Turning a lecture on its head:
                             flip teaching in the university classroom


                                                      Alison Campbell1 & Kevin Gould2

                                                                                         Flipping lectures is
                                                                                         harder than it looks
                                                                                           (FYBEC 2011)




© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO               15 October 2012                      1
„Flipping‟ lectures – treating lectures as really, really
              large tutorials, where the students do the work.

              Opportunities for active learning.

              Necessary content as reading assignments (or from
              prior lectures).




© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   2
Research-based, has positive impact on students‟ learning

   e.g. Deslauriers L., Schelew E., & Wieman C. (2011).
   Improved learning in a large-enrolment physics
   class. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332 (6031), 862-4
   PMID: 21566198




© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   3
Control classes               ‘Flip’ class
    Attendance                                                 55-57%                       75%
    Engagement                                                   45%                        85%
    Test before (mean)                                           47%                        47%

    Test after (mean)                                            41%                        74%


                       77% felt that they‟d learn more if the entire
                       first-year physics course was taught that way.

                                                           (from: Deslauriers, Schelew & Wieman, 2011)


© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO               15 October 2012                   4
Haak D.C., HilleRisLambers J., Pitre E., &
                                 Freeman S. (2011). Increased structure and
                                 active learning reduce the achievement gap
                                 in introductory biology. Science (New
                                 York, N.Y.), 332(6034), 1213-6
 25.00%                          PMID: 21636776

 20.00%
                                                              fail rate, Caucasian
 15.00%                                                    & non-Caucasian students
                                                               Haak et al. (2011)
 10.00%

    5.00%

    0.00%


© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO         15 October 2012      5
Their study looked at the impacts of:

      Original teaching style: traditional lecture format.

      First „treatment‟: lectures plus daily MC questions & weekly
      practice tests.

      Second „treatment‟: no lectures: pre-class reading
      quizzes, daily MC questions, weekly practice
      tests, extensive group work in class.




© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   6
“The highly structured [third] approach resulted in another
      increase in overall performance by all students, compared
      with the low-structure, lecture-intensive course with no
      required active learning and the moderate-structure design
      based on clickers and a weekly practice exam.”

      “… although all students benefit from [highly structured
      teaching], [non-Caucasian] students experience a
      disproportionate benefit.”

                                                   from Haak, HilleRisLambers, Pitre, & Freeman (2011).



© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO               15 October 2012                    7
Design-a-
plant




            15 October 2012   8
© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   9
© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   10
© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   11
© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   12
How did students perceive this form of learning?
                   Please comment on the „design-a-plant‟ and „design-an-animal‟
                   exercises – what was their impact on your understanding of plant &
                   animal form & function?

                                                           These were great as it
                                                           put to work what had
                                                           been learned (or not) &
                                                           gave me a better idea of
      I found these to be a
                                                           how many things are
      waste of a lecture as they
                                                           interrelated.
      didn‟t enhance my                                                               Good – maybe
      understanding at all.                                                           could be mini-
                                                                                      assignments or
                                                                                      done in tuts to not
                                                                                      use up lecture
                                                                                      time?




© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO            15 October 2012                         13
Very helpful way to use
                                                       the information we had
                                                      acquired. Helped to back
                                                        up my understanding                     Positive impact on
                                                                                                understanding of
                                                                                                concepts.


        Very
        useful, reinforces
        previous
        knowledge &
        lectures in a fun
        way.                                                                                 Helpful and fun. Made
                                                                                             you really think about
                            Able to comprehend                                               the environmental
                            suitable life-forms                                              factors affecting
                            applicable to given                                              animal/plant design.
                            environments and utilise
                            the info learned in lectures
                            in a practical manner.


© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO                   15 October 2012                            14
What else do students gain?

             • Peer-assisted learning

             • Practice at written & oral communication of ideas

             • Group work




© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   15
But remember to:
              • Plan carefully.

              • Explain carefully what you are going to do, and
                why.

              • Assess learning appropriately.




© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   16
So, why not give
                        flip teaching a go?




© THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO   15 October 2012   17

NTLT 2012 - Pecha Kucha 2, Alison Campbell - Turning a lecture on its head: Flip teaching in the university classroom

  • 1.
    Turning a lectureon its head: flip teaching in the university classroom Alison Campbell1 & Kevin Gould2 Flipping lectures is harder than it looks (FYBEC 2011) © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 1
  • 2.
    „Flipping‟ lectures –treating lectures as really, really large tutorials, where the students do the work. Opportunities for active learning. Necessary content as reading assignments (or from prior lectures). © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 2
  • 3.
    Research-based, has positiveimpact on students‟ learning e.g. Deslauriers L., Schelew E., & Wieman C. (2011). Improved learning in a large-enrolment physics class. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332 (6031), 862-4 PMID: 21566198 © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 3
  • 4.
    Control classes ‘Flip’ class Attendance 55-57% 75% Engagement 45% 85% Test before (mean) 47% 47% Test after (mean) 41% 74% 77% felt that they‟d learn more if the entire first-year physics course was taught that way. (from: Deslauriers, Schelew & Wieman, 2011) © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 4
  • 5.
    Haak D.C., HilleRisLambersJ., Pitre E., & Freeman S. (2011). Increased structure and active learning reduce the achievement gap in introductory biology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6034), 1213-6 25.00% PMID: 21636776 20.00% fail rate, Caucasian 15.00% & non-Caucasian students Haak et al. (2011) 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 5
  • 6.
    Their study lookedat the impacts of: Original teaching style: traditional lecture format. First „treatment‟: lectures plus daily MC questions & weekly practice tests. Second „treatment‟: no lectures: pre-class reading quizzes, daily MC questions, weekly practice tests, extensive group work in class. © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 6
  • 7.
    “The highly structured[third] approach resulted in another increase in overall performance by all students, compared with the low-structure, lecture-intensive course with no required active learning and the moderate-structure design based on clickers and a weekly practice exam.” “… although all students benefit from [highly structured teaching], [non-Caucasian] students experience a disproportionate benefit.” from Haak, HilleRisLambers, Pitre, & Freeman (2011). © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 7
  • 8.
    Design-a- plant 15 October 2012 8
  • 9.
    © THE UNIVERSITYOF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 9
  • 10.
    © THE UNIVERSITYOF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 10
  • 11.
    © THE UNIVERSITYOF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 11
  • 12.
    © THE UNIVERSITYOF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 12
  • 13.
    How did studentsperceive this form of learning? Please comment on the „design-a-plant‟ and „design-an-animal‟ exercises – what was their impact on your understanding of plant & animal form & function? These were great as it put to work what had been learned (or not) & gave me a better idea of I found these to be a how many things are waste of a lecture as they interrelated. didn‟t enhance my Good – maybe understanding at all. could be mini- assignments or done in tuts to not use up lecture time? © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 13
  • 14.
    Very helpful wayto use the information we had acquired. Helped to back up my understanding Positive impact on understanding of concepts. Very useful, reinforces previous knowledge & lectures in a fun way. Helpful and fun. Made you really think about Able to comprehend the environmental suitable life-forms factors affecting applicable to given animal/plant design. environments and utilise the info learned in lectures in a practical manner. © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 14
  • 15.
    What else dostudents gain? • Peer-assisted learning • Practice at written & oral communication of ideas • Group work © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 15
  • 16.
    But remember to: • Plan carefully. • Explain carefully what you are going to do, and why. • Assess learning appropriately. © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 16
  • 17.
    So, why notgive flip teaching a go? © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 15 October 2012 17