Object oriented programming 1 introduction to oop
- 1. Object Oriented Programming: Prof Neeraj Bhargava Vaibhav Khanna Department of Computer Science School of Engineering and Systems Sciences Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University Ajmer
- 2. Form Binary to Object Oriented
- 3. Programming Issues • • How to represent real-life entities of problems in system design? • • How to design system with open interfaces? • • How to ensure reusability and extensibility of modules? • • How to develop modules that are tolerant of any changes in future? • • How to improve software productivity and decrease software cost? • • How to improve the quality of software?
- 4. What are objects? • Objects model the elements of the problem context • Each object has: • �characteristics • �responsibilities (or required behaviors)
- 5. Development of Object-oriented paradigm • “As complexity increases, architecture dominates the basic materials”. To build today’s complex software it is just not enough to put together a sequence of programming statements and sets of procedures and modules; we need to incorporate sound construction techniques and program structures that are easy to comprehend implement and modify. Alan Kay….
- 6. Object Oriented Programming (OOP) • Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is an approach to program organization and development that attempts to eliminate some of the pitfalls of conventional programming methods by incorporating the best of structured programming features with several powerful new concepts.
- 7. Procedure-Oriented Programming • In the procedure oriented approach, the problem is viewed as the sequence of things to be done such as reading, calculating and printing such as cobol, fortran and c. • The primary focus is on functions. • The technique of hierarchical decomposition has been used to specify the tasks to be completed for solving a problem.
- 8. General Structure of a program in Procedure-Oriented Programming
- 9. Procedure-Oriented Programming • Procedure oriented programming basically consists of writing a list of instructions for the computer to follow, and organizing these instructions into groups known as functions. • We normally use flowcharts to organize these actions and represent the flow of control from one action to another. • In a large program it is very difficult to identify what data is used by which function. …. And this can result in programming errors
- 10. Procedure-Oriented Programming • Characteristics exhibited by procedure-oriented programming are: • • Emphasis is on doing things (algorithms). • • Large programs are divided into smaller programs known as functions. • • Most of the functions share global data. • • Data move openly around the system from function to function. • • Functions transform data from one form to another. • • Employs top-down approach in program design.
- 11. Object Oriented Paradigm • The major motivating factor in the invention of object- oriented approach is to remove some of the flaws encountered in the procedural approach. • OOP treats data as a critical element in the program development and does not allow it to flow freely around the system. • It ties data more closely to the function that operate on it, and protects it from accidental modification from outside function. • OOP allows decomposition of a problem into a number of entities called objects and then builds data and function around these objects.
- 12. Organization of data and function in OOP
- 13. Features of object oriented programming • • Emphasis is on data rather than procedure. • • Programs are divided into what are known as objects. • • Data structures are designed to characterize the objects. • • Functions that operate on the data of an object are ties together in the data structure. • • Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external function. • • Objects communicate with each other through function. • • New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary. • • Follows bottom up approach in program design.
- 14. Assigmment • Explain the concept of Procedure-Oriented Programming • Explain the concept of object oriented programming