NIOSH (1)

NIOSH (1)

• 1.
  ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﺴـﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪Introduction to‬‬ ‫‪National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ )ﻧﻴﻮﺵ( ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺃﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ، ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻌﺘﺒـﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ . ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬ ‫.‬ ‫. ﺷﻰء ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﻲ 0791 ﺟﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )‪(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ )‪(Department of Health and Human Services – HSS‬‬ ‫.‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫)ﺃﻭﺷﺎ( ﻛﻴﺎﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ، ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ 0009 ﻋﺎﻡ ﻝ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻹ ﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻴﺮﺓ ، 61 ﻭ 731 ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻤﻮﺗﻮﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻭ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ. ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ، ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻝﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ، ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺑﺤﻮﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ، ﻭﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ .‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ.‬ ‫ﺍ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ ، ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ . ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺟﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ.‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻧﻴـﻮﺵ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ )‪ ، (HHE‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮﺍء ﻃﻠﺐ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ . ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴـﺔ ﻣﻤﺜﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ.‬ ‫ﻡ ﺗـﺮﺟﻤﺔ ) ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ (‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺷـﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺒﻮﺵ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺻﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬