Part A1. K2. D3. N4. C5. A6. O7. F8. Q9. H10..docx

Part A1. K2. D3. N4. C5. A6. O7. F8. Q9. H10..docx

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  Part A: 1. K 2.D 3. N 4. C 5. A 6. O 7. F 8. Q 9. H 10. M 11. S 12. Y 13. I 14. U 15. X Part B: 1. A. UTI is short form for Urinary tract infection. Means infection which affects organs of urinary tract. Such as urethra, urinary bladder and kidney. This are main organ for formation of urine and helps to expel it out of body. B. Kidneys, urethra and urinary bladder gets affected during Urinary tract infection. Generally infection begins with urethra then travels to kidney. When only lower part gets affected which is called lower UTI also cystitis because involves bladder And when infection spread to upper side involving kidneys known as pyelonephritis. 2. A. Microorganism in UTI Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae B. Coli bacteria lives in intestine. So they also seen near anal
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  canal. From whichgets transferred to urethra. C. Bacteria enters urinary tract from urethra. In very less cases kidney gets infected by blood stream. 3. Signs and symptoms: A) Pain with urination: The infection cause inflammation of urinary tract, the urine from the inflammed urinary tract cause pain in urination. B) orange or red colour urine: The inflammation of urinary tract may cause a orange or red colour urine. It is common sign in UTI due to inflammation of urinary tract. 4. UTI: Urinary tract infection (UTI) any infection on the urinary tract causing difficult in urination. It most commonly affects the woman because thet are more prone to it. Diagnosis And treatment: A) The diagnostic test for UTI: The two major diagnostic test for UTI are: Urinalysis: Urine is collected from the patient who came for test. This test shows the bacterial or any infectious organism in the urine. The collected urine sample is added to the substance which promotes the growth of the organism in the urine. If the growth is organism doesn't takes place then the test is negative. If the organism growth in the urine takes place then the test is positive. Ultra sound: The sound waves from the transducer of ultra produce a imaging of the internal organs. Patient lower abdomen is scanned by ultra sound to detect any abnormality in the organs and structures of urinary tract. B) The medications for UTI are antibiotics or antimicrobial. The two drugs are amoxicillin, sulfasulfamethaxazole.
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  Both of thesedrugs act on UTI by fighting against the microorganisms in the UTI. By assisting the immune system, it fight against the microorganisms and that relieves the symptoms of UTI. 5. answer. a) In women at the time of pregnancy the drainage system from the kidney towards bladder become wide, hence, urine does not pass out as quickly. This makes it easier to get an infection. Similarly women has shorter urethra than a man have, the shorter distance make the way easy to bacteria to travel into the bladder. b) There are no of ways by which women can reduce the risk of getting UTI. Like women should drink plenty of water this will help of getting rid from UTI, a women should protect their urethra by not spraying ferfumes, bubble bath, by not using bath oil. Sexual intercourse also irritates the urethra and is also one of the reasons that sexually active women are more liable to UTIs ASSIGNMENT 10 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: This assignment contains 2 parts which cover the Urinary System (Ch. 15). This is a submission AKA text box assignment. When you have completed the assignment, submit your work for both parts using the Assignment 10 Text Box provided in this week’s module. This assignment may be completed and submitted any time this week before Saturday midnight. This assignment must be submitted by midnight Saturday (11:59 pm). Each part is worth 15 points (30 points total). Part A: Urinary System A & P Matching INSTRUCTIONS: · Use your textbook to determine which DESCRIPTIONS
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  correctly match withthe TERMS provided. Terms may be used once or not at all. · A Reference Citation List is NOT required for Part A. · Format your work so that you submit the number of each description with the letter of the term that matches correctly. Please do not submit the descriptions or terms. Follow the example below. EXAMPLE FORMAT: Part A: 1. A 2. B 3. C Etc. DESCRIPTIONS: 1. When blood volume & pressure are too low, the pituitary gland releases this hormone which increases water reabsorption from filtrate into blood, thus conserving body water and producing a highly concentrated urine 2. Urine in its final form leaves the collecting duct of a nephron and enters this space which funnels urine into the renal pelvis 3. A long, slender, muscular tube which undergoes peristalsis to conduct newly formed urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder 4. This portion of a nephron functions to control the amount of water in urine so that concentrated urine is produced when one is dehydrated (low blood volume/pressure) or dilute urine is produced when one is overhydrated (high blood volume/pressure) 5. These expandable folds in the lining of the wall of the bladder enable it to expand in size as urine volume increases; the stomach lining also has these folds 6. The yellow color of urine is due to the presence of this
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  product of hemoglobinbreakdown 7. As the bladder fills, urine volume & pressure increase; high fluid pressure stimulates these sensory neurons embedded in the bladder wall and they then send impulses to the spinal cord to initiate the micturition reflex 8. 70% of filtrate is reabsorbed into blood from the proximal convoluted tubules by epithelial cells which possess these short, finger-like extensions that increase absorptive surface area 9. A fluid pressure gradient pushes water and small solutes out of the blood in glomerular capillaries and into the glomerular capsule; this is the first step in urine formation 10.In males, this tube conducts urine during urination and it conducts semen during ejaculation 11. Renal pyramids are found in this inner region of the kidney 12. This circular skeletal muscle surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor and can be controlled consciously to either stop or permit urination 13. Although glucose enters the renal tubule during the first step of urine formation, it is actively transported back into blood during this second step in urine formation 14. This is the most important electrolyte influencing the amount of water that is either retained in blood or eliminated in urine 15. This layer of dense connective tissue forms the exterior covering of the kidney TERMS: A. rugae B. trigone C. loop of Henle D. glomerulus E. baroreceptors F. interneurons G. calyx H. filtration I. secretion
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  J. reabsorption K. antidiuretichormone L. aldosterone M. urethra N. ureter O. urochrome P. urea Q. microvilli R. cilia S. medulla T. cortex U. sodium V. calcium W. potassium X. capsule Y. external urethral sphincter Z. internal urethral sphincter Part B:Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) INSTRUCTIONS: · Perform research using your textbook and at least 1 reliable website to gather scientific and medical information regarding Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). · Answer each question thoroughly. Pay attention to key terms or phrases which have been highlighted in bold. Answer questions using complete sentences. Be sure your answers are free of writing errors (incorrect grammar and spelling). Define scientific terms. · Provide a list of Citations (sources used) at the end of the assignment. Include the textbook and at least 1 reliable website. Format your citations in APA style. Be sure that website citations include functional URLs. Refer to the document How to cite References in an Assignment (in the Course Resources module) for instructions on how to format
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  citations in APAstyle. Failure to include a Reference Citation List results in a 0 score for Part B. Five points will be deducted for failure to format citations in APA style. · PARAPHRASE: Information taken from sources must be written in your own words. Paraphrasing demonstrates that students understand the information they have read and that they can correctly use that information to explain the answer to a question. Do NOT include any direct quotes (with or without quotation marks) from sources. Answers with direct quotes receive no credit. · Format your work to include the question number, topics, and your answers. Before submitting your work, check to make sure your answers are numbered correctly. Follow the format example below. EXAMPLE FORMAT: Part B: 1. TOPIC: Overview of UTIs A. Your answer B. Your answer 2. TOPIC: Microorganisms cause UTIs A. Your answer B. Your answer C. Your answer ETC. QUESTIONS: 1. TOPIC:Overview of UTIs A. What is a UTI? Provide a description of the disease as if you were explaining it to a friend who does not know any scientific terms or concepts. B. Which urinary system structures may be affected by a UTI?
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  Explain how thestructure and function of these structures is compromised by the infection. 2. TOPIC:Microorganisms cause UTIs A. UTIs are caused by bacteria. Give the specific names of 2 types of bacteria that cause UTIs. Example: Staphylococcus aureus (NOTE: Genus and species are italicized) B. What are the potential sources of bacteria that cause UTIs? In other words, where do the bacteria come from? C. Where do the bacteria enter the urinary tract? 3. TOPIC:Signs & Symptoms Explain the cause of each of the following common signs and symptoms of a UTI: A. pain with urination B. orange or red color of urine 4. TOPIC:Diagnosis and Treatment A. Name 2 diagnostic tests used in the clinic to diagnose a UTI. What is the purpose of each test? What kind of information does each test provide? B. Name 2 common medications prescribed to treat UTIs. Describe how each medicationworks to treat the infection or relieve signs & symptoms. 5. TOPIC:Women vs. Men A. UTIs are more common in women than men. Provide 2 reasons why. B. Sometimes, a UTI can be prevented. Describe 2 ways that women can reduce their risk of getting a UTI. Citations: Provide a list of References (sources)used to complete this part. Include the textbook and at least 1 reliable scientific website. Be sure your citations are APA formatted.
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