PATHOLOGY QUIZ'S-1.pptx
- 2. QUIZ ONE (a)Define the term inflammation(2mks)? (b)State 3 types of injury(3mks)? Ans- Irritating chemical, infectious organism, penetrating trauma/caused by blunt. (c)Briefly explain how the body tissue respond to injury?(10mks) Metaplasia, hyperplasia, dysplasia e.t.c (d)Explain the causes of ischemia and infarction?(10mks) –tumor, aneurism, anemia
- 3. QUIZ TWO (a)Describe the presses of wound healing(15mks) (b)List factor that affect wound healing (4mks) (c)Explain briefly the complications of wound healing(6mks)
- 4. (a)Define the following terms (i)Faecal loading-Large volume of stool in the rectum of any consistency. (ii)Faecal impaction-A large lump of dry, hard stool that stay struck in the rectum. (iii)Volvulus –obstruction of the bowel in which a loop of bowel has abnormally twisted on itself. (iv)Intussusceptions –the invagination(fold up/enclose) of one portion a tubular anatomical structure within the next
- 5. (v)Spina bifida-incomplete fusion/closing of the vertebral bodies /backbone and membranes around the spinal cord. (vi)Spondylolisthesis- A forward displacement of the vertebra over a lower vertebra due to congenital defect or injury.(2x6=12mks) (b)Description hydrocephalus under the following (i) Definition-excess accumulation of CSF in the cranium (2mks) (ii) Types Non-obstructive/communicating{CFS flows out of the brain chambers into spinal canal - obstructive does not flows out of brain ventricles due to obstruction e.g. narrowing.(4mks) (iii) Radiographic appearance (4mks) (iv) Treatment(3mks)
- 6. (a)Define neoplasia (2mks) (b)Differentiate between a sarcoma and a carcinoma and give one example of each(6mks) (c)List 5 general function of tumours (5mks) -more rapid increase in size -ability to metastasis to distance tissue -increase in nuclear -Cell are regular DNA content Surrounding tissue -anaplasia-less differiantation (d)Explain the features of the following (i) Benign tumours (ii) Malignant tumour (12mks)
- 7. PATHOLOGY CAT SEPT2014 1. Define the following terms (I) hypertrophy (ii) hyperplasia (iii) Metaplasia (iv) Atrophy (v) Necrosis (5x2=10mks) 2. Explain wound healing by: (i) primary intention (ii) secondary intention (2x5=10mks) (iii) Tertiary intension(3mks)
- 8. benign • Domant • Localized • Well define • Slow cell growth malignant • Cancerous • Metastasis • Irregular • Rapid cell growth
- 9. 3. Describe how the following condition appear on a chest radiograph. (i) pneumonia (ii) Cardiomegally in adults (iii) pulmonary oedema (iv) pleura effusion. (v) Tumor (5x2=10mks)
- 10. PATHOLOGY MODULE 1 SEPT 2012 1. (a) Define Apoptosis (2mks) (b) Explain five causes of cell injury (15mks) 2.(a) Define (i)Wound (ii) Healing (2x2=4mks) (b) Describe three (3) phases of wound healing(12mks) 3. (i) Explain the five(5) cardinal signs of acute inflammation (10mks)
- 11. (ii) Describe two types of inflammation. (10mks) (iii) List nine (9) factors that influence healing(9mks) 4. Describe the following fractures (i) comminution (ii) Segmental (iii) Greenstick (iv) Buckle or torus (v) Bowing (5x2=10mks)
- 12. (b) As pertain to fractures explain: (i) spontaneous healing (ii) contact healing (iii) gap healing (3x3=9mks) (c) Describe how the following conditions appear on a radiograph (i) Rickets (ii) Dextrocardia (iii) Tuberculosis in the lungs (3x2=6 mks)
- 13. Q1.Define the following terms. (i) Neoplasm (ii) Etiology (iii) pathogenesis (iv) Necrosis (v) inflammation (5x2=10mks) Q2. As pertains to fractures, (i) Define fracture.(3mks) (ii) Explain spontagious (indirect / secondary) healing (3mks)
- 14. (iii) Contact (angiogenic, primary) healing.(3mks) (iv) Gap healing.(3mks) Q3. Explain the five (5) cardinal signs of acute inflammation(10mks)
- 15. Q1. what do you understand by the terms “healing,” ‘Regeneration,’ and “Repair” as pertain to wounds? (6mks) Ans=healing-the process where the cells in the body regenerate and repair themselves or Body’s replacement of destroyed tissue by living tissues Ans= regeneration-replacement of lost tissue by tissue similar in type. Ans=Repair-replacement of lost tissues by granulation tissues with mature to form scar tissues
- 16. (b) Explain factors influencing wound healing (10mks) Ans – local factors -systemic factors (c) Describe mechanism of wound healing by first intention.(9mks) (b) Describe the various radiographic signs of a fracture.(5mks) Ans-increase density, blunt line, soft tissue swelling, bowing, cortical irregularity.
- 17. Q3.(a) Discuss the vascular phenomenon of inflammation (8mks) (b) Define the following terms: (i) ulcer- (ii) sinus (iii) Fistula (iv) Boil (v) Abscess (5x2=10mks)
- 18. (c) Explain giving example the causes of cell injury.(7mks) Q4. As a medical imaging Offer you are likely to meet the term Neoplasm in daily practice. (i) Define the term neoplasm (2mks) (ii) classify neoplasm (2mks) (iii) Describe the classified neoplasm giving 2 examples each (6mks)
- 19. (iv) List 5 imaging modalities that can be used in diagnosis of neoplasm(5mks) (v) In each modality above explain how neoplasm appears on the image (5mks) (vi) Name 5 predisposing factors to neoplasm (5mks)