Php

Saket Shukla
11004089
B.Tech. (honors) - CSE

Web development is a broad term for the work involved in
developing a web site for the Internet (World Wide Web) or
an intranet (a private network). Web development can range
from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to
the most complex web-based internet applications, electronic
businesses, and social network services. Among web
professionals, "web development" usually refers to the main non-
design aspects of building web sites: writing mark up and coding.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, which is the
main programming structure for web pages and browser
software. When browser software accesses an HTML file it
understands how to parse the document according to the
file's extension.(.html - .txt - .php - .xml - .pdf - .doc - etc... ).
HTML provides us a means of laying out and structuring our
web pages using paragraphs, images, lists, indents, boxes,
tables, colors, padding, and many more data structuring
methods common to most data processing systems.

The Main Elements of an HTML Document
<DOCTYPE> : Communicates with software(validators, browser)
accessing the page to help identify the HTML rules being followed
inside the document.
<html> : Defines the beginning and end of an HTML document. It
contains the <head>, <meta>, <title>, and <body>
<head> : Used to describe or modify the content in the document.
The head element contains the <meta>, and <title> elements
<meta> : Used to describe the document with a description and
keywords primarily.

<title> : Displays a page title in the browser tab bars and
bookmark lists. The title element should come directly after your
<meta> tags in the document and also communicates to search
engine indexing bots to some degree.
<body> : Directly after the <head> element closes(</head>) we
define our <body> element. This element contains everything that
we want to display to the browser software. The body element
can have attributes set in it to affect the entire document if the
author so chooses.

CSS is an acronym for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS is used to
separate presentation and style from document markup content.
It works by targeting your web page elements. CSS can target
and style native elements like your body tag or all <p> tags on the
page. It can also be made to target specific individual page
elements or a group of labeled elements, as long as you give
those elements the appropriate class name or identifier.
CSS specifications and validation services are maintained by
W3C.
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
Styles define how to display HTML elements
Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

JavaScript (not to be confused with Java) is a scripting
language that is widely used by many developers that focus
on website and web applications creation.
What is JavaScript?
JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages
JavaScript is a scripting language
A scripting language is a lightweight programming language
JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages
JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts
execute without preliminary compilation)
Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license

PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, UNIX, etc.)
PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache,
IIS, etc.)
PHP is FREE to download from the official PHP
resource: www.php.net
PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

 PHP is a server scripting language, and is a powerful
tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages.
 PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to
competitors such as Microsoft's ASP.
 PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
 PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP is free to download and use.
 PHP files can contain text, HTML, JavaScript code,
and PHP code
 PHP code are executed on the server, and the result
is returned to the browser as plain HTML

 PHP files have a default file extension of ".php”
 PHP can generate dynamic page content
 PHP can create, open, read, write, and close files on
the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
 PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your
website
 PHP can encrypt data
 PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix,
Mac OS X, etc.)
 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today
(Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP has support for a wide range of databases
 Download it from the official PHP resource:
www.php.net
 PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server
side

MySQL is the most popular open-source database system.
MySQL is a relational database management
system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access
to number of databases.
MySQL is currently the world’s most popular and widely used open
source database technology and data storage system. MySQL
offers great reliability and ease of use. It is free, and comes with
free documentation as well as thousands of programmers that
share their code that relates to communicating with a MySQL
database. The MySQL development project has made its source
code available under the terms of the GNU General Public
License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements.

Before we can access data in a database, we must open
a connection to the MySQL server.
In PHP, this is done with the mysql_connect() function.
Syntax :
mysql_connect(host,username,password,dbname);
Parameter Description
host Optional. Either a host name or an IP address
username Optional. The MySQL user name
password Optional. The password to log in with
dbname Optional. The default database to be used when
performing queries

•Mysql_close() : used to close an opened connection to
database
•Mysql_query() : sends the sql query through the specified
connection string to database returns the result
•Mysql__fetch_array() : fetches result in an array from the
returned value from the query
•Mysql_error() : returns current mysql error description

1. Easy to get started with
2. Designed for the web
3. Free to use
4. Many successful websites run on PHP

•PHP is a scripting language so it is slow (compared to C or
C++)
•PHP is a scripting language with dynamic typing so it may
have more undiscovered errors at run-time than a staticly
typed language such as Java, C++ or C#
•Because anyone can learn PHP there is a lot of bad code
out there written in PHP by poor programmers
•PHP is an ugly/messy/uncool procedural language

The mini - project designed using this language is a basic city
police website, which targets to provide with services to citizen
at the comfort of their home.
The website apart from providing a landing page for the city
police, provides people with options to locate their nearest
police station.
The major service offered includes : lodging and receiving
status of complaints

•Usage of ajax for reducing load time and enhanced user
experience
•Usage of xml for sending large amounts of data and images
•Increasing the number of services provided
•Inclusion of a CMS for the admin to control the website
•Inclusion of various other services and portals

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