Next .NET and C#
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The document summarizes updates and future plans for .NET Core and C#. Key points include: - .NET Standard 2.0 provides over 32,000 APIs, allowing better cross-platform compatibility. - C# 7.0 introduced features like tuples, pattern matching, and binary literals. Future versions will focus on smaller releases with opt-in features like recursive patterns and nullable reference types. - The tooling ecosystem including Visual Studio and the dotnet CLI continue to improve with a shared SDK and common project format.
![CLI commands
dotnet build --output [path]
the driver verb (command) verb arguments](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nextdotnetandcsharp-170301224114/85/Next-NET-and-C-10-320.jpg)
![C# 7.0 recap
static void Main(string[] args)
{
object[] numbers =
{ 0b1, 0b10, new object[] { 0b100, 0b1000 }, // binary literals
0b1_0000, 0b10_0000 }; // digit separators
var (sum, count) = Tally(numbers); // deconstruction
WriteLine($"Sum: {sum}, Count: {count}");
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nextdotnetandcsharp-170301224114/85/Next-NET-and-C-24-320.jpg)
![C# 7.0 recap
static (int sum, int count) Tally(object[] values) // tuple types
{
var r = (s: 0, c: 0); // tuple literals
void Add(int s, int c) { r.s += s, r.c += c; } // local functions
foreach (var v in values)
{
switch (v) // switch on any value
{
case int i: // type patterns
Add(i, 1);
break;
case object[] a when a.Length > 0: // case conditions
var t = Tally(a);
Add(t.sum, t.count);
break;
}
}
return r;
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nextdotnetandcsharp-170301224114/85/Next-NET-and-C-25-320.jpg)
![Extension everything
extension Enrollee extends Person
{
// static field
static Dictionary<Person, Professor> enrollees = new();
// instance method
public void Enroll(Professor supervisor) { enrollees[this] = supervisor; }
// instance property
public Professor Supervisor => enrollees.TryGetValue(this, out var supervisor) ? supervisor : null;
// static property
public static ICollection<Person> Students => enrollees.Keys;
// instance constructor
public Person(string name, Professor supervisor) : this(name) { this.Enroll(supervisor); }
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nextdotnetandcsharp-170301224114/85/Next-NET-and-C-37-320.jpg)
Next .NET and C#
- 1. What’s next for .NET Core and C# Bertrand Le Roy
- 2. Agenda • Tooling • .NET Standard • C#
- 3. .NET Core everywhere • Windows • macOS • Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, RHEL, openSUSE, Fedora, … • Docker • X86, x64, ARM
- 4. Tooling • Visual Studio 2017 • OmniSharp: VS Code, vim, emacs, Sublime, etc. • Visual Studio for Mac • JetBrains Rider • CLI: x-plat, focused on building code for both humans and machines…
- 5. Project system • project.json will be gone for good with the 1.0 of the tooling • New and improved csproj • Small • Easy to manually edit • Globs – easier merges! • No GUIDs • Lower concept count • Integrated package references • Easily migrated from project.json • One project system to rule Xamarin, Mono, .NET Core, .NET Framework • All the power of MSBuild
- 6. Default console app template…
- 7. … with a package
- 9. Introducing the SDK • Contains all the tasks and targets for working with Core code • Shared between CLI, Visual Studio, Visual Studio for Mac, VS Code (OmniSharp) Shared SDK component Visual Studio VS Code .NET Core Command Line tools
- 10. CLI commands dotnet build --output [path] the driver verb (command) verb arguments
- 11. Core commands • dotnet new • dotnet restore • dotnet run • dotnet build • dotnet publish • dotnet pack • dotnet test
- 12. CRUD & advanced commands • dotnet add/list/remove reference • dotnet add/list/remove package • dotnet sln add/list/remove • dotnet msbuild • dotnet nuget • dotnet vstest • … and your own commands, distributed as NuGet packages or added to the path
- 13. .NET before .NET Standard Compilers Languages Runtime components COMMON INFRASTRUCTURE
- 14. .NET before .NET Standard Compilers Languages Runtime components COMMON INFRASTRUCTURE
- 15. .NET after .NET Standard Compilers Languages Runtime components COMMON INFRASTRUCTURE
- 16. .NET after .NET Standard Compilers Languages Runtime components COMMON INFRASTRUCTURE
- 17. What is .NET Standard? • A spec: .NET Standard is to .NET what POSIX is to Unix public class DotNetCore : IDotNetStandard { … } • A set of APIs that all .NET platforms have to implement • A class library provided as a NuGet package that provides the façade that .NET code can compile against
- 18. Versioning .NET Standard • Higher version incorporates all previous • Concrete .NET platforms implement a specific version of the standard, and can run all code targeting versions up to that number 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.0
- 19. What’s new in .NET Standard 2.0? • More than double the APIs • Compatibility with .NET Framework libraries: your code may already be cross-platform… Version #APIs Growth % 1.6 13,501 2.0 32,638 +142%
- 20. APIs in .NET Standard 2.0 Primitives • Collections • Reflection • Interop • LinqCORE Threads • Thread Pool • TasksTHREADING Files • Compression • MMFIO Sockets • Http • Mail • WebSocketsNETWORKING BinaryFormatter • Data Contract • XMLSERIALIZATION XLinq • XML Document • XPath • Schema • XSLXML Abstractions • Provider Model • DataSetDATA http://apisof.net
- 23. C# - State of the Union C# 1,000,000’s Millions
- 24. C# 7.0 recap static void Main(string[] args) { object[] numbers = { 0b1, 0b10, new object[] { 0b100, 0b1000 }, // binary literals 0b1_0000, 0b10_0000 }; // digit separators var (sum, count) = Tally(numbers); // deconstruction WriteLine($"Sum: {sum}, Count: {count}"); }
- 25. C# 7.0 recap static (int sum, int count) Tally(object[] values) // tuple types { var r = (s: 0, c: 0); // tuple literals void Add(int s, int c) { r.s += s, r.c += c; } // local functions foreach (var v in values) { switch (v) // switch on any value { case int i: // type patterns Add(i, 1); break; case object[] a when a.Length > 0: // case conditions var t = Tally(a); Add(t.sum, t.count); break; } } return r; }
- 26. What’s ahead Many ideas, and some stand out as clearly worthwhile Smaller, more frequent language versions that are opt-in for the cutting edge Major features requiring framework or runtime evolution
- 27. Design tenets The language embraces new concepts Common paths become easier Code runs faster or uses less memory Bugs are prevented
- 28. Recursive patterns if (o is Point(_, var y)) { WriteLine($"Y: {y}"); } if (o is Point { Y: var y }) { WriteLine($"Y: {y}"); }
- 29. Pattern matching expressions var s = match (o) { int i => $"Number {i}", case Point(int x, int y) => $"({x},{y})", string s when s.Length > 0 => s, null => "<null>", _ => "<other>" };
- 30. Tuples in patterns state = match (state, request) { (Closed, Open) => Opened, (Closed, Lock) => Locked, (Opened, Close) => Closed, (Locked, Unlock) => Closed, _ => throw new InvalidOperationException(…) }
- 31. Nullable and non-nullable reference types string? n; // Nullable reference type string s; // Non-nullable reference type n = null; // Sure; it's nullable s = null; // Warning! Shouldn’t be null! s = n; // Warning! Really! WriteLine(s.Length); // Sure; it’s not null WriteLine(n.Length); // Warning! Could be null! if (n != null) { WriteLine(n.Length); } // Sure; you checked WriteLine(n!.Length); // Ok, if you insist!
- 32. Async streams and disposables IAsyncEnumerable<Person> people = database.GetPeopleAsync(); foreach await (var person in people) { // use person } using await (IAsyncDisposable resource = await store.GetRecordAsync(…)) { // use resource }
- 33. Default implementations public interface IEnumerator { object Current { get; } bool MoveNext(); void Reset() => throw new InvalidOperationException("Reset not supported"); } public interface IEnumerator<out T> : IDisposable, IEnumerator { new T Current { get; } object IEnumerator.Current => Current; }
- 34. Records and discriminated unions class Person : IEquatable<Person> { public string First { get; } public string Last { get; } public Person(string First, string Last) { this.First = First; this.Last = Last; } public void Deconstruct(out string first, out string last) { first = First; last = Last; } public bool Equals(Person other) => other != null && First == other.First && Last == other.Last; public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is Person other ? Equals(other) : false; public override int GetHashCode() => GreatHashFunction(First, Last); … } record Person(string First, string Last);
- 35. Primary constructors public class AccountController( UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager, ILogger<AccountController> logger) : Controller() { public UserManager<ApplicationUser> UserManager => userManager; public SignInManager<ApplicationUser> SignInManager => signInManager; ///... }
- 36. Creating immutable objects var p1 = new Point { X = 3, Y = 7 }; var p2 = p1 with { X = -p1.X };
- 37. Extension everything extension Enrollee extends Person { // static field static Dictionary<Person, Professor> enrollees = new(); // instance method public void Enroll(Professor supervisor) { enrollees[this] = supervisor; } // instance property public Professor Supervisor => enrollees.TryGetValue(this, out var supervisor) ? supervisor : null; // static property public static ICollection<Person> Students => enrollees.Keys; // instance constructor public Person(string name, Professor supervisor) : this(name) { this.Enroll(supervisor); } }
- 38. Questions?