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Open (P2P) Design @ Pixelversity, Helsinki (16/09/2011)

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Massimo Menichinelli

The document summarizes an open (P2P) design presentation discussing how open source principles can be applied beyond software to areas like design. It provides examples of existing open design projects in areas like architecture, fashion, and hardware. However, it notes that while open design is gaining mainstream attention, current efforts often lack collaboration and community aspects that have driven successful open source software projects. The presentation argues for developing new tools and processes to better enable collaborative open design work.

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Open (P2P) Design Massimo Menichinelli --------------------------------------------------------------------------- September 16th 2011 Pixelversity – Pixelache, Helsinki http://www.pixelache.ac/helsinki/pixelversity/programme-2011/open-p2p- design/ Presentation available at: http://www.slideshare.net/openp2pdesign
01. Internet and mass-collaboration (and Design)
Web 2.0: User-generated content + comment Source: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570810,00.html
Web 2.0: User-generated content + comment Source: http://www.coroflot.com/heo/FOOTWEAR-RUNNING/1
Peer-to-Peer: A new architecture of interactions Source: http://home.comcast.net/~gregory.bray/
Peer-to-Peer: A new kind of service (design) Source: http://www.kiva.org/lend/333427
Peer-to-Peer: A new kind of service (design) (See video on next slide) Source: http://vimeo.com/28413747
Crowdsourcing: Outsourcing to the online crowd Source: http://www.innocentive.com/
Crowdsourcing: Outsourcing to the online crowd Source: http://www.designcrowd.com/
Mobile: Single user designing, no collaboration It's not only about the tool (PC / Mobile, Hand / Digital)... Source: http://www.mshape.com/
Mobile: Smart Mobs, Ubiquitous Computing (See video on next slide) We could even (re)build a design from noncoordinated users Source: http://grail.cs.washington.edu/rome/
Mobile: Smart Mobs, Ubiquitous Computing We could even (re)build a design from noncoordinated users Source: http://grail.cs.washington.edu/rome/
Open Source: Open Collaborative software development Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_%28operating_system%29
Open Design: Open Source Design (under construction) Source: http://unlimiteddesigncontest.org/
And hybrid models... like OpenIDEO Crowdsourcing 50% + Web 2.0 30% + Open Source 20% Source: http://www.openideo.com/
02. Open Source: Mass collaboration everywhere
What is Open Source (Software)? A generic definition A (software) project published with a license that facilitates its access + modifying + sharing in a collaborative way. A (software) project developed collaboratively by a community, based not on hierarchy but on reputation.
Why Open Source in Software? Source Code (human readable) --> Binary Code (machine readable) Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nyoin/3342043239/
Why Open Source in Software? Source Code (human readable) --> Binary Code (machine readable) Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nyoin/3342043239/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/exlibris/2997090116/
Why Open Source in Software? Source Code (human readable) --> Binary Code (machine readable) Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ladymixy-uk/3650120464/
History of Open Source: the beginning Few big computers: Software given as free, time and collaboration are the great resource people share. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer
History of Open Source: closed and Free software '80s: Software becomes closed for making business, and an hacker tries to make it Open (or, Free) again. Source: http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19840416,00.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Project
History of Open Source: Linux and Open Source software '90s-...: Linux is created thanks to Internet, and even with the Free/Open term war Open Source becomes successful. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative
Open Source Softwares (just few examples)
Open Source Everywhere... “Software is just the beginning … open source is doing for mass innovation what the assembly line did for mass production. Get ready for the era when collaboration replaces the corporation.” Thomas Goetz, Wired November 2003 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.11/opensource.html Open Source and P2P as promising way to organise communities
Open Source Everywhere... Open Drinks (marketing) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCola_(drink) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Beer http://www.flickr.com/photos/16038409@N02/2327138220/in/photostream
Open Source Everywhere... Open Biotechnology Open Source and P2P as promising way to organise communities Source:http://www.cambia.org/
Open Source Everywhere... Open Movies + Videogames Done with and for Blender (Open Source 3D modeling software) Source: http://www.elephantsdream.org/ http://www.bigbuckbunny.org/ http://www.sintel.org/
Open Source Everywhere... Open Money Open Source and P2P as promising way to organise communities Source: http://www.bitcoin.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin
Open Source Everywhere... Open Hardware Source: http://www.arduino.cc
03. Open Design: Open Projects
What is Open Design? A generic definition a project published with a license that facilitates its sharing and that can be “compiled” or “manufactured” locally. * sharing * collaboration * open licenses * code --> artifact Open Design refers to every kind of design projects that can be shared in a digital format over a network.
Gentium ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ÈÉÊËĒĔĖĘĚȄȨȆḔḖḘḚḜẸẺẼỀẾỂỄỆ èéêěèéêëēĕėęěȅȩȇḕḕḗḗḙḛḝẹẻẽềếểễềếểễ o̊őo̍o̖o̗o̘o̙o̜o̹o̝o̞o̟o̠ọo̤o̥o̦o̧ǫo̩o̪o̫o̬o̭o̮o̯o̰o̱o̼ȏo̒o̓ “‹«.:?!©*¶§&/(‖)[¦]{|}€†‡@®™¿¡;,»›” ¤¢$£€¥₡₢₣₤#01234567891⁄41⁄23⁄4%₦₧₨₭₮₯ The first open source font (2001) by Victor Gaultney, with a specific license: SIL Open Font License (OFL) http://scripts.sil.org/ Source: http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium
Open Design: also Fashion Design Source: http://www.openwear.org/
Open Design: also Open Architecture (less developed) Source: http://openarchitecturenetwork.org/
Open Design: also Open Architecture (less developed) Source: http://www.wikihouse.cc/
OpenMoko: a completely open product The first product sold (2007-2009) with: * Open Source Software * Open Hardware * Open Design Source: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page
OpenMoko: a completely open product The first product sold (2007-2009) with: * Open Source Software * Open Hardware * Open Design Source: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page
OpenMoko: product hacking It was even sold with a toolkit for product hacking! Source: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page
OpenMoko's failure “OpenMoko found that the cost of producing 3G smartphones was prohibitively high for independent device makers and it was simply not possible to do without using proprietary firmware.” “The mobile industry is increasingly embracing open source, [...] but the motivation is faster and cheaper development, not user empowerment.” --> An Open project can't go alone without: * building a collaborative system with other players (even “not open” ones) * decide to open only when it's the best option Source: http://arstechnica.com (http://bit.ly/3LyLh6)
BugLabs A more successful example (approaching $ 1.000.000 in revenue in 2010, est.) Source: http://www.buglabs.net/
BugLabs + Ford Source: http://www.buglabs.net/ford-buglabs
Sketch Chair: Open Design as code Source: http://www.sketchchair.cc/
Sketch Chair: Open Design as code Source: http://www.sketchchair.cc/
Close relatives: Makers / DIY Source: Scott Beale / Laughing Squid http://laughingsquid.com http://www.flickr.com/photos/laughingsquid/133324021/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_it_yourself
Close relatives: Product hacking / Piracy Source: http://www.ikeahackers.net/
The current status of Open Design: going mainstream Source: http://craphound.com/makers/download/ http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/01/ff_newrevolution/
The current status of Open Design: going mainstream Source: http://opendesignnow.org/ http://www.droog.com/projects/events/design-for-download/ http://www.droog.com/blog/category/design-for-download-2/
The current status of Open Design: going mainstream Source: http://www.instructables.com/community/Instructables-Joins-Autodesk/ http://techcrunch.com/2011/08/01/autodesk-acquires-diy-community-instructables/
The current status of Open Design: going mainstream Source: http://www.123dapp.com/
The current status of Open Design * single persons or small groups design a project and then just publish it online * lack of new tools, processes, systems that enable designers and users in developing open design projects --> where is the collaboration? --> where are the open processes? --> where are the communities?
The current status of Open Design From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds) Newsgroups: comp.os.minix Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Summary: small poll for my new operating system Message-ID: Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki Hello everybody out there using minix - I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons) among other things). I've currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I'll get something practical within a few months, and I'd like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-) Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi) Source: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html
… the experience of a user of Open Source software Source: http://sourceforge.net/
… the big picture of Open Source software: the process (See video on next slide) Source: http://www.michaelogawa.com/code_swarm/
… the big picture of Open Source software: the process Source: http://www.michaelogawa.com/research/storylines/
… so Open Source communities are much more! Open Source --> Communities --> --> Complex Systems --> Complex Problems --> collective intelligence --> solve complex problems --> design complex projects See: Ko Kuwabara “Linux: A Bazaar at the Edge of Chaos” http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_3/kuwabara/index.html
Innovation in a closed process Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft_Windows
In Open Source! Source: http://futurist.se/gldt/
A more systemic definition of Open Design A collaborative distributed system of design & manufacturing * sharing * collaboration * open licenses * open / distributed projects with commons based peer production governance * open and distributed manufacturing technologies A system of agents that: * use * design * manufacture * market * distribute * manage the end-of-life * ...
What can we do for Open Design projects? Metadesign Metadesign is the design of the design tools, processes and systems * research and share design knowledge * research and share business models * research and share financial and environmental sustainability * design and share design tools * design and share design processes * facilitate design & manufacturing & end-of-life systems * facilitate the distributed creativity For designers For communities For users For enterprises
Sourcemap: open source metadesign example Visualize and share supply chains : open source + API Source: http://www.sourcemap.com
How do we design such Metadesign projects? --> Open P2P Design How do we research, develop and offer them in a Strategic Design project? --> openp2pdesign.org
04. Open P2P Design: metadesign of open and p2p systems
Open P2P Design and openp2pdesign.org come from... * March 2005, Milan (Polytechnic) * a master degree thesis in industrial + service design * Design researchers were studying Design+Locality: * Spark! Design and Locality (Europe) http://www2.uiah.fi/virtu/spark/index.html * Me.Design (Italy) http://www.sistemadesignitalia.it/sdi/ricerche/medesign/index.php --> How can we design for a locality and its community? --> How can we enable the participation of a community in the design process?
Designing Open Collaborative projects: Thinkcycle First open and collaborative design process (2000-2007) Source: http://www.thinkcycle.org (now closed) http://web.media.mit.edu/~nitin/thesis/
P2P Service Design: Open Health (RED - Design Council) First p2p public services by design (2004-2006) Source: http://www.designcouncil.info/mt/RED/ (now inactive) http://www.participle.net/
April 2006, Master Degree Thesis Reti Collaborative. Il design per una auto-organizzazione Open Peer-to-Peer (Collaborative Networks. Design for an Open Peer-to-Peer self-organization) Tutor: Ezio Manzini Politecnico di Milano, Faculty of Design You can download it here: http://www.openp2pdesign.org/source
September 2008, a shorter book There's also a short (and updated) version in English (and Spanish and Italian) too! openp2pdesign.org_1.1 http://www.issuu.com/openp2pdesign http://www.scribd.com/openp2pdesign http://stores.lulu.com/openp2pdesign
Where should we use Open P2P Design? * for community-centered projects * for community-based services / businesses * for projects that are distributed in a territory / locality * for complex projects * for participatory processes * for open processes and projects In Open Design, Open Innovation, Open Business, Open Government...
Why Open P2P Design? * mass-collaboration/crowdsourcing --> change in the role of designers * being subjected to mass collaboration --> designing it * communities generate innovations --> more opportunities for designers --> designers can be enablers / facilitators of distributed creativity --> designers still have more knowledge and expertise, just now they are part of collaborative networks --> designers could even adopt open strategies
And the Design research and practice is changing Design by author --> Design by marketing --> User-centred Design --> User-experience Design --> Activity-centred Design --> Co-Design --> … * Researching how to design better projects for the people that use them
What does Open P2P Design design? } Activity Theory + Service Design (+ Activity Theory) + Activity Action Planning (Urbanism) + Social Network Analysis + ... --> Open Source Software development process + P2P dynamics Self-reflexive (metadesign): activity self-analysis + design --> * analyse and design the design activity itself * easier to participate and to suggest changes * shared understanding of the collaborative process
Activity Theory Activity theory is an approach in psychology that aims to understand individual / social entities, through an analysis of the genesis, structure, and processes of their activities. Source: http://www.helsinki.fi/cradle/chat.htm http://www.helsinki.fi/cradle/activitysystem.htm
Metadesign with Open P2P Design ? } Analysis + Design process: Concept design + A systemic activity Prototyping + comprising set of Manufacturing + actions (sub- Distribution + activities), with Support + their own tools, End of life + roles, rules ...
What about the source code for Open P2P Design? Participation matrix + } Process Design Activity analysis + Social Network Analysis + } Community analysis } Storyboard + System map + Service blueprint + Activity Design Motivation matrix + Activity description + … Design project + } Open Design
Open P2P Design Process (Participation Matrix)
A toolkit for the Open P2P Design methodology Download it here: http://www.issuu.com/openp2pdesign http://www.scribd.com/openp2pdesign http://www.openp2pdesign.org/source
What is openp2pdesign.org? It's not a startup (yet) but an open source community under development. International (English language) with projects in Italy, Spain, Finland, Germany, South Korea, Singapore, Mexico so far… So far: 1 master degree thesis Next: 1 paper + 1 book Research at Media Lab - Aalto 9 workshops Books 4 panels / lectures Events / workshops 1 keynote speech Open source softwares 1 commissioned report A larger network
Make Magazine: Strategic Design for Metadesign * Make Magazine * Maker Faire * “Makers” Book (not Doctorow's one!) * Make: television * Make Controller Kit * Craft Magazine Just an example of what it could be... on a smaller scale maybe :-) Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pmtorrone/27722795/
05. Open P2P Design: An example
Open P2P Design Workshop, Singapore, NTU With Roger Pitiot 25-27 November 2009, NTU University Singapore Design Festival http://www.openp2pdesign.org/projects/past-projects/open-p2p-design-workshop-seoul-singapore-2009/
01. Community Analysis
02. Participation Matrix “First version of the Participation Matrix, we do everything by ourselves” “Second version, now the students manufacture and manage the product, we just help them distributing it”
03. Open Design Activity
04. System Map rev. 20 “Feedback from students and survey results from customers, now available to read by concept designers.”
04. System Map rev.21 “everyone gets paid now!”
05. Open Design Activity Poster
06. Research and other future projects
Current Research Doctoral Candidate in the Media Lab – Aalto University – TAIK (Helsinki) "A digital open source design methodology for enabling complex distributed systems with open, collaborative and p2p dynamics" --> Further researching and testing the methodology (tools, processes, roles) with participatory action research * software analogy with design (code, open source, coding) * complexity of open and p2p systems (analysis + simulation) * design and complexity * information and design * visualization of collaboration and communities * democratization of process design tools
The future of openp2pdesign.org http://meta.openp2pdesign.org/ * Moving to Drupal and co-redesign with Open P2P Design process --> open community for open, collaborative, complex projects You can co-design it * mapping existing resources (tools, places, ...) and then participate * develop books / workshop / projects in it! :-) * ...
Any question or comment?
Thank you! Massimo Menichinelli ------------------------------------------------------------------- info@openp2pdesign.org openp2pdesign.org twitter.com/openp2pdesign

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Open (P2P) Design @ Pixelversity, Helsinki (16/09/2011)

  • 1. Open (P2P) Design Massimo Menichinelli --------------------------------------------------------------------------- September 16th 2011 Pixelversity – Pixelache, Helsinki http://www.pixelache.ac/helsinki/pixelversity/programme-2011/open-p2p- design/ Presentation available at: http://www.slideshare.net/openp2pdesign
  • 3. Web 2.0: User-generated content + comment Source: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570810,00.html
  • 4. Web 2.0: User-generated content + comment Source: http://www.coroflot.com/heo/FOOTWEAR-RUNNING/1
  • 5. Peer-to-Peer: A new architecture of interactions Source: http://home.comcast.net/~gregory.bray/
  • 6. Peer-to-Peer: A new kind of service (design) Source: http://www.kiva.org/lend/333427
  • 7. Peer-to-Peer: A new kind of service (design) (See video on next slide) Source: http://vimeo.com/28413747
  • 8. Crowdsourcing: Outsourcing to the online crowd Source: http://www.innocentive.com/
  • 9. Crowdsourcing: Outsourcing to the online crowd Source: http://www.designcrowd.com/
  • 10. Mobile: Single user designing, no collaboration It's not only about the tool (PC / Mobile, Hand / Digital)... Source: http://www.mshape.com/
  • 11. Mobile: Smart Mobs, Ubiquitous Computing (See video on next slide) We could even (re)build a design from noncoordinated users Source: http://grail.cs.washington.edu/rome/
  • 12. Mobile: Smart Mobs, Ubiquitous Computing We could even (re)build a design from noncoordinated users Source: http://grail.cs.washington.edu/rome/
  • 13. Open Source: Open Collaborative software development Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_%28operating_system%29
  • 14. Open Design: Open Source Design (under construction) Source: http://unlimiteddesigncontest.org/
  • 15. And hybrid models... like OpenIDEO Crowdsourcing 50% + Web 2.0 30% + Open Source 20% Source: http://www.openideo.com/
  • 17. What is Open Source (Software)? A generic definition A (software) project published with a license that facilitates its access + modifying + sharing in a collaborative way. A (software) project developed collaboratively by a community, based not on hierarchy but on reputation.
  • 18. Why Open Source in Software? Source Code (human readable) --> Binary Code (machine readable) Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nyoin/3342043239/
  • 19. Why Open Source in Software? Source Code (human readable) --> Binary Code (machine readable) Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nyoin/3342043239/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/exlibris/2997090116/
  • 20. Why Open Source in Software? Source Code (human readable) --> Binary Code (machine readable) Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ladymixy-uk/3650120464/
  • 21. History of Open Source: the beginning Few big computers: Software given as free, time and collaboration are the great resource people share. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer
  • 22. History of Open Source: closed and Free software '80s: Software becomes closed for making business, and an hacker tries to make it Open (or, Free) again. Source: http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19840416,00.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Project
  • 23. History of Open Source: Linux and Open Source software '90s-...: Linux is created thanks to Internet, and even with the Free/Open term war Open Source becomes successful. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative
  • 24. Open Source Softwares (just few examples)
  • 25. Open Source Everywhere... “Software is just the beginning … open source is doing for mass innovation what the assembly line did for mass production. Get ready for the era when collaboration replaces the corporation.” Thomas Goetz, Wired November 2003 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.11/opensource.html Open Source and P2P as promising way to organise communities
  • 26. Open Source Everywhere... Open Drinks (marketing) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCola_(drink) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Beer http://www.flickr.com/photos/16038409@N02/2327138220/in/photostream
  • 27. Open Source Everywhere... Open Biotechnology Open Source and P2P as promising way to organise communities Source:http://www.cambia.org/
  • 28. Open Source Everywhere... Open Movies + Videogames Done with and for Blender (Open Source 3D modeling software) Source: http://www.elephantsdream.org/ http://www.bigbuckbunny.org/ http://www.sintel.org/
  • 29. Open Source Everywhere... Open Money Open Source and P2P as promising way to organise communities Source: http://www.bitcoin.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin
  • 30. Open Source Everywhere... Open Hardware Source: http://www.arduino.cc
  • 32. What is Open Design? A generic definition a project published with a license that facilitates its sharing and that can be “compiled” or “manufactured” locally. * sharing * collaboration * open licenses * code --> artifact Open Design refers to every kind of design projects that can be shared in a digital format over a network.
  • 34. Open Design: also Fashion Design Source: http://www.openwear.org/
  • 35. Open Design: also Open Architecture (less developed) Source: http://openarchitecturenetwork.org/
  • 36. Open Design: also Open Architecture (less developed) Source: http://www.wikihouse.cc/
  • 37. OpenMoko: a completely open product The first product sold (2007-2009) with: * Open Source Software * Open Hardware * Open Design Source: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page
  • 38. OpenMoko: a completely open product The first product sold (2007-2009) with: * Open Source Software * Open Hardware * Open Design Source: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page
  • 39. OpenMoko: product hacking It was even sold with a toolkit for product hacking! Source: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page
  • 40. OpenMoko's failure “OpenMoko found that the cost of producing 3G smartphones was prohibitively high for independent device makers and it was simply not possible to do without using proprietary firmware.” “The mobile industry is increasingly embracing open source, [...] but the motivation is faster and cheaper development, not user empowerment.” --> An Open project can't go alone without: * building a collaborative system with other players (even “not open” ones) * decide to open only when it's the best option Source: http://arstechnica.com (http://bit.ly/3LyLh6)
  • 41. BugLabs A more successful example (approaching $ 1.000.000 in revenue in 2010, est.) Source: http://www.buglabs.net/
  • 42. BugLabs + Ford Source: http://www.buglabs.net/ford-buglabs
  • 43. Sketch Chair: Open Design as code Source: http://www.sketchchair.cc/
  • 44. Sketch Chair: Open Design as code Source: http://www.sketchchair.cc/
  • 45. Close relatives: Makers / DIY Source: Scott Beale / Laughing Squid http://laughingsquid.com http://www.flickr.com/photos/laughingsquid/133324021/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_it_yourself
  • 46. Close relatives: Product hacking / Piracy Source: http://www.ikeahackers.net/
  • 47. The current status of Open Design: going mainstream Source: http://craphound.com/makers/download/ http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/01/ff_newrevolution/
  • 48. The current status of Open Design: going mainstream Source: http://opendesignnow.org/ http://www.droog.com/projects/events/design-for-download/ http://www.droog.com/blog/category/design-for-download-2/
  • 49. The current status of Open Design: going mainstream Source: http://www.instructables.com/community/Instructables-Joins-Autodesk/ http://techcrunch.com/2011/08/01/autodesk-acquires-diy-community-instructables/
  • 50. The current status of Open Design: going mainstream Source: http://www.123dapp.com/
  • 51. The current status of Open Design * single persons or small groups design a project and then just publish it online * lack of new tools, processes, systems that enable designers and users in developing open design projects --> where is the collaboration? --> where are the open processes? --> where are the communities?
  • 52. The current status of Open Design From: [email protected] (Linus Benedict Torvalds) Newsgroups: comp.os.minix Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Summary: small poll for my new operating system Message-ID: Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki Hello everybody out there using minix - I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons) among other things). I've currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I'll get something practical within a few months, and I'd like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-) Linus ([email protected]) Source: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html
  • 53. … the experience of a user of Open Source software Source: http://sourceforge.net/
  • 54. … the big picture of Open Source software: the process (See video on next slide) Source: http://www.michaelogawa.com/code_swarm/
  • 55. … the big picture of Open Source software: the process Source: http://www.michaelogawa.com/research/storylines/
  • 56. … so Open Source communities are much more! Open Source --> Communities --> --> Complex Systems --> Complex Problems --> collective intelligence --> solve complex problems --> design complex projects See: Ko Kuwabara “Linux: A Bazaar at the Edge of Chaos” http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_3/kuwabara/index.html
  • 57. Innovation in a closed process Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft_Windows
  • 58. In Open Source! Source: http://futurist.se/gldt/
  • 59. A more systemic definition of Open Design A collaborative distributed system of design & manufacturing * sharing * collaboration * open licenses * open / distributed projects with commons based peer production governance * open and distributed manufacturing technologies A system of agents that: * use * design * manufacture * market * distribute * manage the end-of-life * ...
  • 60. What can we do for Open Design projects? Metadesign Metadesign is the design of the design tools, processes and systems * research and share design knowledge * research and share business models * research and share financial and environmental sustainability * design and share design tools * design and share design processes * facilitate design & manufacturing & end-of-life systems * facilitate the distributed creativity For designers For communities For users For enterprises
  • 61. Sourcemap: open source metadesign example Visualize and share supply chains : open source + API Source: http://www.sourcemap.com
  • 62. How do we design such Metadesign projects? --> Open P2P Design How do we research, develop and offer them in a Strategic Design project? --> openp2pdesign.org
  • 63. 04. Open P2P Design: metadesign of open and p2p systems
  • 64. Open P2P Design and openp2pdesign.org come from... * March 2005, Milan (Polytechnic) * a master degree thesis in industrial + service design * Design researchers were studying Design+Locality: * Spark! Design and Locality (Europe) http://www2.uiah.fi/virtu/spark/index.html * Me.Design (Italy) http://www.sistemadesignitalia.it/sdi/ricerche/medesign/index.php --> How can we design for a locality and its community? --> How can we enable the participation of a community in the design process?
  • 65. Designing Open Collaborative projects: Thinkcycle First open and collaborative design process (2000-2007) Source: http://www.thinkcycle.org (now closed) http://web.media.mit.edu/~nitin/thesis/
  • 66. P2P Service Design: Open Health (RED - Design Council) First p2p public services by design (2004-2006) Source: http://www.designcouncil.info/mt/RED/ (now inactive) http://www.participle.net/
  • 67. April 2006, Master Degree Thesis Reti Collaborative. Il design per una auto-organizzazione Open Peer-to-Peer (Collaborative Networks. Design for an Open Peer-to-Peer self-organization) Tutor: Ezio Manzini Politecnico di Milano, Faculty of Design You can download it here: http://www.openp2pdesign.org/source
  • 68. September 2008, a shorter book There's also a short (and updated) version in English (and Spanish and Italian) too! openp2pdesign.org_1.1 http://www.issuu.com/openp2pdesign http://www.scribd.com/openp2pdesign http://stores.lulu.com/openp2pdesign
  • 69. Where should we use Open P2P Design? * for community-centered projects * for community-based services / businesses * for projects that are distributed in a territory / locality * for complex projects * for participatory processes * for open processes and projects In Open Design, Open Innovation, Open Business, Open Government...
  • 70. Why Open P2P Design? * mass-collaboration/crowdsourcing --> change in the role of designers * being subjected to mass collaboration --> designing it * communities generate innovations --> more opportunities for designers --> designers can be enablers / facilitators of distributed creativity --> designers still have more knowledge and expertise, just now they are part of collaborative networks --> designers could even adopt open strategies
  • 71. And the Design research and practice is changing Design by author --> Design by marketing --> User-centred Design --> User-experience Design --> Activity-centred Design --> Co-Design --> … * Researching how to design better projects for the people that use them
  • 72. What does Open P2P Design design? } Activity Theory + Service Design (+ Activity Theory) + Activity Action Planning (Urbanism) + Social Network Analysis + ... --> Open Source Software development process + P2P dynamics Self-reflexive (metadesign): activity self-analysis + design --> * analyse and design the design activity itself * easier to participate and to suggest changes * shared understanding of the collaborative process
  • 73. Activity Theory Activity theory is an approach in psychology that aims to understand individual / social entities, through an analysis of the genesis, structure, and processes of their activities. Source: http://www.helsinki.fi/cradle/chat.htm http://www.helsinki.fi/cradle/activitysystem.htm
  • 74. Metadesign with Open P2P Design ? } Analysis + Design process: Concept design + A systemic activity Prototyping + comprising set of Manufacturing + actions (sub- Distribution + activities), with Support + their own tools, End of life + roles, rules ...
  • 75. What about the source code for Open P2P Design? Participation matrix + } Process Design Activity analysis + Social Network Analysis + } Community analysis } Storyboard + System map + Service blueprint + Activity Design Motivation matrix + Activity description + … Design project + } Open Design
  • 76. Open P2P Design Process (Participation Matrix)
  • 77. A toolkit for the Open P2P Design methodology Download it here: http://www.issuu.com/openp2pdesign http://www.scribd.com/openp2pdesign http://www.openp2pdesign.org/source
  • 78. What is openp2pdesign.org? It's not a startup (yet) but an open source community under development. International (English language) with projects in Italy, Spain, Finland, Germany, South Korea, Singapore, Mexico so far… So far: 1 master degree thesis Next: 1 paper + 1 book Research at Media Lab - Aalto 9 workshops Books 4 panels / lectures Events / workshops 1 keynote speech Open source softwares 1 commissioned report A larger network
  • 79. Make Magazine: Strategic Design for Metadesign * Make Magazine * Maker Faire * “Makers” Book (not Doctorow's one!) * Make: television * Make Controller Kit * Craft Magazine Just an example of what it could be... on a smaller scale maybe :-) Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pmtorrone/27722795/
  • 81. Open P2P Design Workshop, Singapore, NTU With Roger Pitiot 25-27 November 2009, NTU University Singapore Design Festival http://www.openp2pdesign.org/projects/past-projects/open-p2p-design-workshop-seoul-singapore-2009/
  • 83. 02. Participation Matrix “First version of the Participation Matrix, we do everything by ourselves” “Second version, now the students manufacture and manage the product, we just help them distributing it”
  • 84. 03. Open Design Activity
  • 85. 04. System Map rev. 20 “Feedback from students and survey results from customers, now available to read by concept designers.”
  • 86. 04. System Map rev.21 “everyone gets paid now!”
  • 87. 05. Open Design Activity Poster
  • 88. 06. Research and other future projects
  • 89. Current Research Doctoral Candidate in the Media Lab – Aalto University – TAIK (Helsinki) "A digital open source design methodology for enabling complex distributed systems with open, collaborative and p2p dynamics" --> Further researching and testing the methodology (tools, processes, roles) with participatory action research * software analogy with design (code, open source, coding) * complexity of open and p2p systems (analysis + simulation) * design and complexity * information and design * visualization of collaboration and communities * democratization of process design tools
  • 90. The future of openp2pdesign.org http://meta.openp2pdesign.org/ * Moving to Drupal and co-redesign with Open P2P Design process --> open community for open, collaborative, complex projects You can co-design it * mapping existing resources (tools, places, ...) and then participate * develop books / workshop / projects in it! :-) * ...
  • 91. Any question or comment?