NIST CPS-related Slides

Collected NIST CPS Slides
from Multiple Presentations
Bob Marcus
Co-Chair NIST Big Data PWG
robert.marcus@et-strategies.com
Thursday, June 2, 16

Outline of Slides
・IoT to Cloud
・IoT Use Cases
・CPS Data Processing
・CPS Control
・CPS Engineering
・CPS Security
・CPS Management
・References

IoT to Cloud

Big Data Reference Architecture
From http://bigdatawg.nist.gov/_uploadﬁles/M0397_v1_2395481670.pdf

Domain Framework for CPS Systems
From https://s3.amazonaws.com/nist-sgcps/cpspwg/ﬁles/pwgglobal/CPS_PWG_Draft_Framework_for_Cyber_Physical_Systems_Release_1_0Final.pdf

NIST CPS Activities
From http://tinyurl.com/gv38c78

Cloud Reference Architecture
From http://www.nist.gov/customcf/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=909505

Interfacing CPS, Big Data, and Cloud Models by Bob Marcus
Data
Commands

Towards Cyber-Physical Cloud Computing

Beneﬁts of Cyber-Physical Cloud Computing (CPCC)
From www2.nict.go.jp/univ-com/isp/doc/NIST.IR.7951.pdf

Research Areas for Cyber-Physical Cloud Computing (CPCC)

Connecting Cyber-physical Systems to the Cloud

IoT Use Cases

High Level Cyber-Physical Cloud Scenario

Applications of Cyber-Physical Systems from NIST Study
From http://tinyurl.com/javobbr

NIST Logical Architecture for Smart Grid Enterprise Applications
From http://www.multispeak.org/ABOUT/SMARTGRID/Pages/MultiSpeakandtheNISTSmartGrid.aspx

Smart Networked Systems and Societies (SNSS)

From http://www2.nict.go.jp/univ-com/isp/doc/NIST.IR.7951.pdf
SmartNetworked Systems and Societies(SNSS) from NIST and NICT
SNSS combines:
● Networked Computer Systems
● Real-time Control System
● Sensor/Actuator Networks
● Social Networks
● Cloud Computing Services
● Humans

NIST SMART Grid Overview Diagram
From http://www.nist.gov/itl/ssd/cyber-physical-systems.cfmy.jpg

CPS and Smart Grid as System of Systems from NIST
From www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/SGAC-Meeting-Presentations.pdf

NIST Conceptual Architecture for the Smart Grid
From http://www.multispeak.org/ABOUT/SMARTGRID/Pages/MultiSpeakandtheNISTSmartGrid.aspx

Smart Disaster Response from NIST and NICT

From https://s3.amazonaws.com/nist-sgcps/cpspwg/pwgglobal/CPS_PWG_Draft_Framework_for_Cyber-Physical_Systems_Release_0_8_September_2015.pdf
Smart Transportation Systems from NIST

CPS Data Processing

Fractured CPS Standards

Challenges in Data Integration from NIST

JDL Data Fusion Framework from DoD
From Section 4.5.2.1 Data Fusion

CPS Control

Challenges in Multi-Level Decision Making

Analytics Challenges in CPS

CPS Node Architecture from NIST
From http://tinyurl.com/oyo7h9n

Hierarchical Real-Time Control System (RCS) by Albus
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_control_system

Node in Real-Time Control System (RCS) by Albus
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4D-RCS_Reference_Model_Architecture

CPS Engineering

Issues in Managing and Creating Cyber-Physical Systems
• Virtualized Sensor/Actuators
• Interconnectivity
• Data Integration (Semantics and Formats)
• Resource Provisioning
• Security & Privacy
• Performance
• Reliability
• Measurements
• Standards for CPCC

Virtualized Sensor Actuators

Interconnectivity

Data Integration (Semantics and Formats)

Resource Provisioning

Security & Privacy

Performance

Reliability

Measurements

Recommendations for Time in CPS Design from NIST

Cyber-Physical Cloud Systems Speciﬁcation Standards Needed

16 Characteristics of Cyber-Physical System of Systems
From http://tinyurl.com/jyybtqe
1. CPSs are designed and implemented in order to support human activities and well- being by
decentralized cooperative problem solving, in harmony with the techno- econo-social environment,
2. CPSs consist of a digital cyber-part and an analog physical-part, which are supposed to work
together towards the highest possible level of functional and structural synergy,
3. CPSs are functionally decentralized and geographically distributed open systems with blurred overall
system boundaries,
4. CPSs are capable not only to dynamically reconfigure their internal structure and reorganize their
functionality/behavior, but also to change their boundaries,
5. CPSs are constructed of very heterogeneous sets of active components, which can enter and leave the
collective at any time, and may encounter other systems with similar or conflicting objectives,
6. CPSs, as well as their components, may work in extreme temporal ranges (from instantaneous to
quasi-infinite, and beyond), and manifest on various spatial scales (from intercontinental to nano-
scales),
7. Components are typically hybrid structures, encapsulating various compositions of hardware (e.g.
transformer and actuator) entities and embedded cyber (e.g. software and knowledge) entities,
8. Components may have predefined, emergent or ad-hoc functional connections, or all, with other
interoperable components at multiple levels,

16Characteristics of Cyber-Physical System of Systems continued
From http://tinyurl.com/jyybtqe
9. Components may operate according to different problem solving strategies (plans) towards achieving
the overall objective of the system,
10. Components are knowledge-intensive and able to handle built-in formal knowledge, knowledge
obtained by sensors, and knowledge generated by reasoning and learning mechanisms,
11. Components are able to make situated decisions and strive for automated problem solving by
gathering descriptive information and applying context-dependent causal and procedural reasoning,
12 Components are able to memorize and learn from history and situations in an unsupervised manner
and to specialize themselves based on smart software agents and emergent intelligence,
13 Components are able to adapt to unpredictable system states or emergent environmental
circumstances, as well as to execute non-planned functional interactions and to act proactively,
14 Overall decision-making is distributed over a large number of components (agents), and is based on
the reﬂexive interactions among the components and multi-criteria analysis (optimization),
15 Contrary to their distributed and decentralized nature, CPSs need to operate and communicate in
real-time and in a synchronized manner,
16 System resources are managed different sophisticated strategies and maintain security, integrity and
reliability of the components and the CPSs as a whole.

Ideas for CPS Architecture and Platforms from NIST Workshop
From http://www.nist.gov/el/upload/CPS-WorkshopReport-1-30-13-Final.pdf
• Create an application speciﬁc open source platform that the CPS community can collaboratively populate and
strengthen
• Utilize a platform for interoperability, allowing for automatic negotiation of function and capabilities
• Develop a layered architecture that is not subverted by issues of time, (e.g., a three layered architecture
encompassing communications, utility, and value added)
• Apply understanding of biological or social systems to promote radical CPS architecture and platforms design
• Utilize abstractions that encapsulate multiple aspects (e.g., functional, behavioral, timing, quality of service, quality
of control) and multiple layers (e.g., application, network, and physical layers)
• Utilize plug and play components that produce predictable results, even for unanticipated interactions
• Employ automatic adapting and reconﬁguring architecture in response to failed/aging/drifting components
• Deploy architecture containing multi-level “safety nets” and security defenses
• Develop architectures that treat every component, product, and person as an active “node” on a network, for
consumers and producers of information

CPS Conceptual Domain Model from NIST

CPSView of System of Systems from NIST

NIST CPS Framework
From http://www.cpspwg.org/

CPS Domains, Facets, and Aspects from NIST

Assurance Facet of CPS from NIST

Cyber-Physical Systems Requirements from NIST and NICT
● Conﬁgurable/Agile
● Real Time Operation
● Big Data Support
● Reliable
● Decoupled
● Core Components
● Standardized Interfaces
● Software Deﬁned Networks
● Secure & Private
● Social Interaction
● Synchronized Clocks

Realization Facet of CPS from NIST

Federated CPS Simulations from NIST
From http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/SGAC-Meeting-Presentations.pdf

Innovative Features of CPS Systems from NIST

Cyber-Physical Systems Components from NIST and NICT

Cyber-Physical Systems Components continued

CPS Security

Recommended Interdisciplinary Design Areas from NIST

Cyber-Physical and Analog Design Layers from NIST

Recommended Design Considerations for CPS Security

Design Considerations for CPS Security continued

Security Incidents by Sector in FY 2013 from DHS

Challenges for Privacy and Security

Challenges to Cyber-Physical System Security
mPCDs = Mobile Personal Communication Device
SNSS = Smart Networked Systems and Society

CPS Management

Time-Aware CPS Device Model from NIST

CPS Network Manager (CNM) from NIST

References
Inventory of all Bob Marcus CPS Slides on Slideshare
http://www.slideshare.net/bobmarcus/inventory-of-my-cps-slide-sets

Reference Links (NIST)
NIST Big Data Reference Architecture
http://bigdatawg.nist.gov/_uploadﬁles/M0397_v1_2395481670.pdf
NIST Framework for CPS Systems
http://www.cpspwg.org/Portals/3/docs/CPS%20PWG%20Draft%20Framework%20for%20Cyber-Physical%20Systems%20Release%200.8%20September%202015.pdf
NIST Cloud Reference Architecture
http://www.nist.gov/customcf/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=909505
NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability
http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/NIST-SP-1108r3.pdf
NIST Hierarchical Real-Time Control System (RCS) from 1990’s
http://www2.ece.ohio-state.edu/~passino/RCSweb/rcssurvey.pdf
NIST Global Cities Team Challenge
https://www.us-ignite.org/globalcityteams/
Free 2013 NIST Report on Strategic Opportunities for 21th Century Cyber-Physical Systems
http://tinyurl.com/javobbr
Vision of Cyber-Physical Cloud Computing from NIST and Japanese NICT
http://www2.nict.go.jp/univ-com/isp/doc/NIST.IR.7951.pdf or
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2013/NIST.IR.7951.pdf
Towards an Internet of Everything IoT, CPS, and SNSS
http://tinyurl.com/gv38c78
Foundations for Innovation in Cyber-Physical Systems (NIST Workshop Report)
http://www.nist.gov/el/upload/CPS-WorkshopReport-1-30-13-Final.pdf

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