Neuromuscular coordination (DPT) kinesiology II.pptx
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The document discusses neuromuscular coordination, highlighting the role of various muscle groups (agonists, antagonists, synergists, and fixators) in producing smooth, purposeful movements. It covers the nervous system's control over these movements, issues related to incoordination, and rehabilitation approaches including re-education and specific exercises such as Frenkel's exercises designed to improve proprioception and coordination. Key principles of re-education include correcting movement imbalances, restoring muscle function, and enhancing stability and coordination.
Neuromuscular coordination (DPT) kinesiology II.pptx
- 2. contents Coordinated movement Group Action of Muscles Nervous Control Incoordination Re Education Principles of re- education Frenkel’s Exercises
- 3. CO ORDINATE D MOVEMEN T Smooth, accurate and purposeful movement brought about by the integrated action of many muscles, superimposed upon the basis of efficient postural activity. The muscle are grouped as: I. Prime movers II. Antagonists III. Synergists IV. Fixators
- 4. CO- ORDINATE D MOVEMEN TS Group Action of Muscles Nervous Control • The Motor Pathway • Cerebral Cortex • Cerebellum • Kinesthetic Sensation
- 7. GROUP ACTION OF THE MUSCLE A single muscle can work alone to produce a particular movement or to secure stability Functionally, muscles work together in groups Each muscle has some specific part to play Integrated activity of many groups is required to produce efficient functional movement
- 8. AGONIST (PRIME MOVERS) They contract to provide force required to produce movement
- 9. ANTAGONIS T Their action would oppose the action of agonists Their activity is inhibited and relax to allow movement
- 10. SYNERGIST Syn-Greek-With They work with agonists Provide suitable background of activity Facilitate movement Modify direction of movement Control joints which are not involved (in case of 2 joint muscle)
- 11. FIXATORS Stabilize the bone of origin Increase the efficiency of agonist Stabilize the body as a whole
- 12. NERVOUS CONTROL This involves the following I. The motor pathway II. Cerebral cortex III. Cerebellum IV. Kinesthetic sensation
- 13. NERVOUS CONTROL THE MOTOR PATHWAY: action of muscle is determined by the afferent impulses reaching to it. CEREBRAL CORTEX: voluntary movement is initiated in response to sensory stimulus. Initiation centers exist in the brain stem that alert the cerebral cortex that is responsible for planning the pattern of movement.
- 14. CEREBELLUM: It is receiving station of information. It delicately adjust all the information and result in harmonious interaction of muscles and conveys the pattern by either extra pyramidal tracts or other pathway of the spinal cord KINESTHETIC SENSATION: Afferent impulses arise from the proprioceptors situated in the muscle, tendons and joints. They record the position of limb. Some of the impulses reach the conscious level other end in spinal cord and cerebellum.
- 15. INCOORDI NATION Interference in the coordination process lead to the jerky, arrhythmic or inaccurate movement. The exercises designed to overcome the problem are different according to the location of the lesion which is causing it.
- 16. INCO- ORDINATIO N In coordination results due to following I. Weakness or flaccidity of muscles II. Spasticity of the muscles III. Cerebellar lesion IV. Loss of kinesthetic sensation
- 17. WEAKNESS OR FLACCIDITY OF MUSCLES In this case lesion of the Lower motor neurons prevents the appropriate impulses from reaching the muscle
- 18. SPASTICITY OF THE MUSCLES Lesion affecting the area of the cerebral cortex, or the upper motor neurons result in spasticity of the muscle so the response is abnormal.
- 19. CEREB ELLAR LESIO N This is known as the ‘CEREBELLAR ATAXIA’ it means ‘without order’. Movement is irregular, swaying and with intention tremors.
- 20. RE- EDUCATIO N It lets the affected body part to regain its sensitivity, return the body's and muscle proprioception and trains the joints to move naturally and muscle groups to do the right task Re-education is the term used to describe a group of treatments procedure like: Get back normal nerve and muscle function including movement Diminished kinesthetic awareness Improve poor proprioception Coordination Balance
- 21. therapy approach that tackles a variety of undesirable diseases that result from ysfunctional nerve and muscle actions includes exercises for neuromuscular reeducation Tore than 90% of the soft tissue wounds that chiropractors treat may profit from euromuscular reeducation exercises. The exercises are especially helpful for dysfunctional novement patterns that endure after injuries. For instance, people can still hobble weeks ollowing the hip or leg issue has been resolved.
- 22. Principles of Re- Education: (for both spastic and flaccid ) Use alternative patterns of movement. Correction of imbalance Restore the normal functions of group muscles Perform functional movement patterns Promote relaxation Perform Highly co-ordinated movements Restore stability and power Use Strengthening methods Hold and stabilize power and endurance Resisted movements Perform neuromuscular co-ordination based exercises Frenkel's exercises Train smooth pattern exercises
- 23. FRENKEL'S EXERCISES: It was believed that Frenkel's exercise, which helps for retraining proprioception and coordination, would enhance lower limb feeling and function among stroke patients with decreased sensory function.
- 24. Principle: The goal of Frenkel's exercise is to find the kind of activity that best makes up for the loss of feeling and to engage the systems that regulate equilibrium and multi-joint coordinate. Verbal feedback was supplied by the physical practitioners during the exercises
- 25. Based on Dedication focus The repetition Correctness
- 26. Techniques Attention of patient Patient positioning and clothing Explain the exercise Speed and time of exercise Repetition of exercises Note the time of repetitions Rest period
- 27. Standing Striding ahead Walking backwards, then turning around to face the initial direction Doing the preceding exercises in preset medium, short and long steps while rotating at an angle of 90 and 180 degrees Walking heel to toe, similar to the tandem posture, when ascending and descending stairs.
- 29. Sitting Stretching one leg, the heel should be at the position indicated by the mark on the floor. While seated, alternately extend & elevate one leg to position the heel / toe on the designated location. Stand up while still seated, then sit down once again
- 34. Lying By the heel moving across a straight path on the table, one leg may be bent and extended. With the knee bent and the heel on the table, effortlessly abduct and adduct the hip.Slide the entire leg on the table to abduct and adduct it with the knee and hip extended. With the heel off the table, flex and lengthen the hip and knee.