Downloaded 91 times
More Related Content
Similar to Nursing management theories
Nursing management theories
- 1. MS. ANISHA VADAKKEPATT FACULTYIN NURSING
- 2. DEFINITION • Management theoriesare the set of general rules that guide the managers to manage an organization. Theories are an explanation to assist employees to effectively relate to the goals and implement effective means to achieve the same.
- 3. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY Thetheory pointed management is a true science, resting upon clearing fixed laws, rules, and principles, as a foundation. The two assumptions related to scientific management include:- The application of method of science to organizational problems leads to higher industrial efficiency. Observation, measurement, and experimental comparison are these methods. The incentives of high wages will promote the mutuality of interest between workers and managers which, in its turn will lead to higher productivity.
- 4. TAYLOR’S THEORY OFSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT He is father of scientific management. Taylor’s theory of scientific management aimed at improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. Taylor had a simple view about what motivated people at work - money. He felt that workers should get a fair day's pay for a fair day's work, and that pay should be linked to the amount produced. Therefore he introduced the DIFFERENTIAL PIECE RATE SYSTEM of paying wages to the workers.
- 5. • Four Principlesof Scientific Management are : Time and motion study - Study the way jobs are performed and find new ways to do them. Teach , train and develop the workman with improved methods of doing work. Codify the new methods into rules. Interest of employer & employees should be fully harmonized so as to secure mutually understanding relations between them. Establish fair levels of performance and pay a premium for higher performance. PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
- 6. ACHIEVEMENTS OF TAYLOR:- time oriented Improve the wages
- 7. CONT…… Responsibilities ofmanagement were separated from the functions of the worker. Develop systematic approach to determine the most efficient means of production.
- 8. CONT……… … Plan trainthe workers an incentive plan to pay the workers according to the rate of production Increased production and produce higher profits.
- 9. EFFECTS OF TIMEMOTION STUDY Reduced wasted efforts. Set standards of performance. Encourage specialization and stressed on the selection of qualified workers
- 10. HENRY L. GANTT(1861-1910) According to Gantt theory, a Gantt chart is a bar chart showing the progression of time through the phases of a project. The charts can be simple or complex, depending on the needs of the project manager and the team. e.g:- As you are deciding on how to manage a project, consider the following use of both resources and time when evaluating projects. What are the milestones and their deadlines in your project? How much time is needed to meet each of the milestone deadlines?
- 11. EMERSON (1861 -1936) Mainemphasis on conservation and organizational goals and objectives. Principles of efficiency related to:- Interpersonal relations in management. Goals and ideas should be clear , the primary objective is to produce the best product as quickly as possible at minimal expense. Changes should be evaluated, management should not ignore “commonsense” by assuming that big is necessarily better. Competent counsel “is essential.
- 12. CHARLES BABBAGE (1792-1871) CharlesBabbage, a scientist mainly interested in mathematics, contributed to the management theory by developing the principles of cost accounting and the nature of relationship between various disciplines. He laid down the foundation of much work. Division and assignment of work on the basis of skill The means of determining the feasibility of replacing manual operations with automatic machinery.
- 13. CLASSIC ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY Classical approaches to organizational management and early organizational theories were designed to predict and control behavior in organizations. Emerged in early part of the twentieth century. Models were military and the Catholic Church. Features strict control of workers absolute chains of command predictability of behavior unidirectional downward influence
- 14. There arethree pioneers of this theory:- Henry fayol:- Fayol was born in France, where he worked for a coal-mining business. He developed 14 administrative principles for organizational structure and management. Functions of management:- Planning policies programmes and procedures. Organizations based on the hierarchy of authority. Directing the business in order to gain optimum return from all workers. Coordination, signifying harmony in activities of the
- 15. Division of WorkEquity Discipline Initiative Authority and responsibility Esprit De Corps Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest Stability Of Tenure Remuneration Unity Of Direction Centralization Scalar Chain Order Unity of Command Administrative Management Theory Henri Fayol known as the FATHER OF MANAGEMENT laid down the 14 principles of Management :
- 16. MAX WEBBER THEORY:- He is the German psychologist. He earned the title of father of organization. His conceptualization were on bureaucracy. The three basis for authority:- Traditional authority,, which he accepted because it seems things have always been that way such as the rule of a king in a monarchy. Charisma, having a strong influential personality. Rational legal authority which is considered rational in formal organization because the person has demonstrated the knowledge and skills, ability, to fulfil the position.
- 18. HUMAN RELATION THEORY:- Thehuman relations movement began in 1940’s. Focused on the effect that the individual have on the success or failure of an organization.
- 19.
- 20. CONT… She alsobelieved that organization is a social system and management as a social process.
- 21. LEWIN THEORY (1890-1947) Lewin focused on group dynamics. He maintained that groups have personalities of their own: composition of the members personalities. He showed that group forces can overcome individual interests.
- 22.
- 23. Behavioural Theory OfManagement Elton Mayo's experiments showed an increase in worker productivity was produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out, involved, and made to feel important. Hawthorne Effect, can be summarized as “Employees will respond positively to any novel change in work environment like better illumination, clean work stations, relocating workstations etc. Employees are more productive because they know they are being studied. ELTON MAYO
- 24. DOUGLAS Mc.GREGOR THEORY (1932) An American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. Mc.Gregor is the father of the classical theory of management which termed theory.
- 26. RENSIS LIKERT THEORY Dr Rensis Likert has studied human behaviour with in many organization. He is also famous for developing the likert scale, a psychometric scale commonly involved in research questionnaire. Factors influenced by Likert scale:- Motivation Managerial Communication Decision making process Goal setting Staff development
- 27.
- 28. MODERN MANAGEMENT THEORIES Quantitative approach: - (Interdisciplinary approach and combination and interaction of different sciences.) System approach: - According to this” the organization is unified, each unit must connect to the organization as whole. It consists coordination and effective communication between the whole system. Contingency approach:- The contingency approach is a management theory that suggests the most appropriate style of management is dependent on the context of the situation and that adopting a single, rigid style is inefficient in the long term.
- 29.
- 30. CONT…… According tohim in real world and different disciplines similarities could developed into a general system model. The similarities were:- Study of organization State of equilibrium Openness of all systems and their influences on the environment and environment influences on the system.
- 31. LUTHER GULLICK (1892-1993) Gullick is often considered the 'Dean of Public Administration.' He applied administrative management theory principles to government. He condensed the duties of administration into the famous acronym “POSDCORB”.
- 33. CONT…….. He wasmuch influenced by the Taylor and Fayol. And then he expressed his principles of administration as follow. Divison of work or specialization Bases of departmental organization Coordination through hierarchy Deliberate coordination Decentralization Unity of command Staff and line Delegation Span of control
- 34. LYNDAL URWICK Urwickwas born in England in 1891. Lyndal concentrated his efforts on the discovery of principles and identified ten principles of administration.
- 35. CONT….. • Theprinciples of objective – the overall purpose or objective • is the raison d’être of every organization. • The principles of specialization- one group, one function. • The principles of coordination – the process of organizing is primarily to ensure coordination. • The principles of authority- every group should have a supreme authority with clear line of authority to other members of the group. • The principles of responsibility – the superior is absolutely responsible for the acts of his subordinates.
- 36. CONT……. The principlesof definitions – jobs, with their duties and relationships, should be clear defined. The principles of correspondence – authority should be commensurate with responsibility. The span of control no one should be responsible for more than direct subordinates whose work is interlocked. The principles of balance – the various units of the organization should be kept in balance. The principles of continuity – the structure should provide for the continuity of activities
- 37. CRITICAL THEORY VERSUSCRITICAL THINKING Critical theory:- critical theory is an empirical philosophy of social institution. It is translated into practice by decision makers, in these case nurse managers includes the organizational development, management by objectives or results performance appraisal, and other practice oriented activities performed by managers. Critical thinking :- it is both philosophical orientation toward thinking and a cognition process characterized by reasoned judgement and reflective thinking.
- 38. Abraham H. Maslow(1908-1970) • Receiving his doctorate in psychology, he was the first psychologist to develop a theory of motivation based upon a consideration of human needs.
- 39. MASLOW’S THEORY OFHUMAN NEEDS.
- 40.
- 41. BIBLIOGRAPHY K. Deepak,Emmess Medicalpublishers. A comprehensive textbook on nursing management, Theories of nursing management pp.64-75. Basavanthappa.BT, Jaypee publisher,2nd edition. Nursing Administration.pp.105-118. Jogindra vati, Ps & practice of Nursing management & administration, Jaypee publications, 1st Edition, 2013, Page no.23-45