Physical plant and facilities in educational management
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The document discusses physical plant and facilities development for educational institutions. It covers topics such as the definition of educational facilities, components of physical plants, basic principles, school mapping and sites, school plant planning, maintenance, furniture and equipment, and facilities management. Standards for school sites, buildings, spaces, and maintenance are provided. The primary function of facilities is to provide an environment conducive to effective teaching and learning. Facilities should be developed and managed based on a comprehensive school plan involving stakeholders.
Physical plant and facilities in educational management
- 1. PHYSICAL PLANT AND FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Cheryl M. Asia, MAED Teacher III
- 2. TOPICS: Educational Facilities for Basic Education A. Educational Facilities Defined B. Components of Physical Plant and Facilities C. Basic Principles of Educational Facilities D. School Mapping School Sites A. Standard Requirements/Minimum Standard Requirements for School Sites B. Modes of Acquisition of School Site School Plant Planning A. Types of School Buildings B. Minimum Standards for Instructional & Administrative Spaces School Maintenance
- 3. School Furniture, Equipment and other Facilities School Seats, tables, Storage Display, School Equipment, Instructional devices, Facilities and Meeting Standards for School Facilities Educational Facilities Management
- 4. Physical Plant (or known as physical facilities) for education comprises lands, buildings and furniture. It includes physical facilities in teaching spaces and ancillary rooms. The school facilities consist of all types of buildings for academic and non-academic activities, equipment for academic and non- academic activities, areas for sports and games, landscape, farms and gardens including trees, roads and paths.
- 5. Components of Physical Plant and Facilities 1. The primary function of educational facilities is to provide the proper school environment that is most conducive to effective teaching and learning. 2. Functional and effective educational facilities are developed, operated and managed on the basis of a comprehensive plan of action of the school, prepared by all stakeholders in education in the community.
- 6. Basic Principles on Physical Plant and Facilities 1. The primary function of educational facilities is to provide the proper school environment that is most conducive to effective teaching and learning. 2. Functional and effective educational facilities are developed, operated and managed on the basis of a comprehensive plan of action of the school, prepared by all stakeholders in education in the community. 3. It shall include sound educational facility planning and design process principles to: a) maximize collaboration in school planning design, b) build a proactive facility management program, and c) plan schools as neighborhood-scaled community learning centers .
- 7. Location It should be located in a wholesome environment, safe from traffic and transportation hazards, sufficiently free from noise, dust, smoke, and other undesirable elements. It also should be provided with adequate facilities for drainage and sewage disposal. It should be adequate to meet the needs of the present school population and its future expansion. The school should be accessible to present and anticipated school population by means of public transportation or school bus. It should have satisfactory road network and sidewalks.
- 8. Campus It should be so planned that it would adequate for the intellectual, social, physical and cultural interests of the Institution. It should be kept in good condition and physical appearance. Medical and Dental Clinic A medical and dental clinic should be properly set up, strategically, well-ventilated and lighted, screened and provided with clean water supply. It should be provided with basic equipment, medical supplies , beds, cabinets and linens
- 9. Classrooms The size and number of classrooms should be sufficient to accommodate the student population. Classrooms should be adequately equipped with the required furniture, blackboards, and should have a pleasant atmosphere. Lighting, ventilation, general appearance, and acoustics should be satisfactory. Offices, Staff and Function Rooms Adequate provisions should be made for administrative offices, faculty rooms, and reception areas, where needed.
- 10. Student Center A student Center is available where students can make wholesome interaction and listen to good music, play table games, watch TV programs, etc. Food Services Unit or Canteen Clean and sanitary food services unit/canteen must be set-up and managed effectively. It should serve balanced yet affordable meals and snacks to the school community .
- 11. Minimum Standard Requirements for School Sites Minimum Standards listed hereunder apply only to buildings and the sites for elementary and secondary schools. 1. School facilities must be planed for the instructional program. 2. School facilities must also be planned for flexibility to anticipate educational as well as social change. 3. An equally important principle is that the school involves people. 4. The scarcity of resources relative to wants and needs makes it imperative that the only spaces for which validated functions can be specified be planned into school facilities.
- 12. Elementary School Sites Standard Requirements Site The size of the site must meet the requirements of enrolment and kind of school as well as the recreational needs of the pupils. 1. One half hectare (1/2 Ha) for barrio school, which has only 1 or 2 classes and no grade above Grade IV. 2. One hectare (1 Ha.) for a central school, which has six classes, or for non-Central school, which has three or 4 classes. 3 Two hectares (2Ha.) for schools, which have seven or nine classes . 4. Three hectares (3 Ha.) for schools, which have from 10 or 12 classes 5. Four hectares (4 Ha.) for schools, which have more the 12 classes.
- 13. Modes of Acquisition of School Sites 1. By purchase- Purchase The parties involved are the seller called vendor and the buyer called vendee. donation The parties involved are the donor who is the giver and the donee or the receiver of the benefits or beneficiary. 2. By donation – Simple Donation is one whereby a person disposes gratuitously of a piece of land in favor of the municipality, city, province or the Republic f Philippines. Conditional Donation – is one, which imposes a condition such as “that the land should be devoted only for education purposes”. Inter vivos donation—takes effect during the lifetime of the donor. When the donation takes effect only after the donor’s death, it is referred to as mortis causa. Expropriation– Land desired for school purposes maybe acquired through condemnation proceedings or expropriation
- 14. Modes of Acquisition of School Sites 3. By appropriation 4. By barter or exchange 5. By Presidential Proclamation 6. By gratuitous conveyance
- 15. School Plant Planning 1. Define the educational objectives and the programs and activities which will be implemented in order to achieve those objectives . 2. Involvement in the planning of the new facility, the support of the people from within and outside the school must by all means be solicited. Elementary School Sites Standard Requirements Site– the size of the site must meet the requirements of enrolment and kind of school as well as the recreational needs of the pupils. 1. One half hectare (1/2 Ha) for barrio school, which has only 1 or 2 classes and no grade above Grade IV. 2. One hectare (1 Ha.) for a central school, which has six classes, or for non-Central school, which has three or 4 classes.
- 16. Buildings The buildings should be functionally designed and constructed of strong and durable materials to withstand earthquakes, typhoons, and fire. Their design should be pleasing to the eye and in conformity with the surroundings, and at the same time, imbued with proper atmosphere conducive to learning. They should be satisfactorily planned so as to meet the future expansion needs. There should be well planned entrance and exit points to insure safe and convenient mobility of the school population. Stairways and fire exits should be adequate and standard in size and number and conveniently located. There should be no obstruction in corridors that would impede the free flow of movement.
- 17. However, for special case, where there is difficulty in meeting above standards, the following may be allowed. A. For Rural Areas ½ hectare fro central school, which has six classes, fro non-central school, which has 3-4 classes. 1 ½ hectares for schools which have 7-10 classes. 2 hectares for schools which have been 10 classes. B. For Urban Areas ½ hectare for 6-10 classes. ¾ of a hectare for 11-20 classes. 1 hectare for 20 or more classes.
- 18. Space 1. Instructional Space A .Academic Classrooms Elementary Secondary B. Science Laboratories General Science Mathematics Biology Physics Chemistry C. Learning Resource Center Minimum Standards 1.20 sq. m. /place 1.40 sq. m./ place 2.40 sq. m./place 1.75 sq.m./place 2.00 sq.m./place 2.40 sq.m/place 2.40 sq.m/place 2.40 sq.m/place
- 19. Workshop Boy’s Work/Girl’s Work Educational Practical Arts Girls Trade Homemaking Mechanical Trades( 2.50 sq. m/place ),Electrical Trades (2.70 sq.m/place) ,Drafting/ Drawing (2.50 sq. m/place) ,Farm Machinery Building 2.50 sq. m/place 5.00 sq.m/place Administrative Space Administrative Office Health and Guidance Services One health Clinic per School One Guidance Clinic per School Non-programmed Spaces Sanitary Facilities - 5.00 sq. m/place Boy’s Urinal - 1 urinal/50 pupils or Urinal through/100 pupils Boy’s Toilet Seat – 1 set/100 pupils Girl’s Toilet Seat 1 seat/50 pupils - through/100 pupils Lavatory - 1 lavatory/toilet seat Faucet- 1 for every 2 classrooms
- 20. School maintenance is an essential aspect of school plant management and requires constant attention and careful planning by administrators. Maintenance is defines as the measure or measures necessary to retain an item in or restore it to its original status or a specified condition. 1. MOOE 2. Capital Outlay 3. Infrastructure Funds 4. Special Education Fund 5. Income Generating Projects 6. Non-Governmental Agencies/Organizations
- 21. References: Educational Facilities Manual, Revised edition of the 2007 handbook on Educational Facilities- Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction in School Construction of the Department of Education, Copyright 2018