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PARENTAL ROUTES OF DRUGS ADMINISTRATION .pptx
PARENTAL ROUTES OF DRUGS ADMINISTRATION .pptx
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PARENTAL ROUTES OF DRUGS ADMINISTRATION .pptx
- 1. PARENTAL THERAPY PRESENTED BY……. MS.ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 2. INTRAMASCULAR INJECTION •An intramuscular(IM) injection is a method of delivering medication directly into a muscle, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 3. Common Sites for IntramuscularInjection • Deltoid Muscle (Upper Arm):- Located on the outer part of the upper arm, it is often used for small volumes of medication, typically less than 2 ML. • It's a common site for vaccines. PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 4. • Vastus LateralisMuscle (Thigh):- Located on the side of the thigh, this site is used for larger volumes of medication and is commonly used for children and infants. PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 5. • Gluteus Medius(Buttocks):- Located in the upper outer quadrant of the buttock, it is the most common site for larger volumes (up to 5 mL) of medication in adults PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 6. Z-TRACK METHOD • TheZ-track method is a technique used for intramuscular (IM) injections to prevent medication from leaking into the surrounding tissue. • With your non-dominant hand, pull the skin and tissue about 1 to 1.5 inches to one side. • This "displaces" the skin and subcutaneous tissue, creating a "Z" shape when the needle is inserted. PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 7. ANGELES FOR INSERTING INJECTION PRESENTEDBY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 8. Conformation method • Aspirate(Pull Back on Plunger): This was traditionally done to check for blood vessels before injecting. • However, newer guidelines suggest aspiration may not be necessary for all injection sites (such as the deltoid muscle). • If you aspirate and see blood in the syringe, it indicates you've hit a blood vessel, and you should remove the needle and try again in a different location PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 9. ADVANTAGES • Faster Absorption •Ability to Administer Larger Volumes • Good for Irritating • Avoidance of the Digestive System • Avoids First-Pass Metabolism • Multiple Medication Options PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 10. DISADVANTAGES • Pain andDiscomfort • Risk of Infection • Nerve or Blood Vessel Injury • Need for Skilled Administration • Limited Injection Sites PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 11. ARTICLES REQUIRED FORIM INJECTION • Syringe • Needles • Alcohol Swabs • Medication (Vial or Ampoule) • Cotton Ball or Gauze • Gloves • Medication card • Kidney tray PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 12. PROCEDURE OF IMINJECTION • Identifies patient - Three identifiers- • >Checking ID band • > Asking the patient • > Checking the case sheet. (IPSG goal) • 2. Checks the medication-Name, dose, expiry date, • patient allergies. Follows the ten rights of giving • medication • 3. Explains the procedure and obtain verbal consent • 4. Prepares the environment • 5. Prepares the patient PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 13. • 6. Preparesarticles: Tray with injection tray, syringe for appropriate dosage, medication ordered, needle disposer/ sharps dispenser, kidney tray, alcohol swab • Performs hand hygiene and positions patient comfortably in the lateral position • 8. Prepares medication by diluting the powder form of medication with the diluent that comes along with the medication, rotates the vial until a clear solution is obtained and places in the injection tray • 9. Identifies and prepares the appropriate site Ventrogluteal site by placing the index finger towards the anterior superior iliac spine and the middle finger towards the iliac crest and the site is in the V shaped quadrant thus created by using the alcohol swab in a circular motion PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 14. 10.Places the needleat 90° angle, inserts needle into the upper outer quadrant while asking the patient to breathe slowly and deeply, aspirates to check for the position, if only air bubbles are seen then administers the medication slowly. After administration removes the syringe by holding at the hub and applies pressure at the site of injection and gently massages the area to reduce pain, disposes the syringe, needle and medication vial in appropriate containers 11. Observes the patient for any untoward reactions, any allergies 12. Replaces articles, performs hand hygiene 13. Documents the procedure with date time name of the medication and patient's response PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 15. SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION • Asubcutaneous injection is a method of administering medication beneath the skin, into the layer of fat and tissue just below the epidermis. • This injection is commonly used for drugs that need to be absorbed slowly into the bloodstream, such as insulin for diabetes, certain vaccines. PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 16. Common Sites forSubcutaneous Injection •The outer part of the upper arm •The abdomen (avoiding the area around the navel) •The thighs •The back of the upper arm PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 17. ANGELES FOR INSERTING INJECTION •The needle is usually inserted at a 45-degree angle (for thinner individuals) or 90-degree angle (for individuals with more fatty tissue) PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 18. Techniques • Pinching theSkin:- For thinner individuals, pinching the skin can create a small pocket of fat where the injection is administered. • Relaxing the Skin: For individuals with more body fat, the skin may not need to be pinched. PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 19. ADVANTAGES •Ease of Self-Administration •Cost-Effective PRESENTEDBY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 20. DISADVANTAGES •Slow absorption notuseful in emergency •Suitable only for nonirritant drugs PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 21. ARTICLES REQUIRED FORSC INJECTION •Syringe (1-3 mL) •Needle (25–30-gauge, 5/8 inch to 1 inch) •Medication (vial or pre-filled syringe) •Alcohol swabs for site cleansing •Cotton balls or gauze pads •Sharps container for disposal •Band-Aid or adhesive dressing •Syringe cap or needle cover •Pen needles (for insulin pens) •Vial access device (for vials) •Medication mixing tools (if needed) •Gloves (optional) PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 22. PROCEDURE OF SCINJECTION • Identifies patient - Three identifiers- • >Checking ID band • > Asking the patient • > Checking the case sheet. (IPSG goal) • 2. Checks the medication-Name, dose, expiry date, • patient allergies • Follows the ten rights of giving medication, • Checks the capillary blood glucose levels and a • need for change in insulin dose based on blood • glucose level PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 23. 3. Explains theprocedure and obtain verbal consent 4. Prepares the environment 5. Prepares the patient 6. Checks the site of administration -Lateral aspect of upper arm, thighs, either side of the umbilicus and encourages the patient to have diet ready 7. Prepares articles: Tray with injection tray, Insulin syringe, medication ordered- Insulin after taking from fridge and bringing to room temperature, needle disposer/sharps dispenser, kidney tray,alcohol swab 8. Performs hand hygiene and positions patient comfortably either sitting or in the supine position PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 24. 9. Prepares medication 10.Identify and prepares the appropriate site by using the alcohol swab in a circular motion 11. Places the needle at 90° angle, inserts needle into the subcutaneous region of the identified site by holding a pinch of the tissue, and administers the medication slowly. After administration removes the syringe by holding at the hub and applies pressure at the site of injection disposes the syringe, needle and places the medication vial in the fridge for next use 12. Observes the patient for any untoward reactions, educates the patient about the purpose of the medication, signs of hypoglycemia as sweating tiredness and reassess the patient 13. Replaces articles, performs h and hygiene 14. Documents the procedure with date time name Of the medication and patient's response, Blood glucose level after medication
- 25. INTRADERMAL INJECTION • Anintradermal injection is a medical procedure where a substance is injected just beneath the outer layer of the skin, into the dermis. • The dermis is the layer of skin located just below the epidermis (outermost layer) and above the subcutaneous tissue. PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 26. Common Sites forID Injection •Inner Forearm •Upper Chest •Back PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 27. ANGELES FOR INSERTING INJECTION •15-degree angle: The needle is typically inserted at a very shallow angle, around 15 degrees to the surface of the skin. • This angle ensures the needle stays just under the epidermis, into the dermis, where it creates the desired raised "wheal" or bump at the injection site. PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 28. TECHNIQUES •Needle insertion:- Theneedle should be almost parallel to the skin, and you should be able to see the needle tip just beneath the surface as it enters the dermis. •Injection:- After the needle is inserted at the correct angle, the medication or substance (such as an allergen for testing or the TB vaccine) is injected slowly to create a small raised area on the skin PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 29. PURPOSES •Allergy Test/sensitivity test •Tuberculosis(TB) Testing •Vaccinations PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 30. ADVANTAGES •High Sensitivity •Smaller VolumeNeeded •Quick Results PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 31. DISADVANTAGES •Risk of SevereReactions •Requires Skilled Personne •Formation of Scarring PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 32. ARTICLES REQUIRED FORID INJECTION •Syringe •Needles •Alcohol Swabs •Medication (Vial or Ampoule) •Cotton Ball or Gauze •Gloves •Medication card •Kidney tray
- 33. PROCEDURE OF ID INJECTION 1.Identifiespatient - Three identifiers- • >Checking ID band • > Asking the patient • > Checking the case sheet. (IPSG goal) 2. Checks the medication-Name, dose, expiry date, • patient allergies. Follows the ten rights of giving • medication 3. Explains the procedure and obtain verbal consent 4. Prepares the environment 5. Prepares the patient
- 34. 6.Checks the siteof administration - inner aspect of the forearm 7. Prepares articles: Tray with injection tray,intradermal syringe or tuberculin syringe,medication ordered, needle disposer/sharps dispenser, kidney tray, alcohol swab, patient medication chart 8. Performs hand hygiene and positions patient comfortably either sitting or in the supine position 9. Prepares medication - dilutes the medication in the Normal saline for injection and rotates the vial until clear, loads 0.1m1 in the tuberculin syringe
- 35. 11. Places theneedle at 15° angle, inserts bevel of the needle into the dermis and instils 0.1m1 of the medication to form a wheal, removes needle and slightly wipes the point of entry of needle circle the injection site with a pen and notes test dose give with time. After administration disposes the syringe, needle and places the medication vial labelled for administration of full dose if no allergies. Do not massage the area. 12. Observes the patient for any untoward reactions, educates the patient to report any itching, redness, rashes or any other untoward reactions, reassess the patient 13. Replaces articles, performs hand hygiene 14. Documents the procedure with date time name of the medication and patient's response PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 36. INTRAVENOUS INJECTION • Anintravenous (IV) injection refers to the administration of medication, fluids, or other substances directly into a vein. • This method is one of the fastest ways to deliver substances to the body, as it allows for immediate absorption into the bloodstream PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 37. Common Sites forIV Injection • Site of Injection:- An IV injection is typically administered into a vein in the arm or hand, although veins in other areas of the body can also be used, depending on the situation. • The most common veins used are:- • Cephalic vein- (on the back of the hand or forearm) • Basilic vein- (inner side of the forearm) • Median cubital vein- (in the bend of the elbow) PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 38. PURPOSES Medication Administration Fluid andElectrolyte Replacement Blood Products Anaesthesia Nutritional Support PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 39. ARTICLES REQUIRED FORIV INJECTION •The angle of an intravenous (IV) injection is usually 15– 30 degrees, but it can vary depending on the depth of the vein PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 40. ADVANTAGES •Rapid Effect •Controlled Dosage •Conveniencefor Specific Treatments PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 41. DISADVANTAGES •Infection •Phlebitis •Extravasation •Air Embolism •Allergic Reaction PRESENTEDBY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 42. ANGELES FOR INSERTINGIV INJECTION •Syringe •Needles •Alcohol Swabs •Medication (Vial or Ampoule) •Cotton Ball or Gauze •Gloves •Medication card •Kidney tray PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 43. PROCEDURE OF IVINJECTION 1-Identifies patient - Three identifiers- • >Checking ID band • > Asking the patient • > Checking the case sheet. (IPSG goal) 2. Checks the medication- Name, dose, expiry date, • patient allergies • Follows the ten rights of giving medication 3. Explains the procedure and obtain verbal consent 4. Prepares the environment 5. Prepares the patient
- 44. 6. Checks thesite of administration -Metacarpal, basilic, cephalic, median cubital veins to identify if direct IV or the presence and patency of IV cannula 7. Prepares articles: Tray with injection tray, syringe for appropriate dosage, flush of 1 ml saline to check patency of venflon, needle disposer/ sharps dispenser, ordered medicine and patient medication chart, kidney tray, alcohol swab, tourniquet 8. Performs hand hygiene and position the patientcomfortably 9. Identifies the appropriate vein avoiding tortuous vein or the joint surfaces 10. Prepares medication and places in the injection tray 11. Dons gloves, Prepares the vein by applying tourniquet slightly above the site of the vein, Prepares the site using the alcohol swab in a circular motion
- 45. 12. Places theneedle at 15-degree angle with the bevel facing the vein, inserts the bevel of the needle into the vein and observes for backflow of blood, removes the tourniquet and slowly administers the medication. 13. Observes the patient for any untoward reactions, 14. Replaces articles, performs hand hygiene 15. Documents the procedure with date, time and name of the medication and patient's response PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC TUTOR (CHILD HEALTH NURSING)