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Photosynthetic pigments
- 1. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS SARAH HAMID M.Sc BIOTECHNOLOGY PGY-1
- 2. WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS? Plants are experts at capturing light energy and using it to make sugars through a process called photosynthesis.
- 3. WHAT IS A PIGMENT? The process of photosynthesis begins with the absorption of light by specialized organic molecules, called pigments.
- 4. PIGMENTS REQUIRED FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chlorophyll a is the core pigment that absorbs sunlight for light dependent photosynthesis. Accessory pigments such as: chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanth ophylls and anthocyanins lend a hand to chlorophyll a molecules by absorbing a broader spectrum of light waves.
- 5. ROLE OF CHLOROPHYLL IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- 6. STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPHYLL A Structurally, chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ("water-fearing") tail that inserts into the thylakoid membrane and a porphyrin ring head (a circular group of atoms surrounding a magnesium ion) that absorbs light.
- 7. ACCESSORY PIGMENTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS The use of accessory pigments allows a broader range of wavelengths to be absorbed, and thus, more energy to be captured from sunlight. CHLOROPHYLL B Chlorophyll b transmits green light and mainly absorbs blue and red light.It captures the light energy from the sun and hands it over to chlorophyll a.
- 8. CAROTENOIDS Carotenoids are another key group of pigments that absorb violet and blue- green light. These are found in red of tomato (lycopene), the yellow of corn seeds (zeaxanthin), or the orange of an orange peel (β- carotene).
- 9. XANTHOPHYLL Xanthophyll pigments pass along light energy to chlorophyll a and act as antioxidants. These pigments also protect plants against photodamage. These pigments produce the yellow color in fall leaves.
- 10. Anthocyanin pigments absorb blue-green light and aid chlorophyll a. Apples and autumn leaves owe their vibrancy to reddish, violet anthocyanin compounds.
- 11. WHAT ARE ANTENNA PIGMENTS? • Photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll b and carotenoids bond with protein to form a tightly packed antenna-like structure to capture incoming photons. • Antenna pigments absorb radiant energy. • These pigments pump photons into reaction centers during photosynthesis.
- 12. WHERE ARE THESE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS FOUND? PIGMENTS LOCATED IN Chlorophyll - Chloroplast Carotenoids - Chloroplast Anthocyanin - Cell vacuole Xanthophyll - Chloroplast
- 13. HOW DO THESE PIGMENTS WORK IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS? • Chlorophyll are green substance in producers that traps light energy from the sun, which is then used to combine carbon dioxide and water into sugars in the process of photosynthesis. • Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment of photosynthesis, trapping the light energy and emitting high energy electrons into the two photosystems P680 and P700. • Chlorophyll b is the accessory pigment, passing the trapped energy into chlorophyll a. • Accessory pigments help plants absorb additional light. MORE PIGMENTS = MORE FOOD(GLUCOSE)
- 14. IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS = = = • Pigments helps in growth and development of plants. • Pigments also protect plants from damage caused by UV and visible light. • Pigments act as visible signals to attract insects, birds and animals for pollination and seed dispersal.
- 15. CONCLUSION • Plant have different pigments like chlorophyll a,b, xanthophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, etc. These pigments are required for the photosynthesis. • All the living organisms are dependent on the process of photosynthesis (produces glucose and oxygen) either directly or indirectly. • Chlorophyll a is the core/main photosynthetic pigment the rest being accessory. • Chlorophyll is vital for photosynthesis, which helps plants get energy from light.