Over view on classification of lipids

OVER VIEW ON CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

Lipids classification
Lipids are molecules that contain
hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks
of the structure and functions of living cells.

Simple lipids:
A simple lipid is a fatty acid ester of
different alcohols and carries no other substance
.Eg;Fats, oil and waxes
• Saturated fats.
• Trans fats.
• Monounsaturated fats.
• Polyunsaturated fats.

• In other terms they can be sorted out as true
fats
• They can act as insulator
• And they provide protection by depositing
under the organs
• They were also the preserved form of energy

Waxes
Waxes are a diverse class of organic
compounds that are lipophilic, malleable
solids near ambient temperatures.

• Waxes are the esters of fatty acids and alcohol
other than glycerol
• Plant waxes-Aquatic animals
• Cutin-cuticle of hydrophiles
• Beewax-honey bee wax
• Ear wax-cerimen or ceruminuous gland of ear
• Sebum - sebaceous gland
• Wool wax- lanolin -sheep

Conjugated lipids
(Simple lipid+Non-lipid part)
Compound lipids
They are the esters of fatty
acids and alcohols containing additional
groups. They are also called as “heterolipids.”
Like, they may combine with additional
compounds like Phosphorous, Carbohydrates,
and Sulfur groups.

Phospholipds Structure
Present in plasma membrane
Fatty acid + Phosphate group

Glycolipids Structure
• The basic structure of a glycolipid consists of a mono-
or oligosaccharide group attached to a sphingolipid or
a glycerol group (can be acetylated or alkylated) with
one or two fatty acids. ... Synthesis
of glycolipids proceed by a series of enzymes that
sequentially add sugars to the lipid.
• That are generally found on the extracellular face of
eukaryotic cellular membranes, and function to
maintain stability of the membrane and to facilitate
cell–cell interactions. Glycolipids can also act as
receptors for viruses and other pathogens to enter
cells.
Carbs+lipids
Present in the extracellular surfaces of eukaryotic cells

Sulfolipds
• Sulfolipids are a class of lipids which possess a
sulfur-containing functional group.

Lipoproteins
• Lipo proteins are class where the lipid and
protein are conjugated together and performs
function
• Sphingolipids consists the sphingoid bases
• They were discovered in brain extracts in the
1870s and were named after the mythological
sphinx because of their enigmatic nature.

Derived lipids
• Derived lipids: Hydrolysis product of simple
and compound lipids is called derived lipids.
They include fatty acid, glycerol, sphingosine
and steroid derivatives. Steroid derivatives are
phenanthrene structures that are quite
different from lipids made up of fatty acids.

Terpenoids
• The terpenoids, sometimes
called isoprenoids, are a large and diverse
class of naturally occurring organic
chemicals derived from the 5-carbon
compound isoprene, and the isoprene
polymers called terpenes. Most are multicyclic
structures with oxygen-containing functional
groups.And in which the can be classified as
mono - methanol, di - Retinol, sesqui -
zingiberene, tetra- β-carotene.

Alcohols
• The alcohols are obtained from the
triglycerides (fatty acid triesters), which form
the bulk of the oil. The process involves the
transesterification of the triglycerides to give
methyl esters which are then hydrogenated to
give the fatty alcohols.

Carotenoids
• Carotenoids are pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic
bacteria. These pigments produce the bright yellow, red, and
orange colors in plants, vegetables, and fruits. Carotenoids act as a
type of antioxidant for humans. There are more than 600 different
types of carotenoids.
• alpha carotene.
• beta carotene.
• beta cryptoxanthin.
• lutein.
• zeaxanthin.
• lycopene.

Sterols -Steroids
• The sterolos can also be classified based on
the ORIGIN
• Phytosterol
• Fungal Sterol
• Animal Sterol

Phytosterols
• Phytosterols, or plant sterols, are a family of
molecules related to cholesterol. They are
found in the cell membranes of plants, where
they play important roles — just like
cholesterol in humans. The most
common phytosterols in your diet are
campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol.

Animal Sterol
• Animal Sterol-Wisely known as Choloesterol
Which acts as the reserved form energy source
in animals during the hibernation.
• And Steroid hormones like progesterone and
testosterone, Adrenaline are kinda of a animal
sterol.

Fatty acids
• Fatty acids: Molecules that are long chains of
lipid-carboxylic acid found in fats and oils and
in cell membranes as a component of
phospholipids and glycolipids in short.
• Where the LINOLEIC ACID can be converted to
Arachidonic acid
The fatty acids can be described as Saturated
( single bond) and Unsaturated fatty acids
(double or triple bonds), based on their bonds

Over view on classification of lipids

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Over view on classification of lipids