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Philippine Literature
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- 2. Definition of Literature •Someloosely interpret literature as any printed matter written within a book, a magazine or a pamphlet. Others define literature as a faithful reproduction of man’s manifold experiences blended into one harmonious expression.
- 3. •Because literature dealswith ideas, thoughts and emotions of man, literature can be said to be the story of man. Man’s loves, griefs, thoughts, dreams and aspirations coached in beautiful language is literature. •Brother Azurin, said that “literature expresses the feelings of people to society, to the government, to his surroundings, to his fellowmen and to his Divine Creator.”The expression of one’s feelings, according to him, may be through love, sorrow, happiness, hatred, anger, pity, contempt or revenge.
- 4. •ForWebster, literature isanything that is printed as long as it is related to the ideas and feeling s of people, whether it is true, or just a product of one’s imagination. •In PANITIKANG PILOPINO written by Atienza, Ramos, Salazar and Nazal, it says that “true literature is a piece of written work which is undying. It expresses the feelings and emotions of people in response to his everyday efforts to live, to be happy in his environment and, after struggles, to reach his Creator.
- 5. Why We Needto Study Phil. Lit? •So that we can better appreciate our literary heritage •So that we’ll understand that we have a great and noble tradition which can serve as the means to assimilate other cultures •So that we’ll realize our literary limitations conditioned by certain historical factors and we can take steps to overcome them.
- 6. Time Frames ofPhilippine Literature in English • The Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910) • Period of Imitation(1910-1925) • Period of Self-Discovery (1925-1941) • Japanese Period (1941-1945) • The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970) • Period of Activism (1970-1972) • Period of the New Society (1972-1981) • Period of theThird Republic (1981-1985) • Contemporary Period (1986-)
- 7. Literary Compositions that HaveInfluenced the World
- 8. 1. The Bibleor the Sacred Writings
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- 10. 3. The Illiad andOdyssey
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- 16. 9. The Songof Roland
- 17. 10. The Book ofthe Dead
- 18. 11. The Book ofthe Days
- 19. 12. One Thousand and OneNights or The Arabian Nights
- 20. General Types ofLiterature •Prose •Poetry
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- 22. 1. Novel •This isa long narrative divided into chapters.The events are taken from true-to-life stories and spans a long period of time.There are many characters involved.
- 23. 2. Short Story •Thisis a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot and one single impression.
- 24. 3. Plays •This ispresented on stage, is divided into acts and each act has many scenes.
- 25. 4. Legends •These arefictitious narratives usually about origins.
- 26. 5. Fables •These arealso fictitious and they deal with animals and inanimate things who speak and act like people and their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that can mold their ways and attitudes.
- 27. 6. Anecdotes •These aremerely products of the writer’s imagination and the main aim is to bring out lessons to the reader. It can be stories about animals or children.
- 28. 7. Essay •This expressesthe viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular problem or event.
- 29. 8. Biography •This dealswith the life of a person which may be about himself, is autobiography or that of others.
- 30. 9. News •This isa report of everyday events in society, government, science and industry, and accidents, happening nationally or not.
- 31. 10. Oration •This isa formal treatment of a subject and is intended to be spoken in public. It appeals to the intellect, to the will or to the emotions of the audience.
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- 33. 1. Narrative Poetry •Thisform describes important events in life either real or imaginary.
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- 35. a. Epic •This isan extended narrative about heroic exploits often under supernatural control. It may deal with heroes and gods.
- 36. Two Kinds OfEpic Poetry •Popular or Ancient •Literary or Modern
- 37. b. Metrical Tale •Thisis a narrative which is written in verse and can be classified either as a ballad or a metrical romance.
- 38. c. Ballads •Of thenarrative poems, this is considered the shortest and simplest. It has a simple structure and tells a single incident.
- 39. •The variations arelove ballads, war ballads, sea ballads, humorous, moral, historical or mythical ballads. In the early times, this referred to a song accompanying a dance.
- 40. 2. Lyric Poetry •Originally,this refers to that kind of poetry meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre, but, now this applies to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and feelings of the poet.
- 41. •They are usuallyshort, simple and easy to understand.
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- 43. a. Folksongs •These areshort poems intended to be sung.The common theme is love, despair, grief, doubt, joy, hope and sorrow.
- 44. b. Sonnets •This isa lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, a feeling, or an idea. •Two types: Shakespearean and Petrarchan
- 45. c. Elegy •This isa lyric poem which expresses feelings of grief and melancholy, and whose theme is death.
- 46. d. Ode •This isa poem of a noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with no definite number of syllables or definite number of lines in a stanza.
- 47. e. Psalms •This isa song praising God or the Virgin Mary and containing a philosophy of life.
- 48. f. Awit •These havemeasures of 12 syllables and slowly sung to the accompaniment of a guitar or banduria.
- 49. g. Corridos •These havemeasures of eight syllables and recited to a martial beat.
- 50. 3. Dramatic Poetry •isany drama that is written in verse that is meant to be recited. It usually tells a story or refers to a situation.
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- 52. a. Comedy •This formusually is light and written with the purpose of amusing, and usually has a happy ending.
- 53. b. Melodrama •This isusually used in musical plays with the opera. It arouses immediate and intense emotion and is usually sad but there is a happy ending for the principal character.
- 54. c. Tragedy •This involvesthe hero struggling mightily against dynamic forces; he meets death or ruin without success and satisfaction obtained by the protagonist in a comedy
- 55. d. Farce •This isan exaggerated comedy. It seeks to arouse mirth by laughable lines; situations are too ridiculous to be true; the characters seem to be caricatures and the motives undignified and absurd.
- 56. e. Social Poems •Thisforms either purely comic or tragic and it pictures the life of today. It may aim to bring about changes in the social conditions.