Open Educational Resources Overview (Penn Libraries, 2014-04-09)

@txtbksScholarly Publishing & Academic
Resources Coalition sparc.arl.org
Open Educational
Resources
Nicole Allen
Director of Open Education, SPARC
UPenn Libraries
April 9, 2014

SPARC®, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic
Resources Coalition, is an international alliance of
academic and research libraries working to create a
more open system of scholarly communication.

Image © yaskii http://www.shutterstock.com/gallery-437380p1.html

Except…

http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368
Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and
Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012
prices grew by 28 percent.
8
These price increases occurred from December 1986 to December 2004.

-50%
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
400%
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Year
MIT Libraries Materials Purchases vs. CPI % Increase
1986-2006
Consumer Price Index % + Serial Expenditures % + # Serials Purchased % +
# Books Purchased % + Book Expenditures % +
Journal expenditure
Inflation

http://www.springer.com/us/librarians/journal-price-list

Shouldn’t digital technology
solve this problem?

Of course there are
workarounds….

“65% of students said that they had
decided against buying a textbook
because it was too expensive… 94%
were concerned that doing so would
hurt their grade.”
-- 2014 report by U.S. PIRG
http://www.studentpirgs.org/reports/sp/fixing-broken-textbook-market

We need a
better solution.

OPEN EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES

Open Educational Resources
(OER) are textbooks and other
academic materials that are
published online for everyone to
use, adapt and share freely

Open License
Amends the default “All Rights
Reserved” terms of copyright to
“Some Rights Reserved,” granting
blanket permission in advance to
everyone to use the material

Four “R’s” of Open
Reuse
Revise
Remix
Redistribute
(With attribution to the author)

Open Textbook (Example)
• Free online
• Free PDF
• Free ePub
• Print $49.73
• Instructor can adapt and
distribute
http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics

http://www.bkstr.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10001&categoryId=9602&langId=-
1&productId=4000000000002535744&storeId=216405&productStoreId=216405

OpenCourseWare
• Teaching and learning materials made
available under an open license and
presented in a course format
• 200+ institutions
• 30,000 modules
http://www.ocwconsortium.org/

OER Repositories
• Connexions: http://cnx.org
• OER Commons:
http://www.oercommons.org
• Open Textbook Library:
http://open.umn.edu
• Many more…

Free, immediate
online access to
research articles
coupled with full
reuse rights
Open Access Articles

Advantages of OER
• Affordable: free online, free to
download, hardcopies cost $20-40
• Accessible: all students have access
starting day one of the course
• Flexible: instructors can tailor the
material to suit the curriculum

Advantages of OER
• Born Digital: easier to update, integrate
multimedia
• Worry Free: copyright permission
granted in advance

Barriers for OER
• Awareness of OER as an option
• Discovery of appropriate OER
• Evaluating the quality of OER
• Logistics of adopting OER
• Sustainable publishing of OER

Libraries & OER

http://guides.library.umass.edu/content.php?pid=87648&sid=4778777

Open Education Initiative
• Call for applications from faculty for
mini-grants
• Two one-hour workshops reviewing OER
and other low-cost resources
• Consultation sessions with librarians
and library partners
• Adoption of OER & low cost materials

Open Education Initiative
• 30 faculty participants
• 44 courses
• $46,000 invested, $700,000+ saved
by 5000+ students
• Faculty said 4.36 on a scale of 5
“Student performance improved
compared to past semesters when a
traditional textbook was used”

Similar Projects
• Temple University
• UCLA
• Kansas State University
• University of Oklahoma
• Tacoma Community College
• More…

Digital Coursepack Pilot
• Began to support an iPad project and specific
classes/instructors (Fall 2012).
• Expanded to include a variety of campus partners
(Copyright Permissions, Bookstore).
• Includes a variety of content types.
• Integrated into Moodle (CMS) environment.
• Support services developing around open content
and other alternative course content.

Digital Coursepack Pilot

http://open.umn.edu

http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2014/feb/osu-open-textbook-initiative-aims-reduce-student-costs-enhance-learning

Oregon State University
• Pilot program that facilitates the
development of open access textbooks
• Collaboration between OSU Libraries, OSU
Press and OSU Extended Campus
• Publication of the first four open textbooks
will take place in 2014-2015

• Each will be made available in four free
digital formats - HTML, PDF, iBooks & ePub
• Print-on-demand through OSU Press
• Authors will receive royalties on print-on-
demand sales and a $5,000-$15,000
budget transfer

• First open textbook was developed from an existing
OSU Press book as part of this project
• “Living with Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest”
by Robert S. Yeats
• Available
at:http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/oer/Earthquake
.pdf

http://opensuny.org

How Libraries Can Support OER
• Awareness of OER as an option
• Discovery of appropriate OER
• Evaluating the quality of OER
• Logistics of adopting OER
• Sustainable publishing of OER

Libraries transformed the
conversation around access to
research, they can do the
same for learning materials

Open Educational Resources

Libraries & OER Forum
Public discussion list intended for
academic and research librarians
interested in OER.
Sign up:
http://www.sparc.arl.org/resource/sparc-
libraries-oer-forum

OER Campus Project List
Resource describing library initiatives to
advance OER, for release in April.
Add your campus:
http://www.sparc.arl.org/issues/oer/cam
pus-project-form

OER Campus Tour
SPARC staff will be traveling across the
country to educate librarians, students
and others about OER.
Interested?
nicole@sparc.arl.org

Open Education 2014
• Annual OER conference
• Nov 19-21, 2014, Washington, DC
• Track dedicated to Libraries & OER
Learn more:
http://www.openedconference.org

Other Resources
http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources
Nicole Allen
nicole@sparc.arl.org
401-484-8104
@txtbks

Open Educational Resources Overview (Penn Libraries, 2014-04-09)

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