Overview of XSL, XPath and XSL-FO

1. Overview of XSLT, XPATH, and XSL-FO(Beginner Level) Adena FrazerSuite Solutions

2. Overview of XSLMain TopicsWhat is XSL?

3. XPATH

4. XSL-FO

5. XSLT

6. XSL ResourcesWhat is XSL?XSL – Extensible Stylesheet Language

7. “A family of transformation languages which allows one to describe how files encoded in the XML standard are to be formatted or transformed” (Wikipedia).

8. Written in valid XML (Extensible Markup Language), which requires matching starting and ending tags around content. <xml>Sample</xml>Includes:XPATH -XML Path Language (not XML)XSL-FO - XSL Formatting Objects XSLT - XSL Transformations

10. XPATH

11. XSL-FO

12. XSLT

13. XSL ResourcesXPATHLanguage used to select information from an XML document Based on relationships between nodes (which include elements and attributes)Parents, Children, Siblings, Ancestors, DescendantsCan contain expressions, which calculate and compare values using operators.Operator Reference:http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/xpath_operators.aspCan contain built-in functionsFunction Reference: http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/xpath_functions.aspNodes can be referenced using full syntax or abbreviated syntax.

14. XPATH Syntax (Full)Axis – defines a nodeset relative to a current nodeFor more details and examples, see: http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/xpath_axes.aspXPATH Syntax (Abbreviated)

15. XPATH Examples (1)XPATH is used by XSLT to retrieve information from an XML documentVariable valuesTest conditionsTemplate matchesExample (from commons.xsl line 160):From a node that is the current node’s ancestorThis expression will be true if the condition inside of the parentheses is false [if no nodes match this description]Get any nodeWhose class attribute contains the text ‘ topic/topic ‘

16. XPATH Examples (2)Example (from code that checks if an item is last in a list):Evaluate to true if the preceding node count is zero; otherwise evaluate to falseGet any nodeCount how many nodes meet this criteria:From a node which is a sibling to the current node and comes after the current nodeExample (from commons.xsl line 67):From the first node the meets the preceding criteriaFrom a node that is the current node or the current node’s ancestorGet any nodeWhose class attribute contains the text ‘ topic/topic ‘Get the value of the id attribute

18. XPATH

19. XSL-FO

20. XSLT

21. XSL ResourcesXSL-FO OverviewA unified presentation language which stores both the content of the document and the document’s formatting information.Intended for documents with pages, as opposed to other languages such as HTMLGenerally used as the stage before PDF formatThe document is converted to PDF using a Formatting Object ProcessorThe FO Plug-in uses a .fo extension for XSL-FO FilesRequired components of an FO document:

22. XSL-FO:Document ComponentsRequired components of an FO document:XML DeclarationXSL-FO is a type of XMLRoot Node

23. Contains the whole document, including the Page Layout and Document Data sections

24. Declares the XSL-FO NamespaceXSL-FO:Document ComponentsPage LayoutDefines the properties of a page, including the size, margins and direction of the text flowThere can be many simple-page-masters - one for each type of page

25. XSL-FO:Document ComponentsDocument DataReferences a master-reference which is defined in the Page Layout sectionUses flows to define which part of the page should be usedLegal values: xsl-region-body, xsl-region-before, xsl-region-after, xsl-region-start, xsl-region-endContains the content of the page which is formatted using blocks and inline objects.

26. Margin TopRegion BeforeRegion BodyRegion StartRegion EndMargin RightMargin LeftRegion AfterMargin BottomXSL-FO Page LayoutPage Layout Diagram for a Left to Right and Top to Bottom Text Flow (defined by writing mode attribute)

27. Diagram is different for different text flows XSL-FO ElementsXSL-FO has many elements which are used to format the document. All elements should be preceded by the fo: prefix.These elements include:Table elements: table, table-body, table-cell table-row, table-and-caption, table-caption, table-footer, table-header, table-columnList elements – list-block, list-item, list-item-body, list-item-labelBlock elements: block, block-containerInline elements: inline, inline-containerPage-Number: represents the current page-numberLeader: repeats the specified characterFormatting Objects Reference: http://www.w3schools.com/xslfo/xslfo_reference.asp

28. XSL-FO AttributesEach element in XSL-FO has a corresponding set of attributesThese include:Widow and orphans: keep-with-next, keep-with-previous, keep-together, widows, orphansColors: background-color, colorFont size and style: font-family, font-weight, font-style, font-sizeBorders: border-after-color, border-after-style, border-after-width…Spacing: padding-after, padding-left, padding-right, margin-left, margin-right, margin-bottom, margin-top

30. XPATH

31. XSL-FO

32. XSLT

33. XSL ResourcesXSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations)Used to transform XML documents (such as DITA) into XML (such as XHTML, XSL-FO) or other documents (such as text).XSLTStylesheetXSLT Engine / Software / BrowserNew DocumentSource XML Document

34. XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations)XSLT style sheets- contain the formatting and logic of the document. The same style sheets can be reused with any content.Original XML document - contains the content.Style sheets can be applied to the content via:An XSLT compliant browser such as IE6+ Software such as Cooktop http://www.xmlcooktop.com/XSL files end with .xsl (or .xslt) extensionsMuch of the internal workings of the Toolkit and the Plug-in as well as Toolkit and Plug-in customizations are implemented using XSLT.

35. XSLT ElementsAttribute Sets, TemplatesThe main units of code that the FO Plug-in uses to process DITA are attribute sets and templates.Attribute Set - a unit of code that primarily stores information about how to formata DITA element.Example: an attribute set which relates to a <p> element may store information about which font, font size, and font weight should be used to display text surrounded by <p> tags.Template – a unit of code that primarily contains instructions about how to process the DITA. Example: a template which relates to a <p> element may contain instructions about when and where to display auto-generated text and what that text should be.

36. XSLT ElementsAttribute Sets, TemplatesAttribute – an XSLT element that corresponds to a single XSL-FO attribute. The name of the XSLT attribute corresponds to the XSL-FO attribute name, and the text surrounded by the XSLT attribute tags corresponds to the XSL-FO attribute value.Example (from commons-attr.xsl line 419):Attribute Set – contains a group of attributes.

37. Example (from commons-attr.xsl line 418):XSLT ElementsAttribute Sets, TemplatesTemplate –contains instructions about how to process the XML content defined by the template’s match attribute.Example (from commons.xsl line 1625):Matches XML elements whose class attribute contains the text ‘ topic/ph ‘

38. Puts the content of those elements inside of an XSL:FO <inline> tag

39. Identifies the attributes in the “ph” attribute set as attributes of the XSL-FO inline elementXSLT Elements:Attribute Sets, TemplatesExample

40. Original XML Content:

41. Code is processed using the template and attribute set from the previous slides

42. XSL-FO Output:Overview of XSLMain TopicsWhat is XSL?

43. XPATH

44. XSL-FO

45. XSLT

46. XSL ResourcesXSL Resources (1)Email ListsMulberry Technologies XSL Email Listhttp://www.mulberrytech.com/xsl/xsl-list/subscribe-unsubscribe.htmlDita-Users email list (for Toolkit / Plug-in related questions)http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/dita-users/W3C DocumentationXSL Version 1.0http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xsl-20011015/XSL Version 1.1http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xsl11-20061205/XPATH Version 1.0http://www.w3.org/TR/xpathXPATH Version 2.0http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-xpath20-20070123/XPATH Functions and Operators Referencehttp://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions/

47. XSL Resources (2)Other WebsitesW3Schools Tutorials and ReferencesXSLT:http://www.w3schools.com/xsl/default.aspXSL-FO:http://www.w3schools.com/xslfo/default.aspXPath:http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/default.aspXSLT Referencehttp://www.zvon.org/xxl/XSLTreference/Output/Dave Pawson’s XSL FAQhttp://www.dpawson.co.uk/xsl/Wikipediahttp://www.wikipedia.org/

49. XPATH

50. XSL-FO

51. XSLT

52. XSL ResourcesEnd of Session: Overview of XSLT, XPATH, and XSL-FO (Beginner Level)

Overview of XSL, XPath and XSL-FO

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Overview of XSL, XPath and XSL-FO