Accidents All Types Accidents with no visible Injuryor Damage (Critical Incidents) AccidentRatioStudy
- 6. Accident Causes Unsafe Act ❑an act by the injured person or another person (or both) which caused the accident; and/or Unsafe Condition ❑ some environmental or hazardous situation which caused the accident independent of the employee
- 7. Accident CausationModel 1. Resultsof the accident - (harm or damage) 2. Incident - Contact (Accident) 3. Immediate causes (symptoms) 4. Basic causes (real problems)
- 8. Results of theAccident Physical harm catastrophic (multiple deaths) death disabling, lost time, major serious minor notifiable compensatable
- 9. Results of theAccident Property damage catastrophic major serious minor
- 10. Incident - Contact ❑struck against ❑ struck by ❑ fall to below ❑ fall on same level ❑ caught on ❑ caught in ❑ caught between ❑ over exertion ❑ chemical contact
- 11. Incident - Contact ❑electricity ❑ plant & equipment ❑ noise or vibration ❑ hazardous substances ❑ radiation ❑ heat & cold ❑ animals or insects ❑ microbiological agents
- 12. Immediate Causes Standard Practices ❑operating with authority ❑ use serviceable equipment ❑ use equipment properly ❑ use of PPE where required ❑ correct lifting ❑ no drinking & drugs ❑ no horseplay ❑ secure equipment or warnings
- 13. Immediate Causes Standard Conditions ❑effective guards & devices ❑ serviceable tools & equipment ❑ adequate warning systems ❑ good housekeeping ❑ non polluted environment ❑ good illumination & ventilation ❑ good working, storage & traveling space
- 14. BasicCauses Personal Factors ❑ lackof knowledge or skill ❑ improper motivation ❑ physical or mental conditions ❑ literacy or ability
- 15. BasicCauses Job Factors ❑ physicalenvironment ❑ sub-standard equipment ❑ abnormal usage ❑ wear & tear ❑ inadequate standards ❑ design & maintenance ❑ purchasing standards
- 16. BasicCauses Supervisory Performance ❑ inadequateinstructions ❑ failure of SOPs ❑ rules not enforced ❑ hazards not corrected ❑ devices not provided
- 17. BasicCauses Management Policy & Decisions ❑set measurable standards ❑ measure work in progress ❑ evaluate work-v-standards ❑ correct performance if nec
- 18. Why Investigate ? LegalRequirement Establish Causes Prevent Recurrences Accurate record Statistical data base Third Party Liability
- 19. What is AccidentInvestigation ? A systematic approach to accident investigation, the identification of causal factors and implementation of corrective actions is essential to a good H&S program and management system.
- 20. Accident Investigation Procedures … ❑provide information needed to determine injury rates, identify trends or problem areas, permit comparisons and satisfy Workers Compensation requirements ❑ identify, without placing blame, the basic causal factors that contributed directly or indirectly to each accident
- 21. Accident Investigation Procedures … ❑suggest corrective action alternatives for a given accident ❑ suggest corrective action alternatives for the management system.
- 22. What to Investigate ❑all accidents & near misses as soon as possible Include ❑ scene interference ❑ survey of scene ❑ chronology of data ❑ measurements, maps & sketches ❑ eyewitnesses ❑ reconstruction ? ❑ statistics & trends ❑ injury types & groups
- 23. Who should Investigate ❑Supervisor ❑ Safety Manager ❑ Department Manager
- 24. Investigator’sQualifications Technical knowledge Objectivity Analytical approach Familiaritywith the job, process or operation Tact in communicating Intellectual honesty Inquisitiveness & curiosity
- 25. InvestigatorsTool Kit ✓clipboard, paper(incl graph) pens ✓camera & spare films ✓tape measure ✓cassette recorder & spare tapes ✓reporting forms ✓hi-viz barrier tape for scene preservation ✓first aid kit ✓identification tags for parts ✓gloves (industrial & medical) ✓safety helmet
- 26. InvestigatorsTool Kit ✓specimen containers ✓magnifyingglass ✓compass ✓danger tags ✓yellow crayon ✓orange spray paint ✓torch with batteries ✓hi-viz orange vest ✓hearing & eye protection ✓plastic containers for samples ✓roll of paper towels
- 27. Let’s Begin … Takeall necessary steps to provide emergency rescue and medical help for the injured Take actions that will prevent, or minimise the risk of further accidents or physical harm to the victim or others
- 28. Action Plan Identification ofthe individual who is in charge and assigns responsibilities Authority to conduct investigation; Securing the accident site for the duration of the investigation, after rescue and damage control are complete
- 29. Action Plan Procedures &equipment to ensure observation and recording of fragile, perishable or transient evidence ✓instrument readings ✓control panel settings ✓weather & other environmental conditions ✓chemical spills, stains, skid marks
- 30. Determine the Facts Visitaccident scene Take samples Visual records Preserve accident items Identify people involved Interview witnesses Review information
- 31. Finding Facts What wasthe exact injury or damage ? What was the damaging energy source ? What event immediately preceded the damaging event ? What happened before that ? What happened even before that ? What happened in between ? What else was going on at the time of the accident ? Was anyone else involved ? Interview witnesses
- 32. Interviewing Techniques Put atease Assure “no blame” Ask witness to relate their account of the accident Listen carefully Ask questions - reinforce Repeat if necessary Ask witness for suggestions for future avoidance Encourage further contact Be polite and thank the witness
- 33. A Good Report Accuracy& completeness of information Clarity & completeness of of the description of the sequence of events leading up to the accident Correct identification of all causal factors Clarity & completeness of all causal factors
- 34. A Good Report Recommendationsmade for corrective actions to reduce or eliminate the probability of recurrence of a similar accident Recommendations for corrective actions to improve management system Timelines - specific time periods, monitoring and responsibilities Proper review and sign off
- 35. SupportingDocumentation Accident investigation Form WitnessStatements & Records of Interview Checklists: ✓ Victim(s) ✓ Witnesses ✓ Environment & Locations ✓ Equipment & Parts ✓ Documentation Accident/Incident Record Photographs
- 37. The Victim Death Pain &suffering Permanent disability Effects on family & dependants Loss of earnings Extra expenditure Inability to resume occupation Psychological effects Feeling of uselessness Fear of further injury Social effects Loss of sports or hobby
- 38. The Supervisor loss oftrained worker loss of production extra work investigations & reports training new employee loss of prestige by: ❑ management ❑ other workers effects on promotion worry (could I have prevented it ?) Stress
- 39. The Company loss oftrained worker loss of production damage to machinery damage to equipment wasted materials increased insurance premiums prosecutions fines civil actions legal costs loss of prestige - customers
- 40. 4. The Nation lossof section of workforce loss of production increased cost of production effects on imports effects on exports effects on balance of trade the community pays !
- 41. Can Accidents bePrevented ? Effective Management & Supervision Commitment to Accident Prevention Effective Policy & Procedures Effective Reporting & Recording Regular Consultation & “Toolbox” Meetings Risk Assessments Specific Training Literature & Culture Incentive Schemes ?
- 42. WarningSigns ✓ Increases inbreaches of safety procedures ✓ Increase in reportable incidents ✓ Technical concerns ✓ Friction or disputes ✓ ageing or suspect equipment ✓ Introduction of new procedures or equipment ✓ New employees ✓ Age of employees ✓ Long periods of work ✓ Environmental issues
- 43. Resources Insurance Company Workers CompAdministrator Doctors & Specialists Rehabilitation Experts Consultants Psychologists Employee Assistance Programs