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Osmoregulation (Urine Dilution & Concentration) - Dr. Gawad
The document discusses the physiology of osmoregulation and the mechanisms involved in urine dilution and concentration, focusing on the role of osmolality and specific gravity. It highlights how the body adjusts plasma osmolality through thirst stimulation and the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which facilitates water reabsorption in the kidneys. Additionally, it covers the significance of the renal medullary interstitium and the loop of Henle in maintaining concentration gradients for urine formation.
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Osmoregulation (Urine Dilution & Concentration) - Dr. Gawad
- 1. OSMOREGULATION URINE DILUTION & CONCETRATION MohammedAbdel Gawad Nephrology Specialist Kidney & Urology Center (KUC) - Alexandria [email protected] DNG Meeting – Mansoura – 20 June 2014 Nephrology – Back to Basics Series Physiology Concepts
- 2. It is thenumber of particles - osmoles (mmol) contained in 1 liter of water. (it is the concentration by number) Osmolality (mmol/L) 2
- 3. normally ranges between285 and 295 mmol/L Calculated Osmolality 3
- 4.
- 5. Specific gravity isthe mass of one milliliter of solution in grams. This gives an indication of both the number and weight of the particles in the urine. Osmolality vs Specific Gravity 5
- 6. M.Gawad www.nephrotubecne.com Goce Spasovskiet al, Nephrol Dial Transplant (2014) 29 (Suppl. 2): ii1–ii39 Normally: ICF Osmolality = ECF Osmolality Intracellular Extracellular Effect of Plasma Osmolality Changes on Cell Size
- 7. Intracellular Extracellular Intracellular swelling & edema H2O M.Gawadwww.nephrotubecne.com Goce Spasovski et al, Nephrol Dial Transplant (2014) 29 (Suppl. 2): ii1–ii39 Effect of Plasma Osmolality Changes on Cell Size Consequences of Low Plasma Osmolality
- 8. Intracellular Extracellular Intracellular Shrinkage M.Gawad www.nephrotubecne.com GoceSpasovski et al, Nephrol Dial Transplant (2014) 29 (Suppl. 2): ii1–ii39 Effect of Plasma Osmolality Changes on Cell Size Consequences of High Plasma Osmolality H2O
- 9. 9 Effect of PlasmaOsmolality Changes on Cell Size
- 10. A change inplasma osmolality of only 1% is detectable by the hypothalamus 10 Plasma Osmolality Monitoring General Concept
- 11. Mechanism of Changesin Plasma Osmolality General Concept 11
- 12. Mechanism of Changesin Plasma Osmolality General Concept 12
- 13. 13 How Body AdjustPlasma Osmolality? General Concept
- 14. 14 How Body AdjustPlasma Osmolality? General Concept
- 15. 15 How Body AdjustPlasma Hypo-Osmolality? (1) Suppress Thirst
- 16. 16 How Body AdjustPlasma Hypo-Osmolality? (2) Suppress ADH Secretion
- 17. 17 How Body AdjustPlasma Hyper-Osmolality? (1) Stimulate Thirst Thirst (causing the ingestion of water) is the most effective defense against increases in osmolality. This defense is so effective that, with ready access to water, alert people cannot develop significant increases in osmolality
- 18. 18 How Body AdjustPlasma Hyper-Osmolality? (2) Stimulate ADH Secretion
- 19. Anti Diuretic Hormone(ADH) 19
- 20. ADH – Stimulation 20 •Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
- 21.
- 22. ADH Formation, Storage &Release 22
- 23. ADH Formation, Storage &Release 23
- 24. 24 ADH Formation, Storage &Release Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
- 25. 25 ADH - Action Formationof concentrated urine Facultative water reabsorption
- 26. 26 ADH - Action Formationof concentrated urine Facultative water reabsorption
- 27. 27 ADH - Action Formationof concentrated urine Facultative water reabsorption
- 28. 28 ADH - Action Forcompleted action of ADH, we need Concentrated Medullary Interstitium
- 29. 29 Concentrated Medullary Interstitium Therenal medullary interstitium surrounding the collecting ducts is normally hyperosmotic
- 30. 30 Loop of Henle (Countercurrent Multiplier) VasaRecta (Countercurrent Exchange Mechanism) Concentrated Medullary Interstitium The renal medullary interstitium surrounding the collecting ducts is normally hyperosmotic
- 31. 31 65% 8-10% 25% Basics - TubularNa Handling Concentrated Medullary Interstitium
- 32. 32 65% by osmosis (obligatory reabsorption) 15-20% byosmosis (obligatory reabsorption) 15% Under effect of ADH (Facultative reabsorption) Basics - Tubular Water Handling Concentrated Medullary Interstitium
- 33. 33 Loop of Henle (Countercurrent Multiplier) VasaRecta (Countercurrent Exchange Mechanism) Concentrated Medullary Interstitium The renal medullary interstitium surrounding the collecting ducts is normally hyperosmotic
- 34. 34 Loop of Henle (Countercurrent Multiplier) VasaRecta (Countercurrent Exchange Mechanism) Concentrated Medullary Interstitium The renal medullary interstitium surrounding the collecting ducts is normally hyperosmotic To form a hyperosmolar medullary interstitium
- 35. Loop of Henle:Countercurrent Multiplication 35
- 36. Loop of Henle:Countercurrent Multiplication 36
- 37. 37 Loop of Henle (Countercurrent Multiplier) VasaRecta (Countercurrent Exchange Mechanism) Concentrated Medullary Interstitium The renal medullary interstitium surrounding the collecting ducts is normally hyperosmotic
- 38. 38 Loop of Henle (Countercurrent Multiplier) VasaRecta (Countercurrent Exchange Mechanism) Concentrated Medullary Interstitium The renal medullary interstitium surrounding the collecting ducts is normally hyperosmotic To preserve the hyperosmolar medullary interstitium
- 39.
- 40.
- 41. 41 ADH - Action Formationof concentrated urine Urea Reabsorption
- 42. 42 ADH - Action Formationof concentrated urine Urea Reabsorption
- 43.