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![DEFINISI KEDAULATAN
Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme,
independent authority over a geographic area, such
as a territory.[1] It can be found in a power to rule and
make law that rests on a political fact for which no
pure legal explanation can be provided. In theoretical
terms, the idea of "sovereignty", historically, from
Socrates to Thomas Hobbes, has always necessitated
a moral imperative on the entity exercising it.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/penegakankedaulatandilaut-121125121922-phpapp02/75/Penegakan-Kedaulatan-di-Laut-http-ajisularso-com-2-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byWildan Fakhri
Penegakan Kedaulatan di Laut (http://ajisularso.com)
1. The document discusses definitions of sovereignty and jurisdiction over maritime zones under international law. 2. It outlines Indonesia's maritime zones and perceptions of threats within each zone, emphasizing different responses are required depending on whether it is a law enforcement issue or threat to sovereignty. 3. The roles of Bakorkamla in coordinating maritime security, law enforcement and sovereignty enforcement are described.
Penegakan Kedaulatan di Laut (http://ajisularso.com)
- 1. PENEGAKAN KEDAULATAN DI LAUT Disampaikan pada pelatihan SDM Bakorkamla Oleh: Dr. Aji Sularso
- 2. DEFINISI KEDAULATAN Sovereigntyis the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory.[1] It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no pure legal explanation can be provided. In theoretical terms, the idea of "sovereignty", historically, from Socrates to Thomas Hobbes, has always necessitated a moral imperative on the entity exercising it.
- 3. NATION – STATE(NEGARA BANGSA) The current notion of state sovereignty is often traced back to the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which, in relation to states, codified the basic principles: territorial integrity border inviolability supremacy of the state (rather than the Church) a sovereign is the supreme lawmaking authority within its jurisdiction.[
- 4. Konsep Kekuatan Nasional--- Morgenthau National power consists of stable and unstable or changing elements. These include: geography; natural resources (such as food and raw materials); industrial capacity; military preparedness (including technology, leadership, and quality/quantity of armed forces); population; national character; national morale; quality of a nation’s diplomacy; and quality of government.
- 5. PERSEPSI WILAYAH (GEOPOLITIK) LAUT SBG PERTAHANAN TERLUAR POSISI STRATEGIS NKRI POTENSI EKONOMI NEGARA KEPULAUAN
- 6. REZIM PERAIRAN ZONAEKONOMI EKSKLUSIF (ECONOMIC EXCLUSIVE ZONES) LANDAS KONTINEN (CONTINENTAL SHELF) ZONA TAMBAHAN (CONTIGOUS ZONES) PERAIRAN TERITORIAL (TERITORIAL WATERS) PERAIRAN PEDALAMAN (INTERNAL WATERS)
- 7. LAUT TERITORIAL &ZEE Article 2 Article 56 Legal status of the territorial sea, of the Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the air space over the territorial sea and of coastal State in the exclusive economic its bed and subsoil zone 1. The sovereignty of a coastal State 1. In the exclusive economic zone, the extends, beyond its land territory coastal State has: and internal waters and, in the case of (a) sovereign rights for the purpose of an archipelagic State, its archipelagic exploring and exploiting, conserving and waters, to an adjacent belt of sea, managing the natural resources, whether described as the territorial sea. living or non-living, of the waters 2. This sovereignty extends to the air superjacent to the seabed and of the space over the territorial sea as seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to well as to its bed and subsoil. other activities for the economic 3. The sovereignty over the territorial sea exploitation and exploration of the zone, is exercised subject to this such as the production of energy from the Convention and to other rules of water, currents and winds international law.
- 8. WILAYAH PERAIRAN INDONESIA Laut teritorial jalur laut selebar12 mil laut diukur dari garis pangkal Perairan Kepulauan: semua perairan yg terletak pada sisi dalam garis pangkal lurus kepulauan Perairan pedalaman: semua perairan yg terletak pada sisi darat dan garis air rendah ....
- 9.
- 10. ... PERSEPSI ANCAMAN PELANGGARAN HUKUM DI ZEE: BUKAN ANCAMAN KEDAULATAN WILAYAH, BUKAN MUSUH DAN TIDAK BOLEH DIHADAPI DG KEKUATAN MILITER. MRPK PELANGGARAN THD HAK KEDAULATAN EKONOMI, HARUS DISELESAIKAN SECARA HUKUM. PELAKU PELANGGARAN BUKAN PELAKU KEJAHATAN SHG TIDAK BOLEH DIPERLAKUKAN SEBAGAI KRIMINAL DAN TIDAK BOLEH MENDAPATKAN HUKUMAN BADAN, BERLAKU KAIDAH INTERNASIONAL SPT HAM
- 11. PELANGGARAN HUKUM DI PERAIRAN TERITORIAL MERUPAKAN ANCAMAN THD KEDAULATAN WILAYAH DAPAT DIHADAPI DG KEKUATAN MILITER JIKA MERUPAKAN ANCAMAN MILITER BISA DIHADAPI DG KEKUATAN SENJATA PERANG JIKA BUKAN ANCAMAN MILITER PROSES HUKUM NEGARA MEMILIKI KEWENANGAN PENUH MEMPERLAKUKAN PIHAK YANG MELANGGAR WILAYAH TERGANTUNG DARI SKALA ANCAMAN S.O.E (RULE OF ENGAGEMENT)
- 12. PENEGAKAN KEDAULATAN DAN HUKUMDI PERAIRAN INDONESIA Kedaulatan dan hukum di perairan Indonesia dilaksanakan bdsk konvensi internasional dan peraturan perundangan yg berlaku. Yurisdiksi adalah penegakan kedaulatan dan hukum thd kapal asing yg sdg melintasi laut teritorial dan perairan kepulauan Indonesia, dilaksanakan sesuai ketentuan konvensi, hukum internasional lainnya dan peraturan perundangan yg berlaku.
- 13. PERSEPSI WILAYAH PERAIRAN ZEE = PERAIRAN INTERNASIONAL, HANYA MEMILIKI HAK KEDAULATAN (SOUVEREIGN RIGHT) EKONOMI (EKSPLORASI & EKSPLOITASI SUMBER DAYA) LANDAS KONTINEN = HAK PENGELOLAAN POTENSI DASAR LAUT (MINERAL, TAMBANG, IKAN DASAR). ZONA TAMBAHAN = KEPABEANAN PERAIRAN TERITORIAL = KEDAULATAN PENUH (SOUVEREIGNITY) PERAIRAN PEDALAMAN= KEDAULATAN PENUH
- 14. SISTEM PERTAHANAN NEGARA SISHANKAMRATA ANCAMAN DI SATU WILAYAH MRPK ANCAMAN NKRI, MELIBATKAN SELURUH KOMPONEN BANGSA SECARA SEMESTA STRATEGI: DEFEKSIF AKTIF BUKAN OFENSIF DAN BUKAN PASIF (PEMBIARAN) TUGAS KEMHAN = MENYIAPKAN R.A.K. JUANG KOMPONEN PERTAHANAN: INTI = TNI CADANGAN PENDUKUNG
- 15. PENEGAKAN HUKUM VS PENEGAKAN KEDAULATAN GAKUM = LAW ENFORCEMENT: PROSES HUKUM DARI HULU KE HILIR PENYELIDIKAN PENYIDIKAN PENUNTUTAN PENGADILAN. WILAYAH KERJA SAMPAI ZEE PENEGAKAN KEDAULATAN: INTELIJEN IDENTIFIKASI ANCAMAN PREVENTIF OFFENSIF. WILAYAH KERJA DI TERITORIAL YURISDIKSI HUKUM INDONESIA = WILAYAH NKRI, LAUT TERITORIAL BERLAKU PENUH HUKUM INDONESIA PENEGAKAN HUKUM = UPAYA UNTUK MENJAGA KEDAULATAN (WILAYAH, PEMERINTAH, RAKYAT) DI ZEE = BERLAKU HUKUM INTERNASIONAL DAN DIRATIFIKASI DLM HUKUM NASIONAL HUKUM NASIONAL HARUS SELARAN DG HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
- 16. BAKORKAMLA TUGAS Mengkoordinasikanpenyusunan kebijakan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan operasi keamanan laut secara terpadu. FUNGSI Perumusan dan penetapan kebijakan umum di bidang keamanan laut. Koordinasi kegiatan dan pelaksanaan tugas di bidang keamanan laut yang meliputi kegiatan penjagaan, pengawasan, pencegahan dan penindakan pelanggaran hukum serta pengamanan pelayaran dan pengamanan aktivitas masyarakat dan pemerintahan di wilayah perairan Indonesia. Pemberian dukungan teknis dan administrasi di bidang keamanan laut secara terpadu.
- 17. KEAMANAN LAUT, PENEGAKANHUKUM DAN PENEGAKAN KEDAULATAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM MERUPAKAN BAGIAN DARI UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN KEAMANAN LAUT BAKORKAMLA MEMILIKI KEWENANGAN MENGKOORDINASIKAN KEGIATAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM DI LAUT. PENEGAKAN KEDAULATAN ADALAH UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN KEAMANAN NASIONAL BAKORKAMLA BERHAK MENGKOORDINASIKAN KEGIATAN PENEGAKAN KEDAULATAN DI LUAR PERANG. BAKORKAMLA DAPAT DIJADIKAN KOMPONEN CADANGAN DAN PENDUKUNG KEKUATAN PERTAHANAN DAN BUKAN KOMPONEN INTI.
- 18. PERAN BAKORKAMLA DLMGAKUM DI LAUT MENGKOORDINASIKAN: KEBIJAKAN, RENCANA KEGIATAN, PROGRAM, OPERASI GAKUM DI LAUT. MELAKUKAN KEGIATAN DI TINGKAT PENYELIDIKAN DAN PENCEGAHAN, INETELIJEN, IDENTIFIKASI, PENAHANAN SEMENTARA TERSANGKA JIKA ADA PELANGGARAN. APARAT BAKORKAMLA MEMBANTU APARAT PENYIDIK MEMFASILITASI PENANGANAN KASUS LINTAS SEKTOR YG TIDAK BISA DILAKUKAN BAKORKAMLA: MELAKUKAN PENYIDIKAN DAN PENINDAKAN HUKUM (PENYIDIKAN DIATUR DALAM UU).
- 19. HOT PURSUIT (PENGEJARAN SEKETIKA)Article 111 UNCLOS 2. The right of hot pursuit shall apply mutatis mutandis to violations in the exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf, including safety zones around continental shelf installations, of the laws and regulations of the coastal State applicable in accordance with this Convention to the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf, including such safety zones.
- 20. .... Hot pursuit 3. The right of hot pursuit ceases as soon as the ship pursued enters the territorial sea of its own State or of a third State. 5. The right of hot pursuit may be exercised only by warships or military aircraft, or other ships or aircraft clearly marked and identifiable as being on government service and authorized to that effect.
- 21. KAPAL PATROLI BAKORKAMLA YG DAPAT DILAKUKAN: MELAKUKAN SURVEILLANCE MEMBANTU KAPAL PENEGAK HUKUM DAN KRI MELAKUKAN PULBAKET DAN SBG RADIO TRANSMITTER DI LAUT MEMINTA KAPAL PATROLI PENEGAK HUKUM MELAKUKAN TINDAKAN HUKUM YG TIDAK DAPAT DILAKUKAN: PENINDAKAN HUKUM: HENRIKAN, PENYIDIKAN MELAKUKAN TINDAKAN PEMAKSAAN THD KAPAL PELANGGAR HUKUM
- 22. PRAKTEK DI NEGARALAIN AUSTRALIA = BORDER PROTECTION COMMAND: Tugasnya melakukan surveillance (laut, udara, satelit, Radar). Melakukan apprehension (Henrikan) di laut. Penangkapan dan ad hoc ke darat Penyidikan diserahkan kepada Polisi atau Penyidik perikanan (fisheries investigator). Petugasnya gabungan dari: AL, Polisi, Penyidik Perikanan, Custom (Coast Watch)