Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research
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The document discusses open science in the context of transdisciplinary research, emphasizing the importance of data sharing and collaboration among various stakeholders to address global environmental issues. Author Yasuhisa Kondo outlines his background and research focus on early modern human migration, as well as the initiatives undertaken by the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) in Japan to promote open science. It highlights challenges, policy development, and the potential of citizen science to enhance research through diverse perspectives.
![Joint
ecological
niche-‐
&
cost
surface
analyses
4*Mid-‐glacial
data
(15ka)
from
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et
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2013
doi:
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• Precipitation*
• Temperature*
• Mean
annual
• Warmest
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• Coldest
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• Elevation
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• Slope
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rapidity
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Ecological
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Cost
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Location
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sites
[x,
y]
Niche
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Environmental
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Percentage
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Elapsed
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Least-‐cost
path(s)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cs-dc15kondoopenscience-150923023208-lva1-app6891/85/Open-science-in-the-context-of-transdisciplinary-research-4-320.jpg)
Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research
- 1. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research Yasuhisa Kondo 1 Multi-‐level Governance e-‐Track > Open Systems Exploration e-‐Session 5:00 to 5:30 UTC, Thursday, Oct 1, 2015 Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research
- 2. Who am I? Yasuhisa Kondo • An archaeologist • Some experience in GIS-‐based spatial analysis and database • Interested in data sharing and data-‐ driven approach • In charge of promoting open science at Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), Kyoto, Japan • Bio: https://chikyu.academia.edu/ YasuhisaKondo • Twitter: @yaskondo • 0000-‐0001-‐7670-‐4475 2Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research
- 3. My research: early modern human migration to Eurasia 3 Kara Bom Note: Recent reassessments of radiocarbon dates and lithic technologies suggested the possibility that the first migration of modern humans might occur earlier. Initial Upper Palaeolithic (IUP) industries (50-‐45 ka)
- 4. Joint ecological niche-‐ & cost surface analyses 4*Mid-‐glacial data (15ka) from MIROC AOGCM (Abe-‐Ouchi et al. 2013 doi: 10.1018/nature12374) • Precipitation* • Temperature* • Mean annual • Warmest month (July) • Coldest month (January) • Elevation (> –130m) • Slope • Aspect Regarded as relative rapidity of migration Ecological niche analysis Cost surface analysis Location of sites [x, y] Niche probability Environmental variables (see below) Percentage of contribution Elapsed years Least-‐cost path(s)
- 5. Suppose migrations from the southernmost site Wadi Aghir Regard niche probability as relative dispersal rapidity, under the assumption that the migration progressed more rapidly at a pixel with higher niche probability. 7
- 6. Least-‐cost paths from the southernmost site to other sites 6 Three routes visible: 1. Anatolia to Central Europe; 2. Caucasus to Russia; 3. Iran, Afghan to Altai
- 7. • A national research institute, supervised by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. • Conducting termed scientific projects to solve local and global environmental issues through multidisciplinary collaboration. • Promoting transdisciplinary approach in global environmental studies through collaborations with societal stakeholders. 7Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research www.chikyu.ac.jp
- 8. 8 projects ongoing + 26 projects completed 8 Water-‐resource management Integrated local Environmental knowledge Water-‐energy-‐food nexus Long-‐term sustainability through small economy Coastal area capability Desertification and livelihood Societal adaptation to climate change Biodiversity-‐driven nutrient cycling Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research
- 9. Transdisciplinary approach (1/2) (Mauser et al. 2013. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2013.07.001) Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 9
- 10. Transdisciplinary approach (2/2) “Science with Society” • Co-‐design of research agenda, • Co-‐production of knowledge, and • Co-‐dissemination of the results with societal stakeholders such as governmental agencies, funders, industries, NPOs and civil society. (Mauser et al. 2013. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2013.07.001) Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 10
- 11. Open Science
- 12. Open Definition “Open means anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share for any purpose (subject, at most, to requirements that preserve provenance and openness).” http://opendefinition.org/ Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 12
- 13. Open Science G8 Open Data Charter (June 2013) 8. We therefore agree to follow a set of principles that will be the foundation for access to, and the release and re-‐ use of, data made available by G8 governments. They are: n Open Data by Default n Quality and Quantity n Useable by All n Releasing Data for Improved Governance n Releasing Data for Innovation 10. We also recognise the benefits of open data can and should be enjoyed by citizens of all nations. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 13
- 14. Open science includes: 14 Open Data Open Access Open Knowledge Data Journals Data Citations Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research Open Source
- 15. Open Source Open source doesn’t just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-‐source software must comply: • Free redistribution of source code and derived works, • No discrimination against persons, groups, or fields of endeavor, • No restriction to other software, and • Technologically neutral. Definition by Open Source Initiative http://opensource.org/osd Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 15
- 16. Open Access (OA) “Free, immediate, online availability of research articles, coupled with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital environment.” http://www.sparc.arl.org/issues/open-‐access • Gold OA: Authors pay OA fee to publishers to make their articles open access. • Green OA: Institutional repositories make articles of affiliated members open access. Time delay (embargo) may apply. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 16
- 17. Open Data “Open data and content can be freely used, modified, and shared by anyone for any purpose.” http://opendefinition.org • Open Government Data >> advanced! • Open Science Data >> to be accomplished Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 17
- 18. Data Citation as a gateway to open science Data Journals Data Repositories Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 18 https://www.datacite.orghttp://www.nature.com/sdata/
- 19. Promotion of Open Science: a summary Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 19 Cabinet Office (2015.3) Promoting open science in Japan. Executive summary. http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/sonota/openscience/150330_openscience_summary_en.pdf
- 20. Open Knowledge Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 20 http://okfn.org
- 21. Dawn of Citizen Science Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 21 http://on.ted.com/Lotto Blackawton et al. 2011 doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.1056
- 22. Open science may boost citizen science • Pro bono researchers, or non-‐professional but skillful civil members, collect and analyze data with different thoughts, viewpoints and interests from those of professional researchers, • …and may yield a new method and interpretation beyond researchers’ conventional thinking. • In order to benefit from outcomes of citizen science, professional researchers design research agendas and disseminate outcomes with stronger motivations of societal collaboration, which may drive research to new directions. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 22
- 23. Open science may boost citizen science This may be a transformation of transdisciplinary approach. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 23
- 24. Problems of the RIHN’s project system • High academic fluidity (fixed-‐term projects and non-‐ tenured researchers) has disturbed the accumulation and utilization of research outcomes at the institute. • Research outcomes may be yielded by collaborators based at external institutions. • Different institutions has different data policies. • Different fields of research may have different manners and customs in belongingness of research outcomes. • Consequently, it was difficult to reuse outcomes of individual projects as those of the institute. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 24
- 25. Debate: Are data easily shared in your field? ü Rather easy in: • Astronomy • Geomagnetics where “big data” have internationally been shared over decades. ü Rather difficult in: • Human ecology • Cultural anthropology where human right issues may remain to be solved. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 25
- 26. Some negative feedbacks Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 26 I don’t want other people to use and interpret my data beyond my control. I’m reluctant to publish the data until I write and publish a scientific paper using it because the data itself has an original value to be securely kept. Illustration: http://www.irasutoya.com/
- 27. How can we make them willing to give data? Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 27 Illustration: http://www.irasutoya.com/ OK, I will give my data to those whom want. We need develop both regulations and service systems for that.
- 28. Two bottom-‐up actions RIHN is taking 1. Constituting a data policy 2. Developing an information service In order to facilitate transdisciplinary approaches in global environmental studies in the era of open science. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 28
- 29. The RIHN’s policy on research activities III. Dissemination of research outcomes • All research outcomes of the institute shall be disclosed to the society, regardless of the structure of research (i.e. personal or collaborative projects). Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 29
- 30. RIHN established data policy in September 2014 30Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research . . . . I V
- 31. The principles • RIHN shall respect the rights of the individuals and groups who create research outcomes as much as possible. • RIHN shall manage research outcomes in an appropriate manner. • RIHN will not inhibit the execution of contracts required for creating outcomes. • RIHN will not prevent individuals and groups from utilizing or giving to third parties the research outcomes they created. • This data policy covers all activities associated with RIHN. • This policy covers all outcomes in any formats. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 31
- 32. Characteristics and expected effects • These rules are designed to avoid conflicts with the data policies of other institutions as much as possible. • Respecting rights of researchers is expected to facilitate the accumulation and utilization of research outcomes. • A first step towards open science at RIHN and associated comminities. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 32
- 33. Developing an Information Service to Support the Global Environment Research Based on Societal Collaborations in the Era of Project Leader Yasuhisa Kondo RIHN Core Project Feasibility Study (FS) Open Science
- 34. Objectives • To develop a data service to support transdisciplinary approach in global environment studies; • To develop a transdisciplinary community of open science in global environment studies; and • To settle the concepts of open science to global environment studies. 34 Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research
- 35. FY 2015 FS 2016 FR1 2017 FR2 2018 FR3 2019-‐ Post-‐FR Schedule Plan Development Test Full-‐operationAssessment Assessed by the external committee ▼ Screened by the external committee ▼ FS = Feasibility Study; FR = Full Research Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 35
- 36. DIAS: an example of scientific data sharing system Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 36 http://dias-‐dss.tkl.iis.u-‐tokyo.ac.jp/ddc/finder?lang=en
- 37. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research Current Awareness Portal An example of scholarly information portal, operated by National Diet Library, Japan 37 http://current.ndl.go.jp/en
- 38. Women Who Code Tokyo x RIHN to be held at Kyoto on Oct 3-‐4 Co-‐design of the service by a civic-‐tech 38 Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research Let’s develop a service for future earth and human well-being! Illustration: Satomi Wanami
- 39. This Core Project A use case 39 Users RIHN archives Reference service Information service Research projects of RIHN Future Earth Asia CenterLabs Other services Governments Funders Industries NPOs Local residents Pro bonos Public relations Researchers Data librarian information Inquiries Interaction
- 40. 40 Reference service by a data librarian new! Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research
- 41. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research Summary and discussion Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research • will facilitate citizen science. • Pro bono researchers may play an important role for social innovation. • It is now important to develop a transdisciplinary community for open science, involving societal stakeholders. • Note that openness is not always good – we must distinguish what we can do and what we cannot do. 41
- 42. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research Acknowledgements • I thank the open science community of Japan for helping the development of my thought presented in this talk. • Among them, I specially thank: • Masatoshi Funabashi (Sony CSL) • Kazuhiro Hayashi (MEXT) • Satoshi Ishikawa (RIHN) • Asanobu Kitamoto (National Institute of Informatics) • Nobuko Miyairi (ORCiD) • Yasuhiro Murayama (NICT / ICSU-‐WDS) 42 Thank you for listening. Yasuhisa Kondo -‐ [email protected]
- 43. Debate: Are data easily shared in your field? ü Rather easy in: • Astronomy • Geomagnetics where “big data” have internationally been shared over decades. ü Rather difficult in: • Human ecology • Cultural anthropology where human right issues may remain to be solved. Open science in the context of transdisciplinary research 43