php basics

Presentation on PHP Basics
Submitted to:
Navjot sir
Submitted by:
Ms. Anmol Rattan
1811591
MCA 5th Semester

Outlines
PHP Basic Syntax
Case Sensitivity in PHP
PHP Printing function
Declaration of variables
Loops in PHP
Functions in PHP

1. This is most commonly used and recommended
form is:
PHP Basic Syntax
<?PHP
PHP CODE GOES IN HERE
?>

2. This is another way to add PHP script(HTML
or Script style tags)
Syntax:-
<script language=“PHP”>
PHP CODE GOES IN HERE
</script>

3. This is called “Short” tags.
i. Syntax:
<?
PHP CODE GOES
HERE
?>
ii. Syntax:
<%
PHP CODE GOES
HERE
%>

Embedding of PHP within HTML
<html>
<body>
<?
// php code goes here
?>
</body>
</html>

Case Sensitivity in PHP
In PHP, Variable names are case-sensitive but
function names are not case sensitive.
• If you defined variable in lowercase, then you
need to use it in lowercase everywhere in
program. If we define a
variable $name = "James"; $NAME will not
work
• If you defined function name in lowercase, but
calling them in uppercase it will work. For
example, If we define function sum() {} then
calling SUM() will also work.

Case sensitive (both
user defined and PHP
defined)
• variables
• constants
• array keys
• class properties
• class constants
• Strings
Case insensitive (both
user defined and PHP
defined)
• Functions Name
• class constructors
• class methods
• Class Names
• keywords and
constructs (if, else,
null, foreach, echo
etc.)

PHP PRINTING FUNCTION
1. print() – The print() is used to create PHP print
statement to print given data to the browser. It is
a PHP language construct and not a function. So,
we can use ‘print’ without parenthesis for
creating a print statement.

Example:
<?PHP
print "Anmol";
//(or)
print("Anmol");
?>
OUTPUT
AnmolAnmol

PHP Echo statement
• It is a construct as like as print(). The difference
is that the echo() will accept multiple data
separated by commas.
• PHP echo statement can be used to print string,
multi line strings, variables, array etc.

EXAMPLE:
ECHO "APPLE","GRAPES“ //INVALID
ECHO ("APPLE","GRAPES"); //VALID
Example:
echo "Apple";
echo("Apple");

Declaration of variables in PHP
• A variable in PHP is a name of memory location
that holds data. A variable is used to store data
temporarily.
• In PHP, a variable is declared using $ sign
followed by variable name .
Syntax :-
$variablename=value;

Rules for declaring a variable in
PHP
• The variables in PHP are started by the dollar
sign($).
• PHP variables must start with letter or underscore
only.
• PHP variable can't be start with numbers and
special symbols.
• The variables names are case sensitive i.e.
$kushal and $KUSHAL are two different
variables for interpreter.

PHP Variable: Declaring string,
integer and float
OUTPUT
string is: hello string
integer is: 200
float is: 44.6
<?php
$str="hello string";
$x=200;
$y=44.6;
echo "string is: $str <br/>";
echo "integer is: $x <br/>";
echo "float is: $y <br/>";
?>

Loops in PHP
• When we want to execute same code
multiple times then we can put it into a loop block
to avoid code repetition. Loop structure includes
three sections. These are,
•Initialization
•Conditional execution
•Incrementation / decrementation

PHP support four different types of
looping control statements:
1. While Loop
2. Do…While Loop
3. For Loop
4. Foreach Loop

1. While Loop
• while loop is also known a entry control loop.
• In this loop, every time condition is checked and
if condition is true, then block of while loop is
executed.
• Loop will terminate if condition will become
false.

Syntax:
while(condition)
{
code to execute;
}

2. Do…While loop
• It is also known as exit controlled loop as in this
condition is checked after executing the block of
loop.
• Do while loop executes a block of code at least
once .

Syntax:
do
{
//codes
}
while(condition);

3. For Loop
• The for loop is more fast than while loop and do
while loop.
• It has the initialization, conditional statement and
increments/decrements in a single line.

Syntax:
for(intialization;
condiion;incr/decr)
{
//Body of loop;
}

• foreach looping structure is used to iterate through
each element of an array starting from first
element.
• It will depend upon the number of elements of
array that how much time the loop will execute.
• Foreach loop works only on arrays.
4. foreach loop

Example
<?php
$Myarray=array('anmol‘ ,
'rohit‘ ,‘ lokesh');
foreach($Myarray as $value)
{
echo $value."<br>";
}
?>
Output:-
anmol
rohit
lokesh

Functions in PHP
• PHP function is a block of statements that can
be reused number of times in PHP script.
• A function can take argument and can return
value.
Syntax:
function functionName()
{
Code to be executed;
}

Advantages of PHP Functions
• Code Reusability: PHP functions are defined
only once and can be invoked many times.
• Less Code: It saves a lot of code because By the
use of function, you can write the logic only once
and reuse it.
• Easy to understand: it is easier to understand the
flow of the application because every logic is
divided in the form of functions.

PHP Functions Example
Output
Hello PHP
<?php
function sayHello()
{
echo "Hello PHP";
}
sayHello();//calling function
?>

PHP functions with arguments
Output
Hello Sonoo
Hello Vimal
Hello John
<?php
function sayHello($name)
{
echo "Hello $name<br/>";
}
sayHello("Sonoo");
sayHello("Vimal");
sayHello("John");
?>

Function with return value
Output
sum of 2 and 5 is: 7
<?php
function sum($a, $b){
$c=$a+$b;
return $c;
}
$a=2;$b=5;
echo "sum of $a and $b is:
".sum($a,$b);
?>

php basics

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