O que há de novo no Rails 3

Rails 3

Hugo Baraúna blog.plataformatec.com @hugobarauna

Rails 3

ID blog twitter


Quem sou eu?
• Hugo Baraúna

• 24 anos

• Engenharia de Computação na Politécnica da USP

• Desenvolvedor Ruby e Rails há mais de 3 anos

• Co-fundador e engenheiro da Plataforma Tecnologia


Desevolvemos
aplicações em Rails

Coaching em Consultoria
Rails e Agile


Arquitetura
Rails 3

Rails

ActionDispatch

ActiveSupport


Arquitetura
Todo o resto são
Rails 3 Railties!

Rails

ActionDispatch

ActiveSupport


Arquitetura
Todo o resto são
Rails 3 Railties!
ActiveRecord

Rails
ActionView
ActionDispatch
outros...
ActiveSupport
ActionController

ActionMailer


Vantagens do Rails 3



Performance



Agnóstico

Performance



Modularidade

Agnóstico

Performance


Instalação

guru/code$ gem install tzinfo builder memcache-client rack
rack-test rack-mount erubis mail text-format thor bundler
i18n

guru/code$ gem install rails --pre


rails command
Rails 2.3 Rails 3
ruby script/server rails server
ruby script/console rails console
ruby script/generate rails generate
ruby script/dbconsole rails dbconsole


blog/conﬁg.ru

require ::File.expand_path('../config/environment', __FILE__)
run Blog::Application


blog/conﬁg/application.rb
require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)
require 'rails/all'

Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env) if defined?(Bundler)

module Blog
class Application < Rails::Application
config.encoding = "utf-8"
config.filter_parameters += [:password]
end
end


blog/conﬁg/application.rb
require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)
require 'rails/all'

Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env) if defined?(Bundler)

module Blog uma Rack App!
class Application < Rails::Application
config.encoding = "utf-8"
config.filter_parameters += [:password]
end
end


blog/conﬁg/boot.rb
require 'rubygems'

# Set up gems listed in the Gemfile.
gemfile = File.expand_path('../../Gemfile', __FILE__)
begin
ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = gemfile
require 'bundler'
Bundler.setup
rescue Bundler::GemNotFound => e
STDERR.puts e.message
STDERR.puts "Try running `bundle install`."
exit!
end if File.exist?(gemfile)


Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
Responders
ARel
Unobtrusive Javascript
XSS Protection


Biblioteca para gerenciamento de
dependências


# Gemfile
source 'http://rubygems.org'

# Bundle edge Rails instead:
gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git'
gem 'mysql'
gem 'devise', :git => 'git://github.com/plataformatec/
devise.git'
gem 'responders', :git => 'git://github.com/plataformatec/
responders.git'

group :development do
gem 'ruby-debug'
end

group :test do
gem 'rspec'
gem 'rspec-rails', '>= 2.0.0.beta'
end


Resolução de dependências



guru/code$ gem dependency actionpack -v="2.3.5"
Gem actionpack-2.3.5
activesupport (= 2.3.5, runtime)
rack (~> 1.0.0, runtime)

guru/code$ gem dependency thin
Gem thin-1.2.7
daemons (>= 1.0.9, runtime)
eventmachine (>= 0.12.6, runtime)
rack (>= 1.0.0, runtime)


require "rubygems"
require "thin"
gem "actionpack", "2.3.5"


require "rubygems"
require "thin"

can't activate rack (~> 1.0.0, runtime) for
["actionpack-2.3.5"], already activated rack-1.1.0 for
["thin-1.2.7"] (Gem::LoadError)


Gemﬁle
# Gemfile
gem "thin"


Gemﬁle
# Gemfile
gem "thin"

guru/code$ bundle list
Gems included by the bundle:
* actionpack (2.3.5)
* activesupport (2.3.5)
* daemons (1.0.10)
* eventmachine (0.12.10)
* rack (1.0.1)
* thin (1.2.7)


Lock no $LOAD_PATH


Esqueci de colocar no conﬁg.gem!


}
guru/code$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***

bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
Filesystem
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)


}
guru/code$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***

bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
Filesystem
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)

# Gemfile
gem “rake”, “0.8.5”
} Gemﬁle


}
guru/code$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***

bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
Filesystem
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)

# Gemfile
gem “rake”, “0.8.5”
} Gemﬁle

rake-0.8.5
} $LOAD_PATH


guru/code$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)


guru/code$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)

# Gemfile
gem "rake"


guru/code$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)

# Gemfile
gem "rake"

# test_load_path_lock.rb
require "rubygems"
require "bundler"
Bundler.setup
require "rake"
require "thor"


guru/code$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)

# Gemfile
gem "rake"

require "rubygems"
require "bundler"
Bundler.setup Lock no $LOAD_PATH
require "rake"
require "thor"


guru/code$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)

# Gemfile
gem "rake"

require "rubygems"
require "bundler"
Bundler.setup Lock no $LOAD_PATH
require "rake"
require "thor"

guru/code$ ruby test_load_path_lock.rb
test_load_path_lock.rb:6:in `require': no such ﬁle to load -- thor (LoadError)

from test_load_path_lock.rb:6


Router


Nova API


Rotas root
Rails 2.3

map.root :controller => "welcome"

Rails 3
root :to => "welcome#index"


Rotas comum
Rails 2.3

map.connect "products/:id", controller=> "catalog", :action => "view"

Rails 3
match 'products/:id' => 'catalog#view'


Named routes
Rails 2.3
map.purchase "products/:id/purchase", :controller => "catalog",
:action => "purchase"

Rails 3
match "products/:id/purchase" => 'catalog#purchase',
:as => :purchase


Resources com member e
collection
Rails 2.3

map.resources :products, :member => { :short => :get,
:toggle => :post }, :collection => { :sold => :get }

resources :products do
Rails 3 member do
get :short
post :toggle
end

collection do
get :sold
end
end

Router and Rack FTW!


Rack FTW!


Rack FTW!
match "posts/:echo" => "posts#show"


Rack FTW!
uma Rack App!
match "posts/:echo" => PostsController.action(:show)


Rack FTW!

uma Rack App!
match "posts/:echo" => lambda { |env| [ 200, {“Content-Type” =>
“plain/text”}, ["Echo!"] ] }


Rack FTW!


match "posts/:echo" => lambda { |env| [ 200, {“Content-Type” =>
“plain/text”}, ["Echo!"] ] }
uma Rack App!
match "posts/:echo" => MySinatraBlog


ActionMailer new API


guru/code$ rails g mailer Notifier signup_notification
create app/mailers/notifier.rb
invoke erb
create app/views/notifier
create app/views/notifier/signup_notification.text.erb
invoke test_unit
create test/functional/notifier_test.rb

guru/code$ ls -lp app/
controllers/
helpers/
mailers/
models/
views/


guru/code$ rails g mailer Notifier signup_notification
create app/mailers/notifier.rb
invoke erb
create app/views/notifier
create app/views/notifier/signup_notification.text.erb
invoke test_unit
create test/functional/notifier_test.rb

guru/code$ ls -lp app/
controllers/
helpers/
mailers com diretório próprio
mailers/
models/
views/


class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
default :from => "system@example.com"

def signup_notification(recipient)
@account = recipient
attachments['image.jpg'] = File.read
("image.jpg")
mail(:to => recipient.email) do |format|
format.html
format.text
end
end
end


Variáveis default :from => "system@example.com"
de
instância def signup_notification(recipient)
@account = recipient
attachments['image.jpg'] = File.read
("image.jpg")
format.html
format.text
end
end
end


de
@account = recipient Attachments tipo
attachments['image.jpg'] = File.read cookies
("image.jpg")
format.html
format.text
end
end
end


de
@account = recipient Attachments tipo
attachments['image.jpg'] = File.read cookies
("image.jpg")
format.html
format.text
end
end mail tipo respond_to do |format|
end


AbstractController::Base

ActionController::Metal

ActionMailer::Base ActionController::Base


ActiveModel


ActiveModel
• Google Summer of Code 2009:


ActiveModel

• Extraira lógica comum entre ActiveRecord e
ActiveResource


ActiveModel

ActiveResource

• Hoje


ActiveModel

ActiveResource

• Hoje

• Desempenha papel no agnosticismo de ORM


ActiveModel

ActiveResource

• Hoje

• Desempenha papel no agnosticismo de ORM

• Permite a criação de models à la ActiveRecord


ActiveResource::Base +
ActiveModel
module ActiveResource
...
class Base
extend ActiveModel::Naming
include CustomMethods, Observing, Validations
include ActiveModel::Conversion
include ActiveModel::Serializers::JSON
include ActiveModel::Serializers::Xml
end
end
end


ActiveRecord::Base +
ActiveModel
Base.class_eval do
...
extend ActiveModel::Naming
...
include ActiveModel::Conversion
include Validations
...
include Callbacks, ActiveModel::Observing, Timestamp
end
end


Agnosticismo de ORM


Agnosticismo de ORM

Agnosticismo de ORM

ActiveModel Rails::Railtie


Agnosticismo de ORM

Agnosticismo de ORM


Provê uma API para que o
ActionPack possa conversar com o
ORM


Agnosticismo de ORM

Agnosticismo de ORM


Provê uma API para que o
Integração do ORM com o Rails
ActionPack possa conversar com o
ORM


ActiveModel::Lint::Tests


module ActiveModel
module Lint
module Tests

def test_to_key
assert model.respond_to?(:to_key), "The model should respond to to_key"
def model.persisted?() false end
assert model.to_key.nil?
end

def test_to_param
assert model.respond_to?(:to_param), "The model should respond to to_param"
assert model.to_param.nil?
end

def test_valid?
assert model.respond_to?(:valid?), "The model should respond to valid?"
assert_boolean model.valid?, "valid?"
end
...
def test_persisted?
assert model.respond_to?(:persisted?), "The model should respond to persisted?"
assert_boolean model.persisted?, "persisted?"
end

def test_errors_aref
assert model.respond_to?(:errors), "The model should respond to errors"
assert model.errors[:hello].is_a?(Array), "errors#[] should return an Array"
end

def test_errors_full_messages
assert model.respond_to?(:errors), "The model should respond to errors"
assert model.errors.full_messages.is_a?(Array), "errors#full_messages should return an Array"
end

end
end
end


def test_to_param
assert model.respond_to?(:to_param), "The model should
respond to to_param"
assert model.to_param.nil?
end

def test_valid?
assert model.respond_to?(:valid?), "The model should
respond to valid?"
assert_boolean model.valid?, "valid?"
end
...

def test_errors_aref
assert model.respond_to?(:errors), "The model should
respond to errors"
assert model.errors[:hello].is_a?(Array), "errors#[]
should return an Array"
end


ActiveRecord-like
Ótimo exemplo de uso do ActiveModel

http://github.com/plataformatec/mail_form


Responders


RAILS 2.3

def index
@users = User.all
respond_to do |format|
format.html # index.html.erb
format.xml { render :xml => @users }
end
end


RAILS 3.0

respond_to :html, :xml

def index
@users = User.all
respond_with(@users)
end


Navigational API

GET

POST

PUT

DELETE


respond_to :html, :xml

def index
@users = User.all
end


Navigational API
render
GET render template
collection.to_format

POST

PUT

DELETE


RAILS 2.3
def create
@user = User.new(params[:user])
respond_to do |format|
if @user.save
format.html { redirect_to @user, :notice => 'User was
successfully created' }
format.xml { render :xml => @user, :status
=> :created, :location => @user }
else
format.html { render :action => "new" }
format.xml { render :xml => @user.errors, :status
=> :unprocessable_entity }
end
end
end


RAILS 3.0

def create
flash[:notice] = 'User was successfully created' if @user.save
respond_with(@user)
end


Navigational API
render
GET render template
render
Success redirect_to resource
resource.to_format
POST
Failure render :new render resource.errors

PUT

DELETE


Navigational API
render
GET render template
render
Success redirect_to resource
resource.to_format
POST

Success redirect_to resource head :ok
PUT
Failure render :edit render resource.errors

DELETE redirect_to collection head :ok



ActionController::Responder



ActionController::Responder

table.to_code

Navigational API

GET render template render

Success redirect_to resource render
resource.to_format
POST

Success redirect_to resource head :ok
PUT
Failure render :edit render resource.errors

DELETE redirect_to collection head :ok


Responders Customizados


github.com/plataformatec/responders



FlashResponder: seta o ﬂash baseado na action do
controller e no status do recurso



FlashResponder: seta o ﬂash baseado na action do
controller e no status do recurso

HttpCacheResponder: automaticamente adiciona o
cabeçalho HTTP Last-Modiﬁed para requests de API
format


CONFIGURANDO O RESPONDERS
# lib/application_responder.rb
class ApplicationResponder < ActionController::Responder
include Responders::FlashResponder
include Responders::HttpCacheResponder
end


CONFIGURANDO O RESPONDERS
# lib/application_responder.rb
class ApplicationResponder < ActionController::Responder
include Responders::FlashResponder
include Responders::HttpCacheResponder
end

# app/controllers/application_controller.rb
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
self.responder = ApplicationResponder
respond_to :html

protect_from_forgery
layout 'application'
end


SEM O RESPONDERS

# app/controllers/users_controller.rb
def create
respond_with(@user)
end


SEM O RESPONDERS

def create
respond_with(@user)
end
O FlashResponder vai
fazer isso por mim


COM O RESPONDERS
def create
@user.save
respond_with(@user)
end

# config/locales/en.yml
en:
flash:
users:
create:
success: “User was successfully created”


ARel


Lazy loading
# Rails 2.3
Job.find(:all, :conditions => {:published => true})

Faz um query no DB imediatamente e retorna um array de Jobs

# Rails 3
Job.where(:published => true)

Não faz query no DB, retorna um ActiveRecord::Relation


Onde a query roda?
# app/controllers/jobs_controller.rb
class JobsController < ApplicationController
def index
@jobs = Jobs.where(:published => true).order("created_at DESC")
end
end

# app/views/jobs/index.html.erb
<% cache do %>
<% @jobs.each do |job| %>
...
<% end %>
<% end %>


Onde a query roda?
def index
end
end

Não realiza query no DB

<% cache do %>
...
<% end %>
<% end %>


Onde a query roda?
def index
end
end


<% cache do %>
...
<% end %>
<% end %>
Só aqui que será feito a query no DB


Onde a query roda?
def index
end
end


Se estiver cacheado, não faz
<% cache do %>
a query no controller a toa
...
<% end %>
<% end %>
Só aqui que será feito a query no DB


Chainability:
it “quacks” like named_scope

Job.where(:title => 'Rails Developer')
Job.order('created_at DESC').limit(20).includes(:company)

cars = Car.where(:colour => 'black')
black_fancy_cars = cars.order('cars.price DESC').limit(10)
black_cheap_cart = cars.order('cars.price ASC').limit(10)


Chainability:


ActiveRecord::Relation



Chainability:


ActiveRecord::Relation


Reaproveitar uma Relation
e encadear mais ﬁnders


Unobtrusive Javascript


Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 2.3
remote_form_for(@post)

link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',:method => :delete



<a href="/posts/1" onclick="if (confirm('Are you sure?')) { var f = document.createElement('form');
f.style.display = 'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action = this.href;var m =
document.createElement('input'); m.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); m.setAttribute('name', '_method');
m.setAttribute('value', 'delete'); f.appendChild(m);var s = document.createElement('input'); s.setAttribute
('type', 'hidden'); s.setAttribute('name', 'authenticity_token'); s.setAttribute('value',
'LM2fEF6HuRWdYUZdEumWlemhI6iDPH97pqWhO4jEpiU='); f.appendChild(s);f.submit(); };return false;">Destroy</a>


Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 3
# Rails 2.3


# Rails 2.3

# Rails 3
form_for(@posts, :remote => true)

<form action="/posts" class="new_post" data-remote="true" id="new_post"
method="post">


# Rails 2.3


# Rails 2.3

# Rails 3
link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?', :method => :delete

<a href="/posts/1" data-confirm="Are you sure?" data-method="delete"
rel="nofollow">Destroy</a>


JS Driver

Markup com HTML 5 custom data attributes

JS Driver

JS Framework


JS Driver
// public/javascripts/rails.js
document.observe("dom:loaded", function() {
function handleRemote(element) {
var method, url, params;

if (element.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'form') {
Apenas 119 linhas!
method = element.readAttribute('method') || 'post';
url = element.readAttribute('action');
params = element.serialize(true);
} else {
method = element.readAttribute('data-method') || 'get';
url = element.readAttribute('href');
params = {};
}

var event = element.fire("ajax:before");
if (event.stopped) return false;

new Ajax.Request(url, {
method: method,
parameters: params,
asynchronous: true,
evalScripts: true,

onLoading: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:loading", {request: request}); },
onLoaded: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:loaded", {request: request}); },
onInteractive: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:interactive", {request: request}); },
onComplete: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:complete", {request: request}); },
onSuccess: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:success", {request: request}); },
onFailure: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:failure", {request: request}); }
});

element.fire("ajax:after");
}
...


JS para todos os gostos

• Prototype: default

• jQuery: http://github.com/rails/jquery-ujs

• MooTools: http://mootools.net/forge/p/rails_3_driver

• Você pode fazer o seu!


Javascript no Rails 3


Javascript no Rails 3

Agnosticismo de Javascript

HTML 5 custom data attributes JS driver para cada framework


XSS Protection


XSS protection
Rails 2.3: unsafe por default
<%= @job.title %> <%= h @job.title %>

unsafe safe

Rails 3: safe por default
<%= @job.title %> <%= raw @job.title %>

safe unsafe


ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer
guru/code$ rails console
> a ="maybe dangerous"
=> "maybe dangerous"
> a.html_safe?
=> false
> b = a.html_safe
=> "maybe dangerous"
> b.html_safe?
=> true
> b.class
=> ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer


Helpers que retornam HTML
module ApplicationHelper
def strong(content)
"<strong>#{h content}</string>".html_safe
end
end


def strong(content)
end
end

Dicas:
1. Certiﬁcar-se de que todo input está sendo escapado


def strong(content)
end
end

Dicas:
1. Certiﬁcar-se de que todo input está sendo escapado
2. Chamar html_safe no output


Tem muito mais aqui!

http://github.com/plataformatec


Tem muito mais aqui!

http://github.com/plataformatec

ID blog twitter


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