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Oracle to Cassandra Core Concepts Guide Pt. 2

DataStax Academy
DataStax Academy

This document provides an overview of Cassandra data modeling concepts. It discusses Cassandra data types like collections (sets, lists, maps) and how to model different types of tables, including static, dynamic, and time series tables. It also covers primary keys, clustering columns, query patterns, and other Cassandra features like lightweight transactions and user defined functions. The overall document is a guide to understanding Cassandra data modeling fundamentals.

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©2015 DataStax Confidential. Do not distribute without consent. @RachelPedreschi & @PatrickMcFadin Rachel Pedreschi & Patrick McFadin
 Evangelists for Apache Cassandra Oracle to Cassandra Core Concepts Guide Part 2: Data Model Strikes Back 1
Where are we now? Pt. 1 - Transition from Oracle to Cassandra How does it work? What are the differences? Pt. 2 - Cassandra Data Model All the details on how to use Cassandra Query Language (CQL) Pt. 3 - Building a Cassandra Application Wrap it all up with a top down application design. Combining everything we’ve learned plus a more.
Application hash(key) => token(43) replication factor = 3 80 10 3050 70 60 40 20
“Static” Table CREATE TABLE videos (
 videoid uuid,
 userid uuid,
 name varchar,
 description varchar,
 location text,
 location_type int,
 preview_thumbnails map<text,text>,
 tags set<varchar>,
 added_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (videoid)
 ); Table Name Column Name Column CQL Type Primary Key Designation Partition Key
Row Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Partition Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Table Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Partition Key 2 Partition Key 2 Partition Key 2
Keyspace Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Table 1 Table 2 Keyspace 1
Insert INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description, location, location_type, preview_thumbnails, tags, added_date, metadata)
 VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.', 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 
 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling','http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g',1,
 {'YouTube':'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g'},{'cassandra','data model','relational','instruction'},
 '2013-05-02 12:30:29'); Table Name Fields Values Partition Key: Required
Partition keys 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed Murmur3 Hash Token = 7224631062609997448 873ff430-9c23-4e60-be5f-278ea2bb21bd Murmur3 Hash Token = -6804302034103043898 Consistent hash. 128 bit number between 2-63 and 264 INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description)
 VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.’, 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling'); INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description)
 VALUES (873ff430-9c23-4e60-be5f-278ea2bb21bd,'Become a Super Modeler’, 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 'Second in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling');
“Dynamic” Table CREATE TABLE videos_by_tag (
 tag text,
 videoid uuid,
 added_date timestamp,
 name text,
 preview_image_location text,
 tagged_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (tag, videoid)
 ); Partition Key Clustering Column
Primary key relationship PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid)
Primary key relationship Partition Key PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid)
Primary key relationship Partition Key Clustering Column PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid)
Primary key relationship Partition Key data model PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid) Clustering Column
-5.6 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed Primary key relationship Partition Key 2013-05-16 16:50:002013-05-02 12:30:29 873ff430-9c23-4e60-be5f-278ea2bb21bd PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid) Clustering Column data model 49f64d40-7d89-4890-b910-dbf923563a33 2013-06-11 11:00:00
Select name | description | added_date
 ---------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------
 The data model is dead. Long live the data model. | First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling | 2013-05-02 12:30:29-0700 SELECT name, description, added_date
 FROM videos
 WHERE videoid = 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed; Fields Table Name Primary Key: Partition Key Required
Controlling Order CREATE TABLE raw_weather_data (
 wsid text,
 year int,
 month int,
 day int,
 hour int,
 temperature double,
 PRIMARY KEY ((wsid), year, month, day, hour)
 ) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (year DESC, month DESC, day DESC, hour DESC); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,10,-5.6); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,9,-5.1); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,8,-4.9); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,7,-5.3);
Clustering 200510010:99999 12 1 10 200510010:99999 12 1 9 raw_weather_data -5.6 -5.1 200510010:99999 12 1 8 200510010:99999 12 1 7 -4.9 -5.3 Order By DESC
Write Path Client INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,7,-5.3); year 1wsid 1 month 1 day 1 hour 1 year 2wsid 2 month 2 day 2 hour 2 Memtable SSTable SSTable SSTable SSTable Node Commit Log Data * Compaction * Temp Temp
Storage Model - Logical View 2005:12:1:10 -5.6 2005:12:1:9 -5.1 2005:12:1:8 -4.9 10010:99999 10010:99999 10010:99999 wsid hour temperature 2005:12:1:7 -5.3 10010:99999 SELECT wsid, hour, temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid=‘10010:99999’
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1;
2005:12:1:10 -5.6 -5.3-4.9-5.1 Storage Model - Disk Layout 2005:12:1:9 2005:12:1:8 10010:99999 2005:12:1:7 Merged, Sorted and Stored Sequentially SELECT wsid, hour, temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid=‘10010:99999’
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1;
2005:12:1:10 -5.6 2005:12:1:11 -4.9 -5.3-4.9-5.1 Storage Model - Disk Layout 2005:12:1:9 2005:12:1:8 10010:99999 2005:12:1:7 Merged, Sorted and Stored Sequentially SELECT wsid, hour, temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid=‘10010:99999’
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1;
2005:12:1:10 -5.6 2005:12:1:11 -4.9 -5.3-4.9-5.1 Storage Model - Disk Layout 2005:12:1:9 2005:12:1:8 10010:99999 2005:12:1:7 Merged, Sorted and Stored Sequentially SELECT wsid, hour, temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid=‘10010:99999’
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1; 2005:12:1:12 -5.4
Read Path Client SSTable SSTable SSTable Node Data SELECT wsid,hour,temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid='10010:99999'
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1 
 AND hour >= 7 AND hour <= 10; year 1wsid 1 month 1 day 1 hour 1 year 2wsid 2 month 2 day 2 hour 2 Memtable Temp Temp
Query patterns • Range queries • “Slice” operation on disk Single seek on disk 10010:99999 Partition key for locality SELECT wsid,hour,temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid='10010:99999'
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1 
 AND hour >= 7 AND hour <= 10; 2005:12:1:10 -5.6 -5.3-4.9-5.1 2005:12:1:9 2005:12:1:8 2005:12:1:7
Query patterns • Range queries • “Slice” operation on disk Programmers like this Sorted by event_time 2005:12:1:10 -5.6 2005:12:1:9 -5.1 2005:12:1:8 -4.9 10010:99999 10010:99999 10010:99999 weather_station hour temperature 2005:12:1:7 -5.3 10010:99999 SELECT weatherstation,hour,temperature FROM temperature WHERE weatherstation_id=‘10010:99999' AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1 AND hour >= 7 AND hour <= 10;
Other New and Not-so-New-but-different things
Collections Set tags set<varchar> CQL Type: For Ordering Column Name CREATE TABLE videos (
 videoid uuid,
 userid uuid,
 name varchar,
 description varchar,
 location text,
 location_type int,
 preview_thumbnails map<text,text>,
 tags set<varchar>,
 added_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (videoid)
 );
Collections Set List Column Name Column Name CQL Type CREATE TABLE videos (
 videoid uuid,
 userid uuid,
 name varchar,
 description varchar,
 location text,
 location_type int,
 preview_thumbnails map<text,text>,
 tags set<varchar>,
 added_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (videoid)
 ); tags set<varchar> CQL Type: For Ordering tags set<varchar>
Collections Set List Map preview_thumbnails map<text,text> Column Name Column Name CQL Key Type CQL Value Type Column Name CREATE TABLE videos (
 videoid uuid,
 userid uuid,
 name varchar,
 description varchar,
 location text,
 location_type int,
 preview_thumbnails map<text,text>,
 tags set<varchar>,
 added_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (videoid)
 ); CQL Type tags set<varchar> tags set<varchar> CQL Type: For Ordering
Aggregates (Sort of) *As of Cassandra 2.2 •Built-in: avg, min, max, count(<column name>) •Runs on server •Always use with partition key
User Defined Functions CREATE FUNCTION maxI(current int, candidate int)
 CALLED ON NULL INPUT
 RETURNS int LANGUAGE java AS
 'if (current == null) return candidate; else return Math.max(current, candidate);' ;
 
 CREATE AGGREGATE maxAgg(int)
 SFUNC maxI
 STYPE int
 INITCOND null; CQL Type Pure Function SELECT maxAgg(temperature)
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid='10010:99999' 
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1 Aggregate using function over partition
Lightweight Transactions Don’t overwrite! INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description, location, location_type, preview_thumbnails, tags, added_date, metadata)
 VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.', 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 
 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling','http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g',1,
 {'YouTube':'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g'},{'cassandra','data model','relational','instruction'},
 '2013-05-02 12:30:29’) IF NOT EXISTS;
Lightweight Transactions No-op. Don’t throw error CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS videos_by_tag (
 tag text,
 videoid uuid,
 added_date timestamp,
 name text,
 preview_image_location text,
 tagged_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (tag, videoid)
 );
Regular Update UPDATE videos
 SET name = 'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.'
 WHERE id = 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed; Table Name Fields to Update: Not in Primary Key Primary Key
Lightweight Transactions Don’t overwrite! UPDATE videos
 SET name = 'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.'
 WHERE id = 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed IF userid = 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678;
Deleting Data
Delete DELETE FROM videos
 WHERE id = 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed; Table Name Primary Key: Required
Expiring Data Time To Live = TTL INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description, location, location_type, preview_thumbnails, tags, added_date, metadata)
 VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.', 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 
 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling','http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g',1,
 {'YouTube':'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g'},{'cassandra','data model','relational','instruction'},
 '2013-05-02 12:30:29’) USING TTL = 2592000 Expire Data: 30 Days
What about joins??
Oracle to Cassandra Core Concepts Guide Pt. 3 Tired of timeouts? Cursing your cursors? Join the distributed revolution and bring your dev team into application nirvana. You won’t believe how easy it is to be code complete on your next big project. We will show you how to lead your devs away from the clutches of the DBA and be in control of their own data destiny. Discover the methodology that will make your Cassandra project epic. Stay tuned!
RachelP50 or PatrickM50- 50% off Priority Pass RachelPCert or PatrickMCert- 25% Certification

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Oracle to Cassandra Core Concepts Guide Pt. 2

  • 1. ©2015 DataStax Confidential. Do not distribute without consent. @RachelPedreschi & @PatrickMcFadin Rachel Pedreschi & Patrick McFadin
 Evangelists for Apache Cassandra Oracle to Cassandra Core Concepts Guide Part 2: Data Model Strikes Back 1
  • 2. Where are we now? Pt. 1 - Transition from Oracle to Cassandra How does it work? What are the differences? Pt. 2 - Cassandra Data Model All the details on how to use Cassandra Query Language (CQL) Pt. 3 - Building a Cassandra Application Wrap it all up with a top down application design. Combining everything we’ve learned plus a more.
  • 3. Application hash(key) => token(43) replication factor = 3 80 10 3050 70 60 40 20
  • 4. “Static” Table CREATE TABLE videos (
 videoid uuid,
 userid uuid,
 name varchar,
 description varchar,
 location text,
 location_type int,
 preview_thumbnails map<text,text>,
 tags set<varchar>,
 added_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (videoid)
 ); Table Name Column Name Column CQL Type Primary Key Designation Partition Key
  • 7. Table Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Partition Key 2 Partition Key 2 Partition Key 2
  • 8. Keyspace Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Table 1 Table 2 Keyspace 1
  • 9. Insert INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description, location, location_type, preview_thumbnails, tags, added_date, metadata)
 VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.', 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 
 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling','http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g',1,
 {'YouTube':'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g'},{'cassandra','data model','relational','instruction'},
 '2013-05-02 12:30:29'); Table Name Fields Values Partition Key: Required
  • 10. Partition keys 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed Murmur3 Hash Token = 7224631062609997448 873ff430-9c23-4e60-be5f-278ea2bb21bd Murmur3 Hash Token = -6804302034103043898 Consistent hash. 128 bit number between 2-63 and 264 INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description)
 VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.’, 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling'); INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description)
 VALUES (873ff430-9c23-4e60-be5f-278ea2bb21bd,'Become a Super Modeler’, 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 'Second in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling');
  • 11. “Dynamic” Table CREATE TABLE videos_by_tag (
 tag text,
 videoid uuid,
 added_date timestamp,
 name text,
 preview_image_location text,
 tagged_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (tag, videoid)
 ); Partition Key Clustering Column
  • 12. Primary key relationship PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid)
  • 13. Primary key relationship Partition Key PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid)
  • 14. Primary key relationship Partition Key Clustering Column PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid)
  • 15. Primary key relationship Partition Key data model PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid) Clustering Column
  • 16. -5.6 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed Primary key relationship Partition Key 2013-05-16 16:50:002013-05-02 12:30:29 873ff430-9c23-4e60-be5f-278ea2bb21bd PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid) Clustering Column data model 49f64d40-7d89-4890-b910-dbf923563a33 2013-06-11 11:00:00
  • 17. Select name | description | added_date
 ---------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------
 The data model is dead. Long live the data model. | First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling | 2013-05-02 12:30:29-0700 SELECT name, description, added_date
 FROM videos
 WHERE videoid = 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed; Fields Table Name Primary Key: Partition Key Required
  • 18. Controlling Order CREATE TABLE raw_weather_data (
 wsid text,
 year int,
 month int,
 day int,
 hour int,
 temperature double,
 PRIMARY KEY ((wsid), year, month, day, hour)
 ) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (year DESC, month DESC, day DESC, hour DESC); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,10,-5.6); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,9,-5.1); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,8,-4.9); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,7,-5.3);
  • 19. Clustering 200510010:99999 12 1 10 200510010:99999 12 1 9 raw_weather_data -5.6 -5.1 200510010:99999 12 1 8 200510010:99999 12 1 7 -4.9 -5.3 Order By DESC
  • 20. Write Path Client INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature)
 VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,7,-5.3); year 1wsid 1 month 1 day 1 hour 1 year 2wsid 2 month 2 day 2 hour 2 Memtable SSTable SSTable SSTable SSTable Node Commit Log Data * Compaction * Temp Temp
  • 21. Storage Model - Logical View 2005:12:1:10 -5.6 2005:12:1:9 -5.1 2005:12:1:8 -4.9 10010:99999 10010:99999 10010:99999 wsid hour temperature 2005:12:1:7 -5.3 10010:99999 SELECT wsid, hour, temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid=‘10010:99999’
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1;
  • 22. 2005:12:1:10 -5.6 -5.3-4.9-5.1 Storage Model - Disk Layout 2005:12:1:9 2005:12:1:8 10010:99999 2005:12:1:7 Merged, Sorted and Stored Sequentially SELECT wsid, hour, temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid=‘10010:99999’
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1;
  • 23. 2005:12:1:10 -5.6 2005:12:1:11 -4.9 -5.3-4.9-5.1 Storage Model - Disk Layout 2005:12:1:9 2005:12:1:8 10010:99999 2005:12:1:7 Merged, Sorted and Stored Sequentially SELECT wsid, hour, temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid=‘10010:99999’
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1;
  • 24. 2005:12:1:10 -5.6 2005:12:1:11 -4.9 -5.3-4.9-5.1 Storage Model - Disk Layout 2005:12:1:9 2005:12:1:8 10010:99999 2005:12:1:7 Merged, Sorted and Stored Sequentially SELECT wsid, hour, temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid=‘10010:99999’
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1; 2005:12:1:12 -5.4
  • 25. Read Path Client SSTable SSTable SSTable Node Data SELECT wsid,hour,temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid='10010:99999'
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1 
 AND hour >= 7 AND hour <= 10; year 1wsid 1 month 1 day 1 hour 1 year 2wsid 2 month 2 day 2 hour 2 Memtable Temp Temp
  • 26. Query patterns • Range queries • “Slice” operation on disk Single seek on disk 10010:99999 Partition key for locality SELECT wsid,hour,temperature
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid='10010:99999'
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1 
 AND hour >= 7 AND hour <= 10; 2005:12:1:10 -5.6 -5.3-4.9-5.1 2005:12:1:9 2005:12:1:8 2005:12:1:7
  • 27. Query patterns • Range queries • “Slice” operation on disk Programmers like this Sorted by event_time 2005:12:1:10 -5.6 2005:12:1:9 -5.1 2005:12:1:8 -4.9 10010:99999 10010:99999 10010:99999 weather_station hour temperature 2005:12:1:7 -5.3 10010:99999 SELECT weatherstation,hour,temperature FROM temperature WHERE weatherstation_id=‘10010:99999' AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1 AND hour >= 7 AND hour <= 10;
  • 28. Other New and Not-so-New-but-different things
  • 29. Collections Set tags set<varchar> CQL Type: For Ordering Column Name CREATE TABLE videos (
 videoid uuid,
 userid uuid,
 name varchar,
 description varchar,
 location text,
 location_type int,
 preview_thumbnails map<text,text>,
 tags set<varchar>,
 added_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (videoid)
 );
  • 30. Collections Set List Column Name Column Name CQL Type CREATE TABLE videos (
 videoid uuid,
 userid uuid,
 name varchar,
 description varchar,
 location text,
 location_type int,
 preview_thumbnails map<text,text>,
 tags set<varchar>,
 added_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (videoid)
 ); tags set<varchar> CQL Type: For Ordering tags set<varchar>
  • 31. Collections Set List Map preview_thumbnails map<text,text> Column Name Column Name CQL Key Type CQL Value Type Column Name CREATE TABLE videos (
 videoid uuid,
 userid uuid,
 name varchar,
 description varchar,
 location text,
 location_type int,
 preview_thumbnails map<text,text>,
 tags set<varchar>,
 added_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (videoid)
 ); CQL Type tags set<varchar> tags set<varchar> CQL Type: For Ordering
  • 32. Aggregates (Sort of) *As of Cassandra 2.2 •Built-in: avg, min, max, count(<column name>) •Runs on server •Always use with partition key
  • 33. User Defined Functions CREATE FUNCTION maxI(current int, candidate int)
 CALLED ON NULL INPUT
 RETURNS int LANGUAGE java AS
 'if (current == null) return candidate; else return Math.max(current, candidate);' ;
 
 CREATE AGGREGATE maxAgg(int)
 SFUNC maxI
 STYPE int
 INITCOND null; CQL Type Pure Function SELECT maxAgg(temperature)
 FROM raw_weather_data
 WHERE wsid='10010:99999' 
 AND year = 2005 AND month = 12 AND day = 1 Aggregate using function over partition
  • 34. Lightweight Transactions Don’t overwrite! INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description, location, location_type, preview_thumbnails, tags, added_date, metadata)
 VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.', 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 
 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling','http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g',1,
 {'YouTube':'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g'},{'cassandra','data model','relational','instruction'},
 '2013-05-02 12:30:29’) IF NOT EXISTS;
  • 35. Lightweight Transactions No-op. Don’t throw error CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS videos_by_tag (
 tag text,
 videoid uuid,
 added_date timestamp,
 name text,
 preview_image_location text,
 tagged_date timestamp,
 PRIMARY KEY (tag, videoid)
 );
  • 36. Regular Update UPDATE videos
 SET name = 'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.'
 WHERE id = 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed; Table Name Fields to Update: Not in Primary Key Primary Key
  • 37. Lightweight Transactions Don’t overwrite! UPDATE videos
 SET name = 'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.'
 WHERE id = 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed IF userid = 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678;
  • 39. Delete DELETE FROM videos
 WHERE id = 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed; Table Name Primary Key: Required
  • 40. Expiring Data Time To Live = TTL INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description, location, location_type, preview_thumbnails, tags, added_date, metadata)
 VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.', 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 
 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling','http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g',1,
 {'YouTube':'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g'},{'cassandra','data model','relational','instruction'},
 '2013-05-02 12:30:29’) USING TTL = 2592000 Expire Data: 30 Days
  • 42. Oracle to Cassandra Core Concepts Guide Pt. 3 Tired of timeouts? Cursing your cursors? Join the distributed revolution and bring your dev team into application nirvana. You won’t believe how easy it is to be code complete on your next big project. We will show you how to lead your devs away from the clutches of the DBA and be in control of their own data destiny. Discover the methodology that will make your Cassandra project epic. Stay tuned!
  • 43. RachelP50 or PatrickM50- 50% off Priority Pass RachelPCert or PatrickMCert- 25% Certification