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Similar to Pests of Turmeric and Ginger, Onion and Garlic, Coriander, Curry leaf, Black pepper.pptx
Pests of Turmeric and Ginger, Onion and Garlic, Coriander, Curry leaf, Black pepper.pptx
- 1. Presented By Prof. ShidD.C. Pests of Turmeric and Ginger
- 2. 1. Rhizome Fly S.N.– Mimegralla coeruleifrons Family – Micropezidae Order – Diptera Marks of identification - Adult : Flies are large in size with slendar body and long legs, black in color, transparent wings Larva : Creamy white
- 3. Host plants: Turmericand ginger Life history: Eggs : In soil Pupa : Pupation in rotten rhizomes Nature of damage – The maggots feeds on the rhizome as a result of which yellowing of plant and rotting of rhizomes takes place.
- 4. Management practices - •Healthy rhizomes should be used for planting. • Removal and destruction of rotten rhizomes along with maggots from the field. • Seed treatment by soaking of rhizomes in solution containing 20 ml dimethoate in 10 lit. of water for 30 min before planting. • Immediately after appearance of initial symptoms neem cake is applied @ 100kg/ha. • Avoid continuous planting in the same field • Avoid water logging conditions • Maintain field sanitation, i.e. destroy infested crop residues after harvest • Spray Thiamethoxam 25% WG @5g / 10 lit. of water • Drench soil with Emamectin benzoate 5% SG. @ 5 g/10 lit. of water
- 5. 2. Shoot borer S.N.- Conogethes punctiferalis Family - Pyraustidae Order - Lepidoptera Marks of identification - Adult- Yellowish moth with black spots on wing and body Larva- Pale greenish with pink tinge and fine hairs with dark head.
- 6. Host plants :Guava, Castor, turmeric, ginger etc. Life history : Eggs – On shoot, leaves Pupa - Pupation inside the damaged shoot Nature of damage – The caterpillar enters into the aerial stem killing the central shoot which results in the appearance of 'dead heart’. Management practices • Use healthy and pest free rhizomes for planting. • Spraying the infested crop with carbaryl 50 WP 2 kg or methyl parathion 50 EC 2.0 L @ 1000-1200 L water per hectare proved effective in controlling the pest. • Collect and destroy damaged fruits • Clean cultivation as weed plants serve as alternate hosts • Use light trap @ 1/ha to monitor the activity of adults
- 7. 3. Rhizome scale S.N.– Aspidiotus hartii Family – Diaspididae Order – Hemiptera Marks of identification – Scales are minute, circular, light brownish to grey with a thin pale membrane Life history : It reproduces either ovoviviparously or parthenogenetically Host plants : Turmeric and ginger
- 8. Nature of damage- Both nymphs and adults infest rhizomes both in field and storage. The infested plants become weak, pale and withered in the field that results in shrivelling of rhizomes and buds.
- 9. Management practices – •Use healthy and pest free rhizomes for planting. • Apply well rotten sheep manure / poultry manure in two splits @ 10 tons/ha, first before planting and the second at the time of earthing up. • Drench soil with dimethoate 30 EC or phosalone 35 EC @ 2 ml/L of water • Soak seed rhizomes, in insecticide solution of either dimethoate 30 EC or phosalone 1.5 ml/L or monocrotophos 36 WSC 1.5 ml/L or dichlorvos 0.5 ml/L for 15 min. for storing.
- 10. 4. Leaf roller S.N.– Udaspes folus Family - Hesperiidae Order - Lepidoptera Marks of identification – Larva: Is smooth green with black head Adult : It is brownish black butterfly Forewing: has a white spots Hind wing: has a large white patch
- 11. Life history : Eggs:Underside of the leaves Pupa: Pupates in leaf-fold Nature of damage : Larvae webs leaves with silken threads, fold the leaves into a tubular form and feed on them causing complete defoliation. Management practices – • Hand pick and destroy the caterpillars • Apply carbaryl 50 WP 1.0 kg in 500 -750 L of water per ha.
- 12. 5. Thrips S.N. –Panchaetothrips indicus Family – Thripidae Order – Thysanoptera Eggs – In leaf tissues Nature of damage - Both nymphs and adults scrap the epidermis of leaves and suck the cell sap from lower side of leaves. As a result of which leaves become rolled up. Turn pale and gradually dry- up. Management practices • Spray insecticides like quinalphos 0.025% or fenthion or phosalone 0.07%
- 13. Pests of Onionand Garlic Presented By Prof. Shid D.C.
- 14. 1. Thrips S.N. –Thrips tabaci Family - Thripidae Order - Thysanoptera Host Plants: Onion, garlic, cotton (Gossypium spp.), cabbage, cauliflower, potato, tobacco, tomato, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), brinjal, tea, pear, pine apple, chillies, tomato, radish, grapes etc.
- 15. Nature of damage: Adults as well as by nymphs lacerate the leaf tissue and feed on the plant juice. The insects are just visible to the unaided eye and are seen moving briskly on the flowers and leaves of onion and garlic plants. They usually congregate at the base of a leaf or in the flower. Leaves of attacked plants turn silvery white, curl, wrinkle and gradually dry from tip downwards. The plants do not form bulbs nor do the flowers set seed. Leaf tip discoloration and drying is the main symptom.
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- 17. Management practices • Growresistant varieties viz., White Persian, Grano, Sweet Spanish and Crystal Wax. • Use neem coated urea to reduce the infestation of the pest. • Install sky blue colour sticky traps@ 25/ha • Spray 625 ml of methy demeton 25 EC or dimethoate 30 EC or moncrotphos 36 SL 500 ml- 750 ml in 500 - 750 L of water per ha as soon as the pest appears. A waiting period of 7 days should be observed, before harvest. • Spray Dimethoate 30EC 15ml or Lambda cyhalothrin 5EC 6ml in 10lit of water • NSKE 5%
- 18. Pests of Coriander PresentedBy Prof. Shid D.C.
- 19. 1. Aphid S.N. –Hyadophis coriandri Family - Aphididae Order - Hemiptera Life history : They reproduce parthenogenetically. Nature of damage - They are found in large number on undersurface of leaves and on tender shoots. The nymphs and adults suck the cell sap as a result affected leaves turn yellow, get wrinkled and distorted. The aphids also excrete honeydew on which a fungus develops and rapidly covers the plant with sooty mould that interferes with photosynthetic activities of plants. The growth of the plant is stunted and yield is adversely affected.
- 20. Management practices – •Release of first instar grubs of Chrysoperla carnea @ 10,000/ha • Release of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri • Use yellow sticky trap
- 21. 2. Mite S.N. -Tetranychus urticae Family - Tetranychidae Order - Acarina Life history : Eggs - Near the veins of leaves Nature of damage - They are found in large colonies on underside of leaves covered with fine silky webs. The nymphs and adults suck the cell sap from lower surface of leaves.As a result of their feeding affected leaves become reddish brown and bronzy. Mite attack starts from the top leaves showing downward curling.Severe infestation leaves wither and dry. Management practices • Field sanitation Conserve natural enemies
- 22. Presented By Prof. ShidD.C. Pests of Curry leaf
- 23. 1. Psylla S.N. -Diaphorina citri Family - Psyllidae Order - Hemiptera Marks of identification – Adults : Small, dark brown in color. Wings are folded like roof over body. Host plants : Citrus and other plants like curry leaves Life history : Eggs - In the folds of half opened leaves
- 24. Nature of damage- Both nymphs and adult suck the cell sap from tender leaves, shoot which as a result curl, dry up and ultimately drop down. Complete crop failures are reported in case of severe infestation. Honeydew excretion of the nymphs favours multiplication of black sooty mould on the leaves. Management practices – • Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts. • Encourage the activity of natural enemies such as syrpids and chrysopids
- 25. 2. Lemon butterfly S.N.- Papilio demoleus Family - Papilionidae Order - Lepidoptera Host plants: All citrus species and other plants like bael, ber, curry leaves etc. Marks of identification - Butterfly : Has yellow and black markings on wings Larva : Green color. Early instar larva is dark with white patches resembling the ‘dropping of birds’ when grown up turns deep green in color
- 26. Life history: Eggs :Greenish yellow color, singly on tender leaves Pupa : Pupation on plant No. of generations - 4/year Nature of damage – Caterpillar feeds on tender leaves and defoliate the plant in case of severe infestation. Management practices - • Hand picking of caterpillar in early stage of infestation. • Encourage the activity of egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanesens and Telenomus spp.
- 27. 3. Scale S.N. -Coccus viridis Unaspis citri Family - Coccidae Order - Hemiptera Nature of damage: They are found in large numbers on ventral side of leaves, tender twigs and shoots. Both nymphs and adults suck the cell sap from tender leaves and shoots and reduce the vigour of plant. They also excrete honeydew which favours the development of black sooty mould and affects the photosynthetic activity of plant. Management practices • Prune and destroy the infested shoots at initial stage of development. • Release the predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri • Encourage parasitoid Coccophagagus spp. Marks of identification – Adult – flat and oval shaped soft scale Nymph- Pale lemon yellow
- 28. Pests of Blackpepper Presented By Prof. Shid D.C.
- 29. 1. Pollu beetle S.N.– Longitarsus nigripennis Family - Chrysomelidae Order - Coleoptera Host plants: Black Pepper Marks of identification: Adult is a bluish blackish yellow shining flea beetle. Life history: Eggs: On the berrie Pupa: In soil Four overlapping generations in a year.
- 31. Nature of damage: The grubs bore into the berries of pepper. The infested berries dry up and turn dark in colour. Berries are hollow and crumble when pressed. Such hollow berries are called “POLLU” (Empty). Grub may also eat the spike causing the entire region beyond it to dry up. When contents of one berry is exhausted, the grub move to next and feed continuously. Management practices • Rake the soil and incorporate quinalphos 1.5 D, carbaryl 5 D @ 25 kg/ha to kill the pupae in the soil • Spray dimethoate 30 EC 1.5 L or quinalphos 25 EC 2.0 L in 500 - 1000 L of water per ha.
- 32. 2. Mealy bugs S.N.– Planococcus citri Family - Pseudococcidae Order - Hemiptera Life History: Eggs- In soil Nature of damage : Both nymphs and adults suck the cell sap from tender leaves, stem and fruits. As a result plant losses their vigour. They also excrete honeydew on which black sooty mould grows which affects the photosynthetic activities of the plants. Management practices • Remove and destroy the damaged plant parts. • Ploughing below the tree to kill the eggs. • Release predator Australian lady bird beetle @ 10/tree • Chloropyriphos 20 EC @ 2 ml/lit. of water.
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