Object oriented programming
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This document defines key concepts in object oriented programming including programs, algorithms, pseudo code, and flowcharts. A program is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do, and is written by a programmer. An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem. Algorithms are written in pseudo code, a language similar to simple English, before being coded. A flowchart uses standard symbols to visually represent an algorithm's logic and steps.
Object oriented programming
- 2. DEFINITIONS PROGRAM A set of instructions that tells a computer what to do is called program. Computer programs are written in programming languages. A person who develops a program is called programmer. The programmer develops programs to instruct the computer how to process data to convert into information. Programmer uses programming languages or tools to write programs. A person can be good programmer if he has the skill of solving problems. Different problem-solving techniques are as follows: • Program • Algorithm • Flowchart etc. Nida Chaudhary
- 3. ALGORITHM An algorithmis a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem. The process of solving a problem becomes simpler and easier with help of algorithm. It is better to write algorithmbefore writingthe actual computer program. PROPERTIES OF ALGORITHM: Following are some properties of an algorithm, • The given problem should be broken down into simple and meaningful steps. • The steps should be numbered sequentially. • The steps should be descriptive and written in simple English. Nida Chaudhary
- 4. PSEUDO CODE Algorithmsare written in a language that is similar to simple English called pseudo code. There is no standardto write pseudo code. Pseudo code simplifies program development by separating it into two main parts. 1. LOGIC DESIGN: In this part, the logic of the program is designed. We specify different steps required to solve the problem and the sequence of these steps. 2. CODING: In this part, the algorithm is converted into a program. The steps of algorithm are translated into instructions of any programming language. Nida Chaudhary
- 5. Example 1 The following algorithm inputs two numbers, calculates sum and then display result on screen. 1. Start 2. Input A 3. Input B 4. Total = A + B 5. Display Total 6. Exit. Nida Chaudhary
- 6. The following algorithm finds the sum of first fifty natural numbers. 1. Start 2. sum = 0 3. N = 0 4. Repeat Step 5 and 6 While (N <= 50) 5. sum =sum + N 6. N=N+1 7. Print sum 8. End Example 4 Nida Chaudhary
- 8. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLOWCHART & ALGORITHM No Flowchart Algorithm 1 Standard symbols are used to design flowchart. Simple English is used to write algorithm. 2 Flowchart is more time-consuming. Algorithm is less time-consuming. 3 It is difficult to modify. It is easier to modify. 4 It is a graphical representation of solution. It is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem. Nida Chaudhary