ORCID: Persistent Identifiers for Researchers and Contributors
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This document summarizes Laurel Haak's presentation on ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) at the CAUL/ANDS Roundtable in Canberra on July 29, 2014. ORCID aims to solve the problem of name ambiguity and lack of unique identifiers for researchers by providing a free, global registry of unique identifiers for individuals. Over 800,000 identifiers have been issued since 2012. ORCID works with various stakeholders like publishers, funders, and universities to integrate ORCID IDs and enable interoperability between systems through its APIs. The presentation provides examples of how various organizations are integrating ORCID into their workflows and systems.
![29 July 2014 orcid.org
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Case Study: Research Reporting
Process of ORCID assignment/linking for Oxford authors
User logs in via SSO
request new ORCID/link
existing ORCID button
ORCID associated with
person in CUD
a) New ORCID: Create ORCID
b) Existing ORCID: Sign in to
ORCID [validation]
Person associated with ORCID
ORCID iD
• First/Last Name
• email
• University of
Oxford ID](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/orcidanu20140729-140809091548-phpapp01/85/ORCID-Persistent-Identifiers-for-Researchers-and-Contributors-41-320.jpg)
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- 1. orcid.org Contact Info: p. +1-301-922-9062 a. 10411 Motor City Drive, Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA ORCID: Persistent Identifiers for Researchers and Contributors CAUL/ANDS Roundtable, Canberra 29 July 2014 Laurel L. Haak, PhD Executive Director, ORCID [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-3700
- 2. Name Ambiguity Is a Problem J. Å. S. Sørensen J.Aa. S. Sørensen J. Åge S. Sørensen J.Aage S. Sørensen J. Åge Smærup Sørensen J.Aage Smaerup Sørensen http://ands.org.au/newsletters/share_issue18.pdf
- 3. One researcher may have many profiles and identifiers 3
- 4. What are name identifiers? • Numeric or alpha-numeric persistent designations associated with a single entity • Entities can be an institution, person, or piece of content
- 5. …and what do identifiers do, exactly? Disambiguate and enforce uniqueness Enable linking and data integration In other words, persistent identifiers provide a simple basis for data governance
- 6. 6 Other Person Identifiers Funders Higher Education and Employers Professional Associations Repositories Publishers ORCID is a hub The ORCID identifier connects researchers with their works, organizations, and their other person identifiers. ORCID APIs enable data exchange between research information systems. ISNI Researcher ID Scopus Author ID Internal identifiers FundRef GrantID ISNI Ringgold ID Member ID Abstract ID DOI ISBN Thesis ID DOI
- 7. v ORCID provides a free, non-proprietary registry of persistent unique identifiers for researchers, scholars, and analysts v ORCID iDs are embedded in research systems and ORCID provides APIs that enable the interoperable exchange of information between systems v ORCID code is open source and we support community efforts to develop tools and services v ORCID iDs link to other research information identifiers v ORCID is an independent non-profit organization supported by member fees ORCID 29 July 2014 orcid.org 7 v ORCID record data marked public by researchers is published annually
- 8. v Data Governance: ORCID is committed to maintaining persistence of the ORCID identifier Registry and data in its charge. v Organization Governance: ORCID is governed by an elected Board of Directors, majority non-profit, drawn from and representative of ORCID member organizations. Governance documents are posted online. v In addition to the Board of Directors, ORCID has Steering and Working Groups and an Ambassador program open to the research community. v Staff: ORCID operations are managed by a full time staff. ORCID Governance 29 July 2014 orcid.org 8
- 9. Adoption and Integration 29 July 2014 orcid.org 9 ORCID has issued over 800,000 iDs since our launch in October 2012. Integration and use is international. EMEA 35% Americas 50% AsiaPac 15% Over 140 members, from every sector of the international research community - 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Creator Website Trusted Party Publishing 25% Universities & Research Orgs 45% Funders 7% Associations 12% Repositories & Profile Sys 11%
- 10. Broad international usage • 55 countries >10,000 unique visitors • 97 countries >1,000 unique visitors • Registry supports multiple character sets • Content in Spanish, French, English, Chinese, and Korean, and adding Portuguese, Japanese, and Russian in 2014 29 July 2014 10orcid.org Country Sessions % US 715717 16.1% China 432621 9.7% India 258187 5.8% UK 243375 5.5% Portugal 220325 5.0% Spain 201182 4.5% Italy 152584 3.4% Brazil 152531 3.4% Germany 147142 3.3% Japan 127571 2.9% Australia 111425 2.5% France 108744 2.4% Canada 94576 2.1% Iran 89571 2.0% South Korea 84402 1.9% Russia 80004 1.8% Vietnam 73145 1.6% Turkey 73038 1.6% Taiwan 60223 1.4% Malaysia 58896 1.3% Sweden 56948 1.3% Netherlands 55613 1.3% Egypt 47051 1.1% Poland 41898 0.9% Mexico 38850 0.9% Switzerland 38739 0.9% Belgium 28581 0.6% Saudi Arabia 27995 0.6% Ukraine 27922 0.6% Greece 27096 0.6%
- 11. Australia 29 July 2014 11orcid.org • Site Usage: Over 110,000 unique visits to the ORCID Website from Australia, 2.5% of total site traffic • ORCID Members: Charles Darwin University, University of New South Wales, University of Queensland and University of Sydney
- 12. Standard: One organization joins. Option for basic or premium benefit levels. Discount for non-profits. Local consortium: One lead organization coordinates membership and technical implementation with group participants. Fee based on number of organizations in the group and benefit level. Discount for groups of 5 or more. National consortium: One lead organization coordinates membership and technical implementation for group participants. Sliding fee based on national GDP. How to join http://orcid.org/about/membership
- 13. Guess what? There are ambiguity issues with content and organizations, too. A rose by any other name... 29 July 2014 orcid.org 13
- 14. Wellcome Trust OA Study “No naming authority was imposed on the file, so entities have a variety of names. For instance, the American Chemical Society is referred to in a number of ways — ACS,ACS Publications,American Chemical Society, and The American Chemical Society, among others. PLOS ONE is listed in a similar variety of ways, as are most of the publishers and journals with multiple entries…..By allowing authors to freestyle the name of the payee, we are creating a very loose data source for analysis.” http://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2014/03/21/wellcome-money-in-this-example-of-open-access-funding-the- matthew-effect-dominates/
- 15. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 15 Interoperability v ORCID works collaboratively with the research community on development and adoption of research information exchange standards
- 16. Link to works 29 July 2014 orcid.org 16 Link to existing works through (a) self-claim search wizards and (b) embedding in new works (and link back to ORCID) via integration by publishers in manuscript submission systems.
- 17. Leveraging FundRef 29 July 2014 orcid.org 17 Classifications & metadata fields consistent w/CASRAI Link to existing funding Funding organization list coordinated with FundRef Embed during grant application workflow
- 18. Leveraging Ringgold and ISNI 29 July 2014 orcid.org 18 Organization list from è Ringgold (an ISNI Registrar)
- 19. Interoperability with ISNI • 3-part technical implementation plan 29 July 2014 orcid.org 19 • link ISNI person IDs with ORCID records (October 2013) • create tools to harvest document metadata from relevant databases (ISBN, October 2013) • link ORCID iDs with ISNI records, and test the feasibility of allowing review and validation of ISNI records (planned). • May be relevant approach for linking between ORCID and NLA
- 20. Who is Integrating and How? 20 • Publishers • Research Funders • Professional Associations • Universities and Research Orgs • Repositories, CRIS, Metrics Sites For a list of organizations and integrations see http://orcid.org/organizations/integrators
- 21. http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/di_researchmanagement/researchinformation/orcid.aspx http://openaccess.blogg.kb.se/2013/01/30/slutrapport-fran-projekt-forfattarindentifikatorer/ National discussions 29 July 2014 orcid.org 21 bit.ly/1abIOyG
- 22. Publishing 29 July 2014 orcid.org 22
- 23. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 23 Acknowledge Reviewers
- 24. 24 “Where possible, it is also recommended that contributors be uniquely identifiable, and data uniquely attributable, through identifiers which are persistent, non-proprietary, open and interoperable (e.g. through leveraging existing sustainable initiatives such as ORCID for contributor identifiers and DataCite for data identifiers).” European Commission H2020 Grantee Guidelines http://biomedicalresearchworkforce.nih.gov/tracking-system.htm#d Funding Policy
- 25. Case Study: Grant Applications Add your ORCID identifier during the grant application process Wellcome Trust has integrated ORCID iDs into its eGrants application system.
- 26. Case Study:Autism Speaks 29 July 2014 orcid.org 26 Autism Speaks using ORCID broadly, from pre-award to post-award and in linkages and information exchange with other funders and publishers.
- 27. Case Study: FCT 29 July 2014 orcid.org 27 12/2/13, 1866 12/2/13, 12010 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Feb-14 iDs created with .pt email domain Weekly total Running total FCT requires grantees to register for ORCID iD and link to organization and works Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) is using ORCID as a component of a nation- wide CRIS eco-system, enabling interoperability among multiple research systems including the RCAAP national Open Access repository, the DeGóis CV system, and the Authenticus indexed publications repository
- 28. “AGU is implementing ORCIDs in our member records, editorial databases, and papers. Having the ability to uniquely identify scientists helps the society, editors, authors, and members in many ways, from improving efficiency to providing services and support.” Brooks Hanson, Director of Publications, American Geophysical Union http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-7145 29 July 2014 orcid.org 28 Professional Associations http://www.slideshare.net/ORCIDSlides/20131029-mcentee
- 29. “We want to use ORCIDs to simplify the life of Oxford’s researchers for working with institutional systems and publishers’ systems by re-using already available information for publication data management and reporting. The motto is: Input once – re-use often.” Wolfram Horstmann,Assoc. Director, Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8673-6104 29 July 2014 orcid.org 29 Universities
- 30. How are Universities Integrating? 30 For more on university integrators see http://orcid.org/organizations/researchorganizations • Get an ORCID iD and insert it in LDAP system, CRIS, dissertation thesis, or directory • Get Data from an ORCID Record and export into a CRIS or update a repository • Enable import of CRIS data into an ORCID Record • Link to identifiers in your system • Create an iD for your faculty, staff, and students and pre-populate with affiliation and works information
- 31. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 31 University Workflows • Jisc and ARMA ORCID pilot program for UK Higher Education Institutions. • Alfred P. Sloan Foundation award supports ORCID implementation by US universities and professional associations. Prototypes showcased at ORCID Outreach meeting, May 2014.
- 32. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 32 Integration Process • Planning Guide: http://support.orcid.org/knowledgebase/articles/321374- timeline-for-creating-orcid-ids-via-the-api • API Overview: http://support.orcid.org/knowledgebase/articles/180285- introduction-to-the-orcid-api Technically, integrating ORCID involves adding <person ID> and <source> fields to data models, mapping to ORCID API, and implementing OAuth and RESTful calls. Socially, it is critical that researchers are engaged in the process.
- 33. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 33 Case Study: Create/Connect
- 34. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 34 Case Study: Create/Connect http://www.slideshare.net/ORCIDSlides/orcid-intgration-risuandersson
- 35. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 35 Case Study: Record Creation http://www.slideshare.net/ORCIDSlides/johnson-cu-boulderorcidoutreachmeetingslides Current status: 3212 records created on 15 July, 2014
- 36. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 36 Case Study: UC Boulder cont’d http://www.slideshare.net/ORCIDSlides/johnson-cu-boulderorcidoutreachmeetingslides
- 37. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 37 Case Study: Access Management • IAM options under discussion: • ORCID field is added to LDAP; hyperlinked to orcid.org • Sponsored program grants system requirement • Michigan Experts Researcher Profiles • UM Research Data Repository • Medical school CV system http://www.slideshare.net/ORCIDSlides/ westbrooksorcid-140520185706phpapp01 • Supporting $1.3 billion research enterprise • 2 campuses: separate IT departments, administrations, and cultures • Library managing project, with Campus IT (ITS) – core partner for integrating ORCIDS in institutional access managemet (IAM)
- 38. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 38 Case Study: Theses In February 2014,Texas A&M University (TAMU) minted ORCIDs for ~10K graduate students.They are on the front line of developments to use persistent identifiers to link students, theses, and educational organizations. The TAMU effort is being led by the library, in coordination with other campus offices and divisions, including the Provost’s office and Graduate School. One component of their effort has been development of Library Guides to provide context for the TAMU rollout of ORCID.
- 39. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 39 Case Study: Theses http://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/151981/ORCIDopoly%20TAMU%20Poster.pdf?sequence=1
- 40. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 40 Case Study: Research Reporting http://www.slideshare.net/ ORCIDSlides/orcid- outreach-27-52014-s-rumsey4-3 ORCID at Oxford • Challenge of managing research outputs • > 5000 research active staff • > 5000 research students • Estimated 12,000 peer reviewed articles per annum • Highly devolved institution • Oxford Person Identifiers Group • Representatives from Bodleian Libraries; IT Services; Research Services; Legal Services; Student Administration; OUP. Project endorsed by the Research Information Management Sub-Committee of the Research Committee • Part of Jisc-ARMA ORCID Pilot • Oxford approach is a lightweight model that supports control and ownership of personal information by researchers
- 41. 29 July 2014 orcid.org 41 Case Study: Research Reporting Process of ORCID assignment/linking for Oxford authors User logs in via SSO request new ORCID/link existing ORCID button ORCID associated with person in CUD a) New ORCID: Create ORCID b) Existing ORCID: Sign in to ORCID [validation] Person associated with ORCID ORCID iD • First/Last Name • email • University of Oxford ID
- 42. Support by CRIS systems 29 July 2014 orcid.org 42 ORCIDwVIVO Integration Cornell University has integratedVIVO with ORCID in a way that works for and can be used in otherVIVO instances to link VIVO iD with ORCID identifier. Available in VIVO 1.7 in July 2014 and on github ORCID Java library. In Pure, Authors can now include their ORCID iD when creating reference data. If they choose to import publication records from Scopus into PURE, the ORCID UI can be used to make an accurate association between the imported record and speciCic institutional authors. ..,also support for ORCID in Profiles, PeopleSoft, and Cilea
- 43. Repository Integration • DataCite • DSpace (UMissouri) • ePrints (UBern) • EThOS (British Library) • HUBzero (U Notre Dame) • Hydra/Fedora (Purdue) • InSPIRE (CERN) • Vireo (Texas A&M) • Reactome More at http://orcid.org/blog/2014/03/10/orcid- repositories-and-researchers 43
- 44. 4429 July 2014 orcid.org Thank you!