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PHYSICAL-SCIENCE-REPORTING-GROUP-1-HUMSS-C-2.pdf
- 1. QUARTER 1 – MODULE 4: POLARITY OF MOLECULES AND ITS PROPERTIES G R O U P 1 P H Y S I C A L S C I E N C E
- 2. After going through this module, you are expected to: Define solubility, miscibility and polarity; Identify the different types of intermolecular forces of attractionExplainhowpolarityofmoleculesrelated toitsproperties 0BJECTIVES
- 3. * Polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end. Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. POLARITY
- 4. * Solubility is defined as the ability of a solid substance to be dissolved in a given amount of solvent. SOLUBILITY
- 5. * Miscibility is the ability of the two liquids to combine or mix in all proportions, creating a homogenousmixture. MISCIBILITY
- 6. ► From the previous module, you learned the intramolecular forces of attraction, the attractive force that binds atoms together. In this module, you will learn another type of attractive force, the intermolecular forces of attraction (IMFA) which exists between molecules. ► 1. There are several types of IMFA and below they are arranged from STRONGEST to WEAKEST. Ion-dipole →H- bonding→dipole- dipole→dipole-induced dipole→London forces of attraction. B. BOND STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COVALENT COMPOUND
- 7. ► 2. The strength of IMFA greatly affects the physical properties of substances such as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, surface tension, etc. B. BOND STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COVALENT COMPOUND
- 8. Table 1: shows the comparison of the various types of IMFA while table 2 shows the physical properties of polar and nonpolar molecules as affected by the type of IMFA present.
- 9. Type of IMFA Interacting Substances Examples Ion-dipole Ion (cation or anion) and a polar molecule NaCl dissolved in H2O; Ca²+ and PCl3 Hydrogen bonding Polar molecules containing H chemically bonded to a small and highly electronegative nonmetal atom such as N, O, and F H2O, NH3, CH3OH Dipole-dipole Polar molecules CH3F and H2S; HCl; HI and CH4 Dipole-induced dipole Polar and nonpolar molecules HI and CH4 London forces All substances and solely for nonpolar molecules and noble gases O2, N2; He gas; Br2
- 10. Table 2. General Properties of polar and nonpolar molecule
- 11. Polar molecules Nonpolar molecules • IMFA type: H-bonding and dipole-dipole • IMFA type: London dispersion • exist as solids or liquids at room temperature • exist as gases at room temperature • High boiling poin • Low boiling point • High surface tension • Low surface tension • Low vapor pressure • High vapor pressure
- 12. • Low volatility • High volatility • Soluble in water • Insoluble in water
- 13. Thanks!