PCI express
- 2. • What is PCI express…? • History of PCIe. • What is a PCIe slot? • Types of PCI express. • What is a PCIe lane? • What about PCI Express compatibility? • PCI express Architecture. • PCI express layering. • PCI express advantages. Content
- 3. • PCIe - Peripheral Component Interconnect Express. • PCI Express is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standard. • It is the common motherboard interface for personal computers' graphics cards, hard drives, SSDs, Wi-Fi and Ethernet hardware connections. What is PCI express…?
- 6. • PCI was introduced by Intel in 1991 as the PCI Local Bus Standard. • Early in the spring of 2001, Intel had proposed to replace PCI bus with a new bus architecture technology and internal connection of multiple chips, which is known as 3G I/O. • By the end of 2001, more than 20 leading enterprises in the industry, including Intel, AMD, DELL and IBM, started drafting the specification for the new technology and finished it in 2002. It was officially named PCI Express. History of PCIe
- 7. • Physical slot on your motherboard. • From smallest to largest, these slots are x1, x4, x8, and x16. • these numbers represent the number of PCI lanes that the card supports. • Graphics cards and many other expansion cards require a full- sized x16 slot, while sound cards and USB expansions will often be fine with the smaller/slower standards. What is a PCIe slot?
- 8. Types of PCI expressSlot Clock(GHz) No of Bits Data / Cycle Bandwidth PCIe 1.0 ×1 2.5 1 1 250 MB/s PCIe 1.0 ×4 2.5 4 1 1000 MB/s PCIe 1.0 ×8 2.5 8 1 2000 MB/s PCIe 1.0 ×16 2.5 16 1 4000 MB/s PCIe 2.0 ×1 2.5 1 1 500 MB/s PCIe 2.0 ×4 2.5 4 1 2000 MB/s PCIe 2.0 ×8 2.5 8 1 4000 MB/s PCIe 2.0 ×16 2.5 16 1 8000 MB/s PCIe 3.0 ×1 2.5 1 1 1000 MB/s PCIe 3.0 ×4 2.5 4 1 4000 MB/s PCIe 3.0 ×8 2.5 8 1 8000 MB/s PCIe 3.0 2.5 16 1 16000 MB/s
- 9. • PCI Express 1.0 (2003) • PCI Express 2.0 (2007) • PCI Express 3.0 (2010)
- 12. • Think of it as the number of connections that your PCI Express slot has to the rest of your system. A PCIe x16 slot will have 16 lanes of bandwidth to use when communicating with the rest of the system, which makes it ideal for graphics cards and low- latency expansion. What is a PCIe lane?
- 13. Fortunately, PCI Express is great when it comes to compatibility. If the physical connector matches– x4, x16, etc– then the expansion card will at least function. but it isn’t guaranteed to reach its full performance unless you have the available lanes to spare and your PCI Express generation meets or exceeds its recommended spec. To ensure the best performance, you’ll always want to make sure that any expansion cards you have either match the fastest standard supported by your motherboard, or are slower than that standard. You can still use a PCI Express 3.0 card with a 2.0 motherboard, but don’t be surprised if it doesn’t meet the desired performance targets. What about PCI Express compatibility?
- 16. • Root complex • End points • legacy end point • PCI Express end points • Switch • PCI Express bridge Core Core Memory Memory Gigabit ethernet PCIe-PCI bridge Legacy endpoint PCIe endpoint PCIe endpoint PCIe endpoint Switc h Root complex PCIePCIe PCIePCIe PCIe PCIe PCIe PCI express Architecture
- 17. • Root complex : The root complex acts as a buffering device, to deal with difference in data rates between I/O controllers and memory and processor components. The root complex also translate between PCIe transaction formats and the processor and memory signal and control requirements. • End points o Legacy endpoint :legacy devices may support legacy style interrupt generation using message requests. o PCIe endpoint : An I/O device or controller that implements PCIe, such as Gigabit ethernet switch A graphics or video controller Disk interface Communication controller PCI express Architecture cont.
- 18. • PCI Express interactions are defined using a protocol architecture. The PCI Express protocol architecture encompasses the following layers, o Transaction Layer o Data Link Layer o Physical Layer • Each of these layers are divided into two sections o Processes outbound(to be transmitted) information o Processes inbound(received) information PCI express layering
- 20. • High throughput(up to> 4GB/s) • Software compatibility • Scalable bandwidth • Dedicated bandwidth per slot • Peer-to-peer communication • Long life (20+ years in mainstream market) PCI express advantages
- 21. Thank You…!