![Scientific and Medical publication (STM)[+]
• World Citizens pay $400,000,000,000…
• … for research in 1,500,000 articles …
• … cost $300,000 each to create …
• … $7000 each to “publish” [*]…
• … $10,000,000,000 from academic libraries …
• … to “publishers” who forbid access to 99.9% of
citizens of the world …
[+] Figures probably +- 50 %
[*] arXiV preprint server costs $7 USD per paper](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/osbrazil-140822080414-phpapp02/85/Open-data-and-Open-Science-6-320.jpg)
![Bad publication wastes science
…three problems—flawed design, non-publication,
and poor reporting—together
meant >85% of research funds were wasted, a
global total loss >100 billion USD per year. [Lancet
2009http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet /article/PIIS0140-6736%2809%2960329-
9/fu lltext.]
[Even more] waste clearly occurs after
publication: from poor access, poor
dissemination, and poor uptake of the findings
of research.
[PLOS Medicine 2014-05-27 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001651]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/osbrazil-140822080414-phpapp02/85/Open-data-and-Open-Science-8-320.jpg)
![Elsevier wants to control Open Data
ViceChancellor Cambridge
[asked by Michelle Brook]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/osbrazil-140822080414-phpapp02/85/Open-data-and-Open-Science-20-320.jpg)
![Licences destroy Content Mining
WE WALKED OUT
• Brit Library
• JISC
• RLUK
• OKFN
• …
• Ross Mounce
• PM-R
STM Publishers Licence
2012_03_15_Sample_Licence_Text_Data_Mining.pdf
(Summary: PMR has NO rights)
• [cannot publish to: ] “libraries, repositories, or archives”
• [cannot] “Make the results of any TDM Output available on an externally facing server or
website”
• “Subscriber shall pay a […] fee”
Heather Piwowar: “negotiating with publishers [made me physically ill]”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/osbrazil-140822080414-phpapp02/85/Open-data-and-Open-Science-21-320.jpg)
![Open notebook science is the practice of
making the entire primary record of a research
project publicly available online as it is
recorded. (WP)
Jean-Claude Bradley was a chemist who
actively promoted Open Science in
chemistry,… He coined the term Open
Notebook Science. … A memorial
symposium was held July 14, 2014 at
Cambridge University, UK.[9]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/osbrazil-140822080414-phpapp02/85/Open-data-and-Open-Science-27-320.jpg)
![http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read
… an unprecedented public good. …
… completely free and unrestricted access to [peer-reviewed
literature] by all scientists, scholars, teachers,
students, and other curious minds. …
…Removing access barriers to this literature will
accelerate research, enrich education, share the
learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with
the rich, make this literature as useful as it can be, and
lay the foundation for uniting humanity in a common
intellectual conversation and quest for knowledge.
(Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2003)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/osbrazil-140822080414-phpapp02/85/Open-data-and-Open-Science-44-320.jpg)
Open data and Open Science
- 1. Open Data Open Notebook Science Peter Murray-Rust, Open Science, Rio, BR, 2014-08-22
- 2. Retrieved 2014-08-08 Lancet 2011 31 USD For 1 day PMR: Closed Access Means People Die
- 3. Overview • Most scientific data is lost; costs many billions… • … AND LIVES. • Human problem; lack of vision + active opposition. • Born-open data and Open Notebook Science • Jean-Claude Bradley • Panton Principles and Fellows (OKFN) • Digital Enlightenment or Digital Darkness?
- 4. Reasons for Open Data/Science • Moral: Closed can be unjust • Ethical: Community norms expect it • Utilitarian: Greater communal good f • Personal: Greater personal benefit
- 5. RCUK Wellcome ERC NSF FWF… require fully OPEN [at Research Data Alliance, we are entering a new “era of open science”, which will be “good for citizens, good for scientists and good for society”. She explicitly highlighted the transformative potential of open access, open data, open software and open educational resources – mentioning the EU’s policy requiring open access to all publications and data resulting from EU funded research. http://blog.okfn.org/2013/03/21/we-are-entering-an-era-of-open-science-says-eu-vp-neelie-kroes/# sthash.3SWDXDE6.dpuf
- 6. Scientific and Medical publication (STM)[+] • World Citizens pay $400,000,000,000… • … for research in 1,500,000 articles … • … cost $300,000 each to create … • … $7000 each to “publish” [*]… • … $10,000,000,000 from academic libraries … • … to “publishers” who forbid access to 99.9% of citizens of the world … [+] Figures probably +- 50 % [*] arXiV preprint server costs $7 USD per paper
- 7. US Taxpayers spend 139 Billion USD / yr on Scientific Research 4 Billion USD on human genome yielded 800 Billion USD and 4 M job-years
- 8. Bad publication wastes science …three problems—flawed design, non-publication, and poor reporting—together meant >85% of research funds were wasted, a global total loss >100 billion USD per year. [Lancet 2009http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet /article/PIIS0140-6736%2809%2960329- 9/fu lltext.] [Even more] waste clearly occurs after publication: from poor access, poor dissemination, and poor uptake of the findings of research. [PLOS Medicine 2014-05-27 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001651]
- 9. Authors don’t deposit data (Ross Mounce)
- 10. C) What’s the problem with this spectrum? Original thanks to ChemBark Org. Lett., 2011, 13 (15), pp 4084–4087
- 11. After AMI2 processing….. … AMI2 has detected a square
- 13. PM-R writes about how Open gave him 5 jobs August 2014 Marcus Hanwell http://opensource.com/tags/open-science Ross Mounce
- 14. Traditional Research and Publication “Lab” work paper/th esis Write rewrite Re-experiment process “belongs” to publisher publish ??? Validation?? DATA output “belongs” to publisher Walls of academia
- 15. Free/Open Software Development CODE REPOSITORY World community CODE validate rewrite CODE fork CODE Re-use CODE Re-use Github, BitBucket StackOverflow, Apache inspires OSI NO WALLS BORN-OPEN-SOURCE Example: ContentMine at http://github.com/ContentMine/quickscrape
- 16. BornOS commits in 4 hours
- 17. Continuous integration in PMR group does the code still work?
- 18. Open data
- 19. Restrictions on Re-use of Crystallographic data NOTE: The CCDC is based on data contributed by scientists as part of publication and validation
- 20. Elsevier wants to control Open Data ViceChancellor Cambridge [asked by Michelle Brook]
- 21. Licences destroy Content Mining WE WALKED OUT • Brit Library • JISC • RLUK • OKFN • … • Ross Mounce • PM-R STM Publishers Licence 2012_03_15_Sample_Licence_Text_Data_Mining.pdf (Summary: PMR has NO rights) • [cannot publish to: ] “libraries, repositories, or archives” • [cannot] “Make the results of any TDM Output available on an externally facing server or website” • “Subscriber shall pay a […] fee” Heather Piwowar: “negotiating with publishers [made me physically ill]”
- 22. Human Genome Project https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_Principles • Automatic release of sequence assemblies larger than 1 kb (preferably within 24 hours). • Immediate publication of finished annotated sequences. • Aim to make the entire sequence freely available in the public domain for both research and development in order to maximise benefits to society.
- 23. Panton Principles for Open Data in science(2010) • PUBLISH YOUR DATA OPENLY • …make an explicit and robust statement of your wishes. • Use a recognized waiver or license that is appropriate for data. • open as defined by the Open Knowledge/Data Definition (… NOT non-commercial) • Explicit dedication of data … into the public domain via PDDL or CCZero Peter Murray-Rust, Cameron Neylon, Rufus Pollock, John Wilbanks
- 24. Panton Authors and Fellows
- 27. Open notebook science is the practice of making the entire primary record of a research project publicly available online as it is recorded. (WP) Jean-Claude Bradley was a chemist who actively promoted Open Science in chemistry,… He coined the term Open Notebook Science. … A memorial symposium was held July 14, 2014 at Cambridge University, UK.[9]
- 29. Open Source software inspires Open Science Jean-Claude Bradley 2006
- 30. Open Notebook Science, ONS Jean-Claude Bradley 2006
- 34. Volunteer community in chemistry: Open Data/Source/Standards
- 35. Award of Blue Obelisk Jean-Claude Bradley Egon Willighagen
- 36. Realising OpenNotebookScience When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke's_three_laws Open Inspirations (some are zero budget) • Open Street Map • Journal Of Machine Learning Research • Blue Obelisk • arXiV • Protein Data Bank • Galaxy Zoo
- 37. Self-benefit drives Open • I put my data/papers in a repository because I HAVE TO • I commit my code to GitHub because I WANT TO: – It’s safe – It’s validated – I know it works – There are tools to search it – Other coders improve and add to it
- 39. The Polymath project Tim Gowers and the world http://polymathprojects.org/2013/11/04/polymath9-pnp/#comments http://gowers.wordpress.com/2013/11/03/dbd1-initial-post/
- 40. Open Notebook Science TOOLS Open engineered repository INSTRUMENT World community validate merge MODEL CODE DATA DATA knowledge calibrate Machines and humans Working together Problems are solved communally; Nothing is needlessly duplicated; “publication“ is continuous ; data are SEMANTIC
- 41. Sophie Kershaw, Panton Fellow
- 42. Open Notebook Science TOOLS Open engineered repository INSTRUMENT World community validate merge MODEL CODE DATA DATA knowledge calibrate Machines and humans Working together Problems are solved communally; Nothing is needlessly duplicated; “publication“ is continuous ; data are SEMANTIC
- 43. Benefits of OpenNotebookScience • Fraud is virtually impossible • Priority and credit are algorithmically established • It is difficult to be scooped… • Data and ideas cannot be lost • The world discovers you and you the world • Time to announcement is much advanced (?years) • The “publication process” is vastly less onerous • … but others may use your work in other ways
- 44. http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read … an unprecedented public good. … … completely free and unrestricted access to [peer-reviewed literature] by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious minds. … …Removing access barriers to this literature will accelerate research, enrich education, share the learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with the rich, make this literature as useful as it can be, and lay the foundation for uniting humanity in a common intellectual conversation and quest for knowledge. (Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2003)
- 45. Open Notebook Science TOOLS ONS repository World community INSTRUMENT validate merge MODEL CODE DATA DATA knowledge calibrate Machines and humans working together CC-BY Problems are solved communally; Nothing is needlessly duplicated; “publication“ is continuous and immediate
- 46. Traditional Research and Publication “Lab” work paper/th esis Write rewrite Re-experiment publish ??? Validation?? DATA output “belongs” to publisher Is there anything we can do with this?
- 47. Open Notebook Science TOOLS ONS repository World community INSTRUMENT validate merge MODEL CODE DATA DATA knowledge calibrate Machines and humans working together CC-BY/0 Problems are solved communally; Nothing is needlessly duplicated; “publication“ is continuous and immediate
Editor's Notes
- #11: ChemBark