On scene reports and size up

ON SCENE REPORTS AND
SIZE UP
8 CRITICAL FIREGROUND FACTORS
INITIAL ON SCENE REPORT
8 FUNCTIONS OF COMMAND

8 FUNCTIONS OF COMMAND
1.1. Assumption, Confirmation, & PositioningAssumption, Confirmation, & Positioning
2.2. Situation EvaluationSituation Evaluation
3.3. CommunicationsCommunications
4.4. DeploymentDeployment
5.5. Strategy & Incident Action PlanningStrategy & Incident Action Planning
6.6. OrganizationOrganization
7.7. Review, Evaluation, & RevisionReview, Evaluation, & Revision
8.8. Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Command.Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Command.

Command Function #1
Assume, Confirm &
Position Command

To quickly establish and confirm a
single IC and to place that IC in the
most effective command position.
Major Goal:
Command Function #1

Select the proper Command Mode
(or position)
IC #1
IC #2
IC #2 with IMT
100%
15 to 20%
Less than 5%

Command Function #2
Situation Evaluation

Command Function #2
Develop a regular approach
to Size-Up using the
standard information
management forms and the
Critical Incident Factors
Major Goal:

Strategic Decision
Making Model:
Critical
Fireground
Factors Risk
Management
Plan
Strategy
Incident
Action
PlanTactical
Priorities
SOP’s
System Core

mostly laws
of nature
(unlimited)
ICICICIC
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS SAFETY SYSTEMSAFETY SYSTEMSAFETY SYSTEMSAFETY SYSTEM
 collapsecollapse
 toxic insulttoxic insult
 thermal insultthermal insult
 getting trappedgetting trapped
 getting lostgetting lost
• Adequate numbers of
trained Firefighter’s
• PPE
• tools/equipment/water
• safety SOPs
• IMS
man made
synthetic
organizational
(very limited)
Intelligence (“Intel”):

Critical Factors are a list of basic items
that the IC must consider when evaluating
tactical situations.
Critical Factors fall into 8 Basic categories:
-Building
-Fire
-Occupancy
-Life Hazard
-Arrangement
-Resources
-Action
-Special
Circumstances

Fixed Factors Variable Factors
•Building
•Occupancy
•Arrangement
•Fire
•Life Hazard
•Resources
•Action
•Special circumstances
Consider Fixed Factors
Manage Variable Factors

Critical Factor - Fixed
Building
•Size – Area & Height
•Interior arrangement
•Construction type
•Age
•Condition
•Value
•Compartmentation/separation
•Outside openings
•Utility characteristics
•Effect the fire has had on structure
•Time projection on fire effects
•How much is left to burn

Critical Factors
Occupancy •Specific occupancy
•Type – business, mercantile, public
assembly, institutional, industrial,
residential, storage, high rise
•Value associated with occupancy
•Status – open, closed, occupied,
vacant, abandoned, under const.
•Type of contents
•Time – as it affects use
•Loss control
•Morale hazard

Critical Factors
Arrangement •Distance of external exposures
•Combustibility of exposures
•Access, arrangement of internal
exposures
•Value of exposures
•Most dangerous direction of fire ext.
•Fire effect on exposures
•Barriers or obstruction to operations
•Limitations on apparatus movement
•Multiple Buildings

Critical Factor - Variable
FIRE •Size
•Extent
•Location
•Stage
•Most dangerous direction of travel
•Time of involvement
•Fire load
•Type & amount of product left to burn
•Product of combustion liberation
•What is fire perimeter
•How widespread is the fire
•Ability to operate on fire

Critical Factor - Variable
Life Hazard •Location of occupants
•Number of occupants
•Condition of occupants
•Incapacities of occupants
•Resources required for search
•Fire control required for search
•EMS needs
•Fire effect on victims
•Exposures
•Hazards for Firefighters
•Access to victims
•Escape routes

Critical Factors
Resources •Staffing & Equipment On-Scene
•Staffing & Equipment Responding
•Staffing & Equipment Available
•Estimate on Response times
•Condition of Responders
•Capability of Personnel
•Capability of Command staff
•Hydrants & Water Supply
•Built-in Protection Systems

Critical Factors
Special
Circumstances
•Time of day/night
•Day of week
•Season
•Holidays
•Special Events
•Weather
•Social unrest

Critical Factors
Action •Effect current action is having
•Areas not yet covered
•Stage of operations (tactical priorities)
•Remote IC set-up
•Is an effective IAP in place
•Is an effective organization in place
•What is the worst thing that can happen
•Are operating positions effective
•Are there enough resources
•Are we operating safely
•Is layering in place

8 CRITICAL FIREGROUND FACTORS
• BUILDING
• FIRE
• OCCUPANCY
• LIFE HAZARD
• ARRANGEMENT
• ACTION
• RESOURCES
• SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES

Identify the 3 most significant
Critical Factors, and the most
significant Critical Unknown
for the following scenarios
Sets & Reps

Critical Factors
Bldg Fire Occupancy Life Arrangement Resource Action Special

Command Function #3
Communications

Command Function #3
Major Goal:
To initiate,
maintain and
control efficient
Incident
communications

Center communications around the
tactical benchmarks

Major Goal:
To Provide and
manage a steady,
adequate, and
timely stream of
appropriate
resource
Command Function #4

Call for resources based on the most rapid,
accurate, current and forecasted event profile you
can develop – based on the tactical priorities

There a 2 different Statuses that Companies
fall into on the incident scene:
Unassigned
- Staged
- Rehabbing
- Rehabbed &
Ready to go
Assigned
- 1st
Unit to
a location
- To a SDG
- On-Deck in SDG
- Recycle in SDG

The foundation of any IMS
system is:
STAGING

Level 1 - Staging
Applies to all initial responders (1st
Alarm)
1st
Engine, Truck Co. & BC respond
directly to the scene
Immediately goes into effect after
Initial Radio Report from IC #1
All subsequent arriving units stage 1
block away in their direction of travel not
passing their last tactical option

Level 2 - Staging
In effect for greater alarms
1st
Engine typically becomes initial
staging officer – upgrade with staff if poss.
IC should designate location and separate
radio channel
Will require CP helper to manage logistic
channel – Active incident, should upgrade
Command Post

Hot Zone
Warm Zone
BC
FIT
Level II
Staging
E
1
E
3
E
2
E
4
L
1
E
5
On-Deck
On-Deck
E-10
E-11 E-12
3 Deep Deployment
Model
SDG Co.s working
in the Hazard
Zone
On-Deck
Companies
Companies
in Staging
E-13
E-14

IC S.O.
S.A.
Logistics
BC
FIT
Command Van
Staging
E
1
E
3
E
2
E
4
L
1
E
5
Tactical Channel
Ch. 2
Safety
Channel
Ch. 3
Logistics
Channel
Ch. 4
BC FIT
BC FIT
Warm Zone
Safety
Section
Hot
Zone
The Command Post Communication Advantage

Command Function #5
Identify Strategy/Develop
Incident Action Plan (IAP)

Major Goal:
To use a systematic
method to make
basic strategy
decisions, and to
develop and initiate
a Tactical IAP
Command Function #5

Apply the standard risk-management plan
throughout the incident:
We will Risk our Lives A LOT,
to Save SAVABLE Lives
We will Risk our Lives A LITTLE, in a HIGHLY
Calculated Manner, to Save Savable Property
We will NOT Risk our Lives AT ALL, for what is
ALREADY LOST (people or property)

The IC uses the incident’s Critical Factors and the
Risk Management Plan to determine the
overall Incident Strategy
Offensive
Inside
Defensive
Outside

Implement an action plan to match
the overall strategy.
Offensive IAP Defensive IAP
Rescue
Fire Control
Loss Control
Cust. Stabilization
Establish Cut-offs
Define Hazard Zone
Search exposures
Protect exposures

Major Goal:
To develop an effective
incident organization
using the
Sector/Division/Group
system to decentralize
an delegate geographic
and functional
responsibility
Command Function #6

Match and balance organization to
size/structure/complexity of the
operating resources

Forecast and establish geographic &
functional sectors/divisions/groups

Limit units assigned to sectors to five (5)

Hot Zone
Warm Zone
Task Level
Follow SOP’s
Get into the game properly
Manage crew’s accountability:
voice, vision,
or touch
Round trip ticket in hazard zone
All members stay on hoseline
Max distance inside; 175 feet
Manage crew’s work cycle
Always keep crew intact
Responsibilities
Co. Officer
Firefighters
Hoseline
“Safety Zones”
6 ft 6 ft
16 ft
Capt

Tactical Level
BC / Tactical FIT / Safety
Responsibilities
-Risk Management
-Tactical Priorities
-Positions match
conditions
-Sector IAP
-Coordinate w/
other Sectors
-Sector Plan
matches IC Plan
-Accountability
-Air Management
-Manages Work-
Rest Cycles
-Manages
On-Deck crews,
Recycle & Rehab
- Communicate
with Safety
Section
Hot Zone
Warm Zone
BC
FIT
E-1
E-2
E-3
O
n-D
eck
“Safety Zones”
60 ft

Command Van
IC
Strategic Level (ISO)
SO
SA
Safety
Section
Logistics
-Overall Safety Boss & Manage Hazard Zone
-Actions based on SOP’s and Fire Command (IMS)
-Perform 8 Functions of Command
-Evaluate Inc. Critical Fireground Factors
-Risk Management Analysis
-Develop and Manage Strategy
-Coordinate the IAP with Sectors
-Manage the completion of the Tactical Priorities
-Resource deliverer based on Sector requirements
Responsibilities of the
Incident Commander
(ISO)
Safety Zone = Entire Inc.
360º

Command Function #7
Review, Evaluation, and Revision

Major Goal:
To confirm that the current
IAP is meeting the tactical
requirements of the incident
that adequately provides for
the safety of the workers,
and to identify and address
any areas that are not
covered
Command Function #7

Command Function #8
Continuing, Transferring, and
Terminating Command

Major Goal:
To provide the required
duration of command
necessary to complete the
tactical priorities, to
standardize how command
is transferred, and to insure
that operations are safely
concluded
Command Function #8

Assume, maintain and upgrade effective
command positioning

Initial On – Scene Report
 Unit ID
Building Info
Stories – Size – Occupancy Type
What’s Showing
Nothing – Light Smoke – Smoke – Working Fire
Supply Line
Have Supply or need Supply
360 Situational Report
What’s going on
Strategy
Offensive or Defensive
Actions
Fire Attack Search and Rescue, Blitz Attack, Rescue via ladder etc
Establish Command
Accountability
Resources
Safety Hazards
Exposures

On scene reports and size up

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Editor's Notes