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Our environment
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- 2. WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT?? • Nature, place, people, things, etc. that surround the living organisms make the environment. The environment can broadly be classified into the natural and human environment. It is a combination of both natural as well as man-made phenomena. • The natural environment comprises biotic (plants and animals) and abiotic-conditions(land, water, air, etc.), whereas the man- made phenomena comprise the activities and interactions among human beings (roads, bridges, etc.).
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- 4. BIOTIC AND ABIOTICCOMPONENTS • Biotic: It refers to the world of living organisms, such as plants and animals. • Abiotic: It refers to the world of non-living elements such as land.
- 5. ELEMENTS OF NATURALENVIRONMENT • There are four elements of natural environment i. Lithosphere ii. Hydrosphere iii. Atmosphere iv. Biosphere
- 6. LITHOSPHERE • It ismade up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. It is an irregular surface with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc. Landforms are found over the continents and also on the ocean floors. Lithosphere is the domain that provides us forests, grasslands for grazing, land for agriculture and human settlements. It is also a source of mineral wealth.
- 7. HYDROSPHERE The domain ofwater is referred to as hydrosphere. It comprises various sources of water and different types of water bodies like rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, etc. It is essential for all living organisms.
- 8. ATMOSPHERE • The atmosphereis the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth. The gravitational force of the earth holds the atmosphere around it. It protects us Word Origin Environment: French word Environer/ Environner meaning “neighbourhood”. 2018-19 4 OUR ENVIRONMENT Glossary Fig. 1.3: A Pond Ecosystem from the harmful rays and scorching heat of the sun. It consists of a number of gases, dust and water vapour. The changes in the atmosphere produce changes in the weather and climate.
- 9. BIOSPHERE • Biosphere orthe living world is comprised of plant and animal life. It is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life.
- 10. HUMAN ENVIORNMENT • Humanbeings interact with the environment and modify it according to their needs. • Early humans adapted themselves to their natural surroundings. • With time, humans learnt to grow new things, domesticate animals and lead a settled life. • The industrial revolution, transportation and information revolution made communication easier and speedy across the world. • Man is destroying the environment through deforestation, industrialisation, etc. Barter system: A trade in which goods are exchanged without the use of money.
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