Nutrient Use Efficiency: Molecular Mechanism and Advances
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Nutrient use efficiency is important for sustainable crop production as global crop demand increases. Nutrient use efficiency refers to a plant's ability to acquire and utilize nutrients for growth. It can be improved through agronomic practices, molecular breeding, and biotechnology approaches. Recent research has identified genes and molecular mechanisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency. For example, the DEP1 gene regulates rice growth responses to nitrogen by controlling cell division and plays a role in nitrogen metabolism and uptake. While knowledge and tools are available, improving nutrient use efficiency remains complex due to its integration with multiple biological processes.
Nutrient Use Efficiency: Molecular Mechanism and Advances
- 1. Nutrient Use Efficiency: Molecular Mechanism and Advances Amandeep Kaur L-2014-A-12-D
- 2. Overview
- 3. Introduction and Importance Global crop demand will increase by 100 to 110% from 2005 to 2050 http://thewarmongerreport.blogspot.in/2013/08/overpopulation-why-its-happening-and.html Major challenge: Sustainable Crop Production
- 4. Sustainable Crop Production By expanding the land area By increasing yields per unit area Chemical Fertilizers http://www.thehindu.com/ http://www.kingbo.com.cn/doce/eye01.asp
- 5. Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) Ability of a genotype/cultivar to acquire nutrients from growth medium and/or to incorporate or utilize them in the production of shoot and root biomass or utilizable plant material (seed, grain, fruits, forage) Overall performance Optimum nourishment Nutrient losses from the field
- 6. Evaluation of NUE Hawkesford M J (2012) DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0023734
- 7. Factors affecting NUE in Plants Baligar et al (2001) Soil Science and Plant Analysis 32: (7-8): 921-950
- 8. Improving Nutrient use Efficiency Agronomy Molecular Breeding • Nitrate reductase •Glutamine synthetase •Alanine amino transferase Depth Proliferation Lateral root production
- 9. Hawkesford M J and Barraclough P (2011) In:The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops
- 10. Biotechnology of NUE Hawkesford M J and Barraclough P (2011) In:The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops
- 11. Nitrogen Efficiency Engineering López-Arredondo et al (2013) Int J Dev Biol 57: 595-610
- 12. Phosphorus Efficiency Engineering López-Arredondo et al (2013) Int J Dev Biol 57: 595-610
- 13. Phosphite oxidoreductase System López-Arredondo et al (2013) Int J Dev Biol 57: 595-610
- 14. (a) Nanjing6 (NJ6) (b) Qiangzhonglang2 (QZL2) (c) RIL-D22 (d) RIL-D04
- 15. qNGR9: major QTL for N- mediated growth responses
- 16. qNGR9 synonymous with DEP1 • NIL-qNGR9 plants: nitrogen response with respect to plant height • NIL-qNGR9 plants over- expressing dep1-1 cDNA amplified from QZL2: nitrogen- insensitive responses • NIL-dep1-1 plants: largely unresponsive
- 17. DEP1: required for N response
- 18. dep1-32: variant thought to increase yield of japonica varieties
- 20. DEP1protein required for vegetative growth response
- 21. Different Alleles - Different Response???
- 22. DEP1 controlling amount and direction of cell division Two contrasting effects of dep1-1 allele on plant architecture •Repressing longitudinal cell division and plant height during vegetative growth period •Promoting cell proliferation and panicle branching during the reproductive stage
- 23. Differential Effects – to what extent?? • DEP1 regulates both plant developmental responses to nitrogen and nitrogen metabolism • dep1-1 allele is involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation, more than the DEP1 allele
- 24. Differential Effects – to what extent??
- 25. Effect on plant architecture
- 26. Comparison with the semi-dwarf1 gene NIL–dep1-1 plants retained their productivity advantage even under conditions of low nitrogen availability
- 27. DEP1 protein - a plant-specific G protein γ subunit Localization of the RGB1-GFP fusion protein in the root of transgenic cv. Nipponbare plants
- 28. Up- and Down- regulation of RGB1 confers phenotype similar to NIL-dep1-32
- 29. Transgenic plants over-expressing RGB1 show reduced nitrogen response
- 30. Interaction between RGA1 and DEP1 • d1-1 allele confers lack of RGA1 resulting in severe dwarf phenotype • Semi-dwarf phenotype of the Chinese cultivar Xueheaizao (XHAZ) is conferred by the d1XHAZ allele (low abundance of RGA1)
- 31. Conclusions • Vast knowledge and genetic modification tools available • Complex integrated biological processes • Better understanding of rhizosphere components • Improving traits that confer tolerance to nutrient deficiency
- 32. ‘Second Green Revolution’ Dream or Reality????