如何安装Oracle one off临时小补丁及注意事项

如何安装 Oracle one-
off 临时小补丁及注意事项

by Maclean.liu
liu.maclean@gmail.com
www.oracledatabase12g.com

About Me

l Email:liu.maclean@gmail.com
l Blog:www.oracledatabase12g.com
l Oracle Certified Database Administrator Master 10g
and 11g
l Over 6 years experience with Oracle DBA technology
l Over 7 years experience with Linux technology
l Member Independent Oracle Users Group
l Member All China Users Group
l Presents for advanced Oracle topics: RAC,
DataGuard, Performance Tuning and Oracle Internal.

Oracle Database 的补丁除去我们最常见的 Patch set 大补丁集(就是那种动辄 1、2 个 G 的补丁包)外，还包括
Critical Patch Update(CPU)和 Patch Set Update(PSU),one-off Patch(一次性补丁);在数据库使用过程中出现某些
问题后(最常见的是出现 ORA-00600、ORA-07445 错误)，通过 DBA 与 MOS 的协作将问题定位到某个大版本上
的具体 Bug，如果该 Bug 在该版本上现有 one-off patch 的话，我们可以通过 one-off patch 的实施来解决问
题，one-off patch 具有如下特点:

1. one-off patch 的 patch 包一般都很小，因为它是为了修正一个或多个 bug 所特制，它一般只包含必要
的 inventory xml 信息，以及和 bug 相关的共享库文件(一般是.o 或者.a 文件)

2. one-off patch 绝大多数是随需随制，一般是 Oracle 内部人员发现 Bug 或者客户在生产过程中遇到
Bug 后，向 Oracle development 开发部门提出 patch building 的 Request ，开发人员接到
building 或 backport 的要求后会为客户系统指定的数据库版本和操作系统平台特制一个补丁(如果还没
有的话)；举例来说可能一个 bug 在 Linux 平台的 10.2.0.4 版本中已有 one-off patch，但客户在
Solaris Sparc 平台上 10.2.0.3 上碰到同样的 bug，那么这个时候就可以提交 SR 要求 Oracle 开发部
门 backport 这个 patch

3. 绝大多数 one-off patch 只需要用 Opatch 工具 apply 即可，不需要升级/修正数据字典，这一点和
Patch set/CPU/PSU 是不同的

4. one-off patch 是针对某个特殊版本的，如 10.2.0.4 上的 one-off patch 只能针对 10.2.0.4 实施，而
在 10.2.0.4.8(10.2.0.4 的 PSU 8)上该 one-off patch 可能是一个 conflicting Bug 即有冲突的一次
性 bug 补丁；针对这种情况 Oracle 一般会给出当前版本上的替代 one-off patch，例如
6996030″MERGE LABEL REQUEST ON TOP OF 10.2.0.4 FOR AUDIT TRAIL CLEAN-UP”是
10.2.0.4 上的一个 one-off patch，但在 10.2.0.4.4 上 6996030 是一个 conflicting bug 存在冲突，
这样我们就需要一个替代品、一个 10.2.0.4.4 上的 Equivalent patch 等价补丁，在我们的例子中这个
patch 是 9650152 “MERGE REQUEST ON TOP OF 10.2.0.4.4 FOR BUGS 9589005 6805009
6991606″

5. 实施 one-off patch 意味着你的数据库软件将与其他主流版本的数据库在行为方式上有所区别，另一方
面你需要考虑到如果发现了新的 Bug 并考虑打上另一个 one-off patch 时可能存在 Conflicting 冲突。
大多数情况下 one-off patch 可以迅速帮我们解决 Bug，但反过来说实施任意一个 one-off patch 时我
们可能冒着今后花费更多时间去维护数据库补丁的风险；就这一点来看，应用 one-off patch 有着它明
显的缺点

6. 在 11g 中提出了 hot patch 的概念，这里的 patch 就是指的 one-off patch；就目前看来 online-
patching 只是一个噱头，因为真正具备在线实施能力的 patch 少之又少，你很难从 MOS 上的 patch 专
栏中找到一个可用的 online-patch

7. 一个我个人的观点：Oracle GCS 会通过 stack call、trace、dump 等信息将问题定位到 bug，最为常
见的是 ORA-00600、ORA-07445 等内部错误，这些错误因为有着明确的 error argument、stack
call 等信息可以让 GCS 精确地定位故障，而对于另一些问题例如 process spin、异常等待事件等不产
生明确 argument、stack、dump 的问题时，定位就要困难一些。我们经常可以看到一些 bug note，
在客户 apply one-off patch 并设置特定 event 后 one-off patch 并不起作用，导致这种情况的原因多
种多样，一种可能是 patch 在开发过程中存在问题(补丁代码没有被正确触发),另一种则是 bug 没有被准
确定位。

我们目前的问题在于虽然 one-off patch 存在这样那样的问题，但很多时候又不得不实施 one-off patch(大多数原
因是停机时间限制);以及在一个已经实施了诸多 Patch set、PSU、CPU 和 one-off patch 的环境中新增 one-off
patch，为了更好地完成这项工作，我们有必要在具体实施补丁前完成以下的预备工作：

1.在定位到具体 Bug 后我们可以获得一个 Bug No#，使用该 No#到 My Oracle Support 上的 Patches & Updates
专栏中搜索该 Bug 相关的 patch 信息，这里存在三种情况：

• 最好的情况是指定的数据库版本和操作系统平台上存在相关的 patch

• 指定数据库版本上有 patch，注意这里的指定数据库版本需要精确到具体的 PSU，但没有指定操作系统
平台上的，这个时候可以提交 SR 要求在指定平台上 build 一个

• 指定数据库版本上没有 patch，注意这里的指定数据库版本需要精确到具体的 PSU，例如 10.2.0.4 上
的 patch 是不能直接用在 10.2.0.4.x 上的;针对这种情况我们可以首先查询 Metalink Note“Patch
Set Updates – One-off Patch Conflict Resolution”,可以从这个 Note 中查到指定 one-off
patch 是否被包含在某个 psu 中，或者在某个 psu 上有特定的等价补丁(Equivalent on top)，一部分
one-off patch 在不同的 psu 之间还存在通用性，如 10.2.0.4.4 上的部分 patch 可以在 10.2.0.4.5 上
实施，具体是否通用可以参考下文中冲突检查的方法来检验。如果都没有等价补丁也没有通用补丁那么
需要提交 SR 让 Oracle 开发部门去 merge 一个

2.更复杂的情况是在现有版本上已经应用了某些特定的 patch(psu、cpu、或者其他 one-off patch)，我们要保证需
要新增的 one-off patch 之间不存在 conflict 关系，也不会和系统中已有的 patch 发生 conflict，这时候我们可以使
用 opatch prereq 命令来做冲突检查并得到相关建议，如:

[oracle@rh2 tmp]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
Invoking OPatch 11.2.0.1.3
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.1.3

Copyright (c) 2010, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /s01/db_1
Central Inventory : /s01/oraInventory

from : /etc/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.1.3
OUI version : 10.2.0.4.0
OUI location : /s01/db_1/oui
Log file location : /s01/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2011-05-06_21-41-39PM.log

Patch history file: /s01/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch_history.txt

Lsinventory Output file location : /s01/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2011-05-
06_21-41-39PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (2):

Oracle Database 10g 10.2.0.1.0
Oracle Database 10g Release 2 Patch Set 3 10.2.0.4.0
There are 2 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (2) :

Patch 9654991 : applied on Fri May 06 21:33:38 CST 2011
Unique Patch ID: 12816418

Created on 30 Jun 2010, 18:30:40 hrs PST8PDT

Bugs fixed:

9714832, 9713537, 9678695, 9655017, 9173248, 8309642, 9678697, 9678690

9573054, 9654991

This patch overlays patches:

9352164

This patch needs patches:

9352164

as prerequisites


Created on 1 Apr 2010, 11:33:14 hrs PST8PDT

Bugs fixed:

/* 以上示例环境中实施了 10.2.0.4 上的 psu4(9352164)和 psu5(9654991) */

/* 在示例环境中我们试图实施补丁 7527908 和 9696904，这 2 个 merge patch 是针对 psu4(10.2.0.4.4)版本的，
但在 psu5(10.2.0.4.5)上没有相应的替代补丁，我们需要检测这 2 个 patch 是否和 psu5 发生冲突 */

[oracle@rh2 ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/patches

/* 在 Oracle HOME 下创建存放 patch 的目录 */

[oracle@rh2 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/patches

[oracle@rh2 patches]$ unzip /home/oracle/patch/p7527908_102044_Linux-x86-64.zip

Archive: /home/oracle/patch/p7527908_102044_Linux-x86-64.zip

creating: 7527908/

creating: 7527908/files/

creating: 7527908/files/lib/

creating: 7527908/files/lib/libserver10.a/

inflating: 7527908/files/lib/libserver10.a/ktm.o

inflating: 7527908/files/lib/libserver10.a/ktu.o

inflating: 7527908/files/lib/libserver10.a/ktusm.o

creating: 7527908/etc/

creating: 7527908/etc/config/

inflating: 7527908/etc/config/inventory

inflating: 7527908/etc/config/actions

creating: 7527908/etc/xml/

inflating: 7527908/etc/xml/GenericActions.xml

inflating: 7527908/etc/xml/ShiphomeDirectoryStructure.xml

inflating: 7527908/README.txt

[oracle@rh2 patches]$ unzip ~/patch/p9696904_102044_Linux-x86-64.zip
Archive: /home/oracle/patch/p9696904_102044_Linux-x86-64.zip

creating: 9696904/

creating: 9696904/files/

creating: 9696904/files/lib/

creating: 9696904/files/lib/libserver10.a/

inflating: 9696904/files/lib/libserver10.a/kks1.o

inflating: 9696904/files/lib/libserver10.a/kksc.o

inflating: 9696904/files/lib/libserver10.a/kksh.o

inflating: 9696904/files/lib/libserver10.a/ksmp.o

inflating: 9696904/files/lib/libserver10.a/kspt.o

creating: 9696904/etc/

creating: 9696904/etc/config/

inflating: 9696904/etc/config/inventory

inflating: 9696904/etc/config/actions

creating: 9696904/etc/xml/

inflating: 9696904/etc/xml/GenericActions.xml

inflating: 9696904/etc/xml/ShiphomeDirectoryStructure.xml

inflating: 9696904/README.txt

接下来我们首先检查以上 2 个 patch 之间是否存在 conflict 冲突，这里我们会用到 opatch prereq
CheckConflictAmongPatchesWithDetail 命令:

[oracle@rh2 db_1]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch prereq
CheckConflictAmongPatchesWithDetail -phBaseDir $ORACLE_HOME/patches


PREREQ session


Invoking prereq "checkconflictamongpatcheswithdetail"

Prereq "checkConflictAmongPatchesWithDetail" passed.

OPatch succeeded.

/* 可以看到以上补丁间冲突检查发现需要实施的补丁间不存在冲突 */

接着我们需要为将要实施的补丁与系统中现有的补丁检查是否存在冲突，这里我们要用到 opatch prereq
CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail 命令，如:

[oracle@rh2 db_1]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch prereq
CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /s01/db_1/patches/9696904



PREREQ session




Invoking prereq "checkconflictagainstohwithdetail"

Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.

OPatch succeeded.

[oracle@rh2 db_1]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail
-phBaseDir /s01/db_1/patches/7527908


PREREQ session





Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.

OPatch succeeded.

/* 在这里另外举一个检查后发现冲突的例子 */

[oracle@rh2 tmp]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail
-phBaseDir 8557428


PREREQ session





ZOP-47: The patch(es) has supersets with other patches installed in the Oracle Home (or)
among themselves.

ZOP-40: The patch(es) has conflicts with other patches installed in the Oracle Home (or)
among themselves.

Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" failed.

Summary of Conflict Analysis:

There are no patches that can be applied now.

Following patches have conflicts. Please contact Oracle Support and get the merged patch
of the patches :
9352164

Following patches are not required, as they are subset of the patches in Oracle Home or
subset of the patches in the given list :

Following patches will be rolled back from Oracle Home on application of the patches in
the given list :
9352164
Conflicts/Supersets for each patch are:

Patch : 8557428
Bug Conflict with 9352164
Conflicting bugs are:
8479537, 7462072, 8210889, 6404447

OPatch succeeded.

/* 可以看到以上发现了 8557428 one-off patch 与 9352164(PSU4)之间存在冲突，
引发冲突的 Bug 是 8479537, 7462072, 8210889, 6404447
opatch 建议用户提交合并 8557428 和 9352164 补丁的服务要求 */

通过以上检查可以发现虽然是针对 psu4(10.2.0.4.4)发布的 one-off patch，但在对 psu5(10.2.0.4.5)的 ORACLE
HOME 做 checkConflict 时未发现冲突，接着我们 opatch apply -report 命令来预演补丁实施，使用-report 选项让
opatch 仅报告其所会做的操作，而不真正去实施这些操作:

[oracle@rh2 db_1]$ cd patches/7527908/
[oracle@rh2 7527908]$ ls
etc files README.txt
[oracle@rh2 7527908]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply -report






ApplySession applying interim patch '7527908' to OH '/s01/db_1'

Running prerequisite checks...
[Report: skip "rm -rf /s01/db_1/ccr"]
[Report: skip unzipping "/s01/db_1/OPatch/ocm/ocm.zip"]
Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and
initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My
Oracle Support Email address/User Name.
Visit http://www.oracle.com/support/policies.html for details.
Email address/User Name:

You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: Yes
[Report: Skip calling "/bin/sh /s01/db_1/ccr/bin/setupCCR -R
/s01/db_1/.patch_storage/ocmRespFile -S OPatch -V 11.2.0.1.3" under "/s01/db_1/ccr/bin"]

OPatch detected non-cluster Oracle Home from the inventory and will patch the local
system only.

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/s01/db_1')

Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files and inventory (not for auto-rollback) for the Oracle Home
Users request no RAC file generation. Do not create MP files.

Skip patching component oracle.rdbms, 10.2.0.4.0 and its actions.
The actions are reported here, but are not performed.

Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ktm.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ktu.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ktusm.o"
Running make for target ioracle
ApplySession skipping inventory update.

Verifying the update...
Inventory and System verification is performed here.

The local system has been patched and can be restarted.

OPatch succeeded.

[oracle@rh2 patches]$ cd 9696904/
[oracle@rh2 9696904]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply -report





[Report: skip "rm -rf /s01/db_1/ccr"]
[Report: skip unzipping "/s01/db_1/OPatch/ocm/ocm.zip"]


[Report: Skip calling "/bin/sh /s01/db_1/ccr/bin/setupCCR -R
/s01/db_1/.patch_storage/ocmRespFile -S
OPatch -V 11.2.0.1.3" under "/s01/db_1/ccr/bin"]

system only.


y
Users request no RAC file generation. Do not create MP files.

Skip patching component oracle.rdbms, 10.2.0.4.0 and its actions.
The actions are reported here, but are not performed.

Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kks1.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kksc.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kksh.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ksmp.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kspt.o"
ApplySession skipping inventory update.

Inventory and System verification is performed here.


OPatch succeeded.

以上使用 opatch apply -report 进一步确认了实施以上补丁不会引起冲突或其他失败，我们可以放心地正式应用补
丁了！


[oracle@rh2 7527908]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply









system only.



y
Backing up files affected by the patch '7527908' for restore. This might take a while...
Backing up files affected by the patch '7527908' for rollback. This might take a while...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 10.2.0.4.0...
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ktm.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ktu.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ktusm.o"
ApplySession adding interim patch '7527908' to inventory

Inventory check OK: Patch ID 7527908 is registered in Oracle Home inventory with proper
meta-data.
Files check OK: Files from Patch ID 7527908 are present in Oracle Home.


OPatch succeeded.

/* 以下正式安装 one-off 临时小布丁！ */

[oracle@rh2 7527908]$ cd ..

[oracle@rh2 9696904]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply









system only.


y
Backing up files affected by the patch '9696904' for restore. This might take a while...
Backing up files affected by the patch '9696904' for rollback. This might take a while...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 10.2.0.4.0...
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kks1.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kksc.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kksh.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ksmp.o"
Updating archive file "/s01/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kspt.o"
ApplySession adding interim patch '9696904' to inventory

Inventory check OK: Patch ID 9696904 is registered in Oracle Home inventory with proper
meta-data.
Files check OK: Files from Patch ID 9696904 are present in Oracle Home.


OPatch succeeded.

[oracle@rh2 9696904]$ /s01/db_1/OPatch/opatch lsinventory





Lsinventory Output file location : /s01/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2011-05-
06_22-28-56PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (2):

Oracle Database 10g 10.2.0.1.0
Oracle Database 10g Release 2 Patch Set 3 10.2.0.4.0
There are 2 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (4) :


Created on 10 May 2010, 23:22:02 hrs PST8PDT

Bugs fixed:

7025450, 8575528, 6904068


9352164


9352164

as prerequisites



Bugs fixed:

7527908


9352164


9352164

as prerequisites


Created on 30 Jun 2010, 18:30:40 hrs PST8PDT

Bugs fixed:

9714832, 9713537, 9678695, 9655017, 9173248, 8309642, 9678697, 9678690

9573054, 9654991


9352164


9352164

as prerequisites



Bugs fixed:
.............................................................

/* Applied one-off patch successfully, That's great! */

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任.

如何安装Oracle one off临时小补丁及注意事项

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