The document summarizes typical computer components including the motherboard, which controls most components and holds crucial parts; the CPU, which carries out programs as the computer's brain; RAM, which ranges in size and acts as the computer's memory; the power supply, which converts power and supplies components; fans, which cool internal parts; the video card, which feeds images to monitors in 2D and 3D; and the NIC, which connects the computer to networks either wirelessly or via Ethernet.