Origin & fundamental beliefs of islam

Origin & fundamental beliefs of islam

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  Origin & Fundamental Beliefs ofIslam 6-3.4: EXPLAIN THE ORIGINS AND FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS OF ISLAM AND THE GEOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ITS EXPANSION
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  • The Islamic civilization originated withthe nomadic traders who lived and traveled throughout the Arabian Peninsula in the early 7th century A.D.
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  Foundation of theIslamic Religion • Islamic civilization is based on the principles of the religion of Islam –They believed that these principles were revealed to the prophet Mohammad & he wrote them down in Islam’s holy book, the Qur’an (Koran)
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  Principles of Islam •It is a monotheistic religion • It sees itself as a fulfillment of God’s (Allah’s) revelation of man • Allah speaks through prophets; Mohammad is the final and greatest of these prophets, but is not a god and should not be worshipped • Recognizes Abraham, Moses, & Jesus as prophets • Islam teaches that Allah is just and rewards man according to his deeds • The Qur'an hold all of Islam’s sacred writings
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  The Five Pillarsof Islam Faith • Shahadah: Belief in one god, Allah, and Mohammad is his prophet Prayer • Salaah: Obligated to pray 5 times a day facing Mecca- the Holy Land
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  The Five Pillarsof Islam Pilgrimage • Hajj: Make at least one pilgrimage to Mecca if economically and physically possible Fasting • Sawm: During the holy month of Ramadan (the 9th month of the Islamic calendar, the month Mohammad received the Qur'an from Allah
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  The Five Pillarsof Islam Alms • Donate regularly to charity through zakat, a 2.5% charity tax, & through additional donations to the needy • Believers in Islam as called Muslims • They accept the teaching of the Qur’an in every aspect of life • There is no separation of church & state • Their temple is called a Mosque
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  The Role ofMohammad • In 622, he founded the Islamic state in Medina in western Saudi Arabia, of Mecca (Mohammad’s tomb) • He was the religious and political leader of this state • There he shared his teachings and beliefs • After his death, his successor was called the caliph
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  • Two major denominationsbegan in Medina: The Sunni and Shi’a (Shiite)
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  Spread of Islam •Within 100 years of Mohammad’s death, Muslim’s conquered the Middle East, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, and northern Africa • They made Islam the religion of the region • Later, Islam spread through normal trade across the Indian Ocean, Central Asia, West Africa • Armed conquests through the Balkans and the Iberian Peninsula spread Islam to parts of Europe