Overview of the 4th Edition of the European Code Against Cancer | Prof Annie Anderson

Overview of the 4th Edition of the European Code Against Cancer | Prof Annie Anderson

• 1.
  Overview of the4th edition of the European Code Against Cancer Professor Annie S. Anderson Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening Ninewells Medical School, University of Dundee  [email protected]
• 2.
  Rationale  At least1/3 of all cancers are preventable  Mortality can be further reduced by early detection (screening)  2.7 million people were diagnosed with cancer in the EU28 in 2012  25% expected increase in EU until 2030 (to 3.3 million cases)  Second most common cause of death (after cardiovascular disease)  Cancer mortality accounts for nearly 20% of all deaths in EU28
• 3.
  WHAT? • A keyprevention tool to reduce cancer risk, and to improve health in general • Concrete, science-based guidelines • At least 1/3 of cancers are preventable WHY? • Science is dynamic • Improvement in communication • 13 new Member States in the EU since 3rd revision (in 2003) HOW? • Update of the Code (recent scientific data) 1) Confirm existing recommendations 2) Potential additional recommedations 3) Interventions proven to be successful, assessed by scientific evidence WHO? • Supported by the European Commission • Led by the IARC • Actors 1) Scientific Secretariat (IARC) 2) Scientific Committee (external experts from the EU) 3) Expert working groups
• 4.
  Update  Update ofscientific evidence  Focus on target group (European individual)  Explanations and additional guidance as public health messages  Recommendations on how to implement individual interventions
• 5.
  Added Value The Codedoes not aim to replace existing efforts to promote cancer prevention. It aims to strengthen cancer prevention by:  Encouraging the general public to react more positively when receiving similar messages  Focusing on the key prevention messages relevant to most people
• 6.
  Methods: Target Group  Generalpopulation  Relevant cancer burden  Not targeted at only high risk group
• 7.
  Methods: Communication  Recommendation canbe communicated in a straightforward way  No difficult decisions involved (weighing risks and benefits)  Actions the individuals can take themselves  Expert Working Group on communication of health messages
• 8.
  What can Ido to reduce my risk of cancer? EUROPEAN CODE AGAINST CANCER Target group
• 9.
  New Structure Code Questions & AnswersScience base
• 10.
  http://cancer-code-europe.iarc.fr
• 11.
  A) Certain cancersmay be avoided – and health in general can be improved – by adopting healthier lifestyle: 1) Do not smoke; if you smoke, stop doing so. If you fail to stop, do not smoke in the presence of non-smokers. 2) Avoid obesity. 3) Undertake some brisk, physical activity every day. 4) Increase your daily intake and variety of vegetables and fruits: eat at least five servings daily. Limit your intake of foods containing fats from animal sources. 5) If you drink alcohol, whether beer, wine or spirits, moderate your consumption to two drinks per day if you are a man and one drink per day if you are a woman. 6) Care must be taken to avoid excessive sun exposure. It is specifically important to protect children and adolescents. For individuals who have a tendency to burn in the sun active protective measures must be taken throughout life. 7) Apply strictly regulations aimed at preventing any exposure to known carcinogenic substances. Follow all health and safety instructions on substances which may cause cancer. Follow advice of national radiation protection offices. B) Cancers may be cured, or the prospects of cure greatly increased, if they are detected early: 8) Women from 25 years of age should participate in cervical screening. This should be within programmes with quality control procedures in compliance with European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Cervical Screening. 9) Women from 50 years of age should participate in breast screening. This should be within programmes with quality control procedures in compliance with European Union Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Mammography Screening. 10) Men and women from 50 years of age should participate in colorectal screening. This should be within programmes with built-in quality assurance procedures. 11) Participate in vaccination programmes against Hepatitis B Virus infection. European Code against Cancer 3rd Edition (2003)
• 13.
  Coordination Group: Scientific Secretariat: CarolinaEspina, Patricia Villain, Tracy Lignini Principal Investigators: Joachim Schüz, Lawrence von Karsa WG Communication Jane Wardle (Chair) WG Chairs Literature Group Silvia Minozzi (Chair) Editorial Board PI (Co-Chairs) advises & adopts edits European Code Against Cancer – Collaboration supports Scientific Committee Expert Groups: WG Radiation Joachim Schüz (Chair) WG Nutrition Isabelle Romieu (Co-Chair) Martin Wiseman (Co-Chair) WG Screening Nereo Segnan (Chair) WG Environment Joachim Schüz (Chair) WG Infections Rolando Herrero (Chair) WG Tobacco Maria Leon Roux (Chair) prepares
• 14.
  4th Edition ofthe European Code against Cancer 1 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk (1) Do not smoke. Do not use any form of tobacco. (2) Make your home smoke-free. Support smoke-free policies in your workplace. (3) Take action to be a healthy body weight.
• 15.
  4th Edition ofthe European Code against Cancer 1 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk (4) Be physically active in everyday life. Limit the time you spend sitting. (5) Have a healthy diet: • Eat plenty of whole grains, pulses, vegetables and fruits. • Limit high-calorie foods (foods high in sugar or fat) and avoid sugary drinks. • Avoid processed meat; limit red meat and foods high in salt.
• 16.
  4th Edition ofthe European Code against Cancer 1 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk (6) If you drink alcohol of any type, limit your intake. Not drinking alcohol is better for cancer prevention. (7) Avoid too much sun, especially for children. Use sun protection. Do not use sunbeds. (8) In the workplace, protect yourself against cancer- causing substances by following health and safety instructions.
• 17.
  4th Edition ofthe European Code against Cancer 1 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk (9) Find out if you are exposed to radiation from naturally high radon levels in your home. Take action to reduce high radon levels. (10) For women: • Breastfeeding reduces the mother’s cancer risk. If you can, breastfeed your baby. • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of certain cancers. Limit use of HRT.
• 18.
  (12) Take partin organised cancer screening programmes for: • Bowel cancer (men and women) • Breast cancer (women) • Cervical cancer (women). 4th Edition of the European Code against Cancer 1 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk (11) Ensure your children take part in vaccination programmes for: • Hepatitis B (for new-borns) • Human papillomavirus (HPV) (for girls).
• 20.
  Healthy diet • Cancersof upper aerodigestive tract, colorectum • Plant foods – dietary fibre (colonic flora/microbiome), micronutrients/phytochemicals (glucosinolates), energy density • High calorie foods/sugary drinks – energy balance, appetite regulation, sugar calories? • Meat – haem, curing/salt, nitrites
• 21.
  Alcohol • Cancers ofmouth, pharynx, larynx (nb smoking), colorectum (men v women), liver, breast • Ethanol as carcinogen (IARC) cf smoking • Metabolised to acetaldehyde (carcinogen) • Oestrogen, immunity • Direct irritation • Facilitate other carcinogens as solvent
• 22.
  Alcohol and breastcancer
• 23.
  Alcohol and breastcancer