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Notable japanese volcanic eruptions
The document discusses Japan's vulnerability to volcanic eruptions due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire. It provides details about Shinmoedake volcano's 2011 eruption in Japan, which caused evacuations and damaged farmland. The key lessons are that communities must understand their region's volcanic history, prepare evacuation plans, implement early warning systems, and apply lessons learned to strengthen disaster resilience against future eruptions.
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Notable japanese volcanic eruptions
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- 2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PASTNOTABLE DISASTERS JAPAN PART 3: VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
- 3. NATURAL HAZARDS THATPLACE JAPAN’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK EARTHQUAKES GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE RESILIENCE TYPHOONS ENACT AND IMPLEMENT ENACT AND IMPLEMENT FLOODS POLICIES HAVING HIGH POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR BENEFIT/COST FOR LANDSLIDES COMMUNITY COMMUNITY RESILIENCE RESILIENCE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
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- 5. 542 OF THE1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE”
- 6. Japan lies alongthe Pacific Ring of Fire, a narrow zone around the Pacific Ocean where most of Earth's earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
- 7. VOLCANOES VOLCANOES ERUPT EVERYYEAR IN JAPAN AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF THE PACIFIC, PHILIPPINE, EURASIAN, AND NORTH AMERICAN PLATES
- 9. JAPAN’S VOLCANO FACTS •Of the 1,500 active volcanoes in the world, Japan has 108 of them.
- 10. JAPAN’S VOLCANO FACTS •Japan experiences an average of 10 volcanic eruptions per year.
- 11. CAUSES OF CAUSES OF RISK RISK LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS VOLCANIC VOLCANIC VOLCANIC ASH ERUPTIONS ERUPTIONS CASE HISTORIES LAVA FLOWS CASE HISTORIES LAHARS TOXIC GASES
- 12. VOLCANO RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK • VOLCANO HAZARDS • RISK PEOPLE & BLDGS. • VULNERABILITY UNACCEPTABLE RISK • LOCATION GOAL: VOLCANO JAPAN’S DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION COMMUNITIES POLICY OPTIONS • PREPAREDNESS HAZARDS: • PROTECTION GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE • EARLY WARNING SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC • EMERGENCY RESPONSE DEFORMATION • RECOVERY and TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS RECONSTRUCTION
- 13. VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVEFAR REACHING IMPACTS • VERTICAL PLUME (can affect jet aircraft) • ASH AND TEPHRA • LATERAL BLAST • PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS, BURSTS, AND FLOWS
- 14. VOLCANO HAZARDS CANHAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS • LAVA FLOWS • LAHARS (can bury villages) • EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava) • “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing famine and mass extinctions)
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- 16. JAPAN’S MOST NOTABLE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS MOUNT UNZEN--MAY 21, 1792
- 17. MT. UNZEN • Mt.Unzen’s eruption on May 21, 1792, was one of the worst in Japan’s long history of volcanic eruptions. • Mount Unzen is located near the city of Shimabara in Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu
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- 19. REMEMBERING THE MAY21, 1792’S DISASTER • About 1 month after the lava from Mt Unzen’s eruption stopped flowing, a massive landslide on the flank of nearby Mount Mayuyama swept through ancient Shimabara City, entered the sea, and generated a tsunami. • More than 15,000 people were killed by the landslide and tsunami
- 20. JAPAN’S VOLCANO FACTS •Mt. Unzen and Mt. Sakurajima are considered to be two of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world because of their potential for a violent eruption that would have devastating impacts on the surrounding high- density population centers..
- 21. SOME OF JAPAN’SCURRENTLY ACTIVE VOLCANOES • Mount Meakan Mount Usu Mount Asama Torishima Sakurajima Suwanosejima Oyama
- 22. SHINMOEDAKE ERUPTS IN JAPAN eruption began at 7:30 AM Although called a minor eruption, it was the largest eruption since 1959 JANUARY 26-31, 2011
- 23. SHINMOEDAKE; JANUARY 26-31, 2011
- 24. JAPAN HAS 104ACTIVE VOLCANOES The 1,421-m (4,662-ft) Mount Shinmoedake is a part of the Kirishima volcano complex comprised of 20 active volcanoes
- 25. Mount Shinmoedake is locatedon the border of the Miyazaki and Kagoshima prefectures
- 26. In the previousfour months, Miyazaki prefecture had also suffered from an epidemic of the H5N1 bird flu, and a foot-and- mouth epidemic that was expected to cause ~ $ 2 billion in economic losses for the local livestock industry.
- 27. The inflation ofthe Shinmoedake volcano that eventually culminated in an eruption had been underway since December 2009
- 28. May 10, 2010to January 26, 2011: ~6 million m3 (0.006 km3) of magma in a reservoir at 6 km depth ~10 km west-nw from Shinmoedake and another 1 million m3 (0.001 km3) of magma at 3 km depth under the Shinmoedake cone itself.
- 29. The eruption producedlava fountains, andesitic lava flows, lightning, and ash emissions that reached a height of nearly 5 miles (7.5 km)
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- 32. Approximately 13,000 hectaresof farm land were damaged by the falling ash deposits.
- 33. Flights in theregion were canceled and 1,100 people in the vicinity were evacuated to gymnasiums and other facilities in the town of Takaharu, seven miles east of Kirishima.
- 34. ERUPTION VIEWED FROM TAKAHARU
- 35. TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR VOLCANOES RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • COST • EXPOSURE VOLCANIC VOLCANIC EXPECTED POLICY ERUPTIONS EXPECTED POLICY ERUPTIONS • EVENT LOSS LOSS ADOPTION ADOPTION • BENEFIT POLICY •CONSEQUENCES ASSESSMENT
- 36. THE KEYS TORESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES, 2) BE PREPARED 3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE 5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND START OVER
- 37. MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES AND WARNINGSYSTEMS ARE A VITAL PART OF SURVIVAL.
- 38. AIR AND LANDMONITORING TECHNOLOGIES ARE VITAL .